1998

The Parliament of the
Commonwealth of Australia

HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

Presented and read a first time

Telecommunications (Consumer Protection and Service Standards) Bill 1998

No.      , 1998

(Communications, Information Technology and the Arts)

A Bill for an Act about telecommunications, and for related purposes

  

ISBN:  0642 377804

Contents
Part 1—Preliminary	1
1	Short title	1
2	Commencement	2
3	Objects and regulatory policy	2
4	Simplified outline	2
5	Definitions	4
6	Standard telephone service	5
7	Application of this Act	7
Part 2—Universal Service Regime	8
Division 1—Introduction	8
8	Simplified outline	8
9	Objects	9
10	Special meaning of Australia	9
11	Payphones	10
12	Prescribed carriage services	10
13	Supply of standard telephone services	10
14	Supply of prescribed carriage services	12
15	Service area	12
16	Participating carriers	12
17	Eligible revenue	12
18	Approved auditor	13
Division 2—Universal service obligation	14
19	Universal service obligation	14
Division 3—Universal service providers	16
20	Universal service providers	16
21	Effect of universal service provider declaration	18
22	Selection system for national universal service provider	19
23	Selection system for regional universal service providers	19
24	Selection systems—information‑gathering powers	20
25	Multiple national universal service providers	21
26	Multiple regional universal service providers	21
Division 4—Universal service plans	23
27	Universal service provider must submit universal service plan	23
28	Universal service plans	23
29	Replacement of approved universal service plan	23
30	Approval of draft universal service plan by Minister	23
31	Public comment—draft plan	24
32	Minister to have regard to certain matters	24
33	Minister may formulate requirements for draft plans	25
34	Notification of decision	25
35	Variation of approved universal service plan	26
36	Public comment—variation of plan	26
37	Minister may direct the ACA to give reports and/or advice	27
38	Minister may direct variation or replacement of plan	27
39	Compliance with approved universal service plan	28
40	Register of universal service plans	28
Division 5—Regulation of universal service charges	29
41	Universal service charges	29
42	Declaration subjecting universal service charges to price control arrangements	29
43	Price control determinations	29
44	Content of price control determinations	30
45	Price control determinations subject to determinations under Part 9	31
46	Compliance with price control determinations	31
Division 6—Assessment, collection, recovery and distribution of universal service levy	32
Subdivision A—Introduction	32
47	Simplified outline	32
48	Financial year	33
Subdivision B—Net cost areas	33
49	Universal service provider must propose service areas for declaration as net cost areas—ordinary declaration	33
50	Net cost areas—ordinary declarations	34
51	Universal service provider may propose service areas for declaration as net cost areas—special declaration	34
52	Net cost areas—special declarations	35
53	Minister may give directions about declaring net cost areas	36
Subdivision C—Assessment of liability for levy and of entitlement to levy distributions	36
54	Claims for levy credit	36
55	No levy payable unless at least one claim for a levy credit is made	37
56	ACA to give copies of claims to other participating carriers	38
57	Net universal service cost of a universal service provider for a financial year	38
58	Reduction of excessive costs etc.	42
59	Shortfalls in revenue earned	43
60	ACA determinations about working out a universal service provider’s net universal service cost	43
61	Application of determinations under section 60	44
62	Participating carriers must lodge returns of eligible revenue	45
63	ACA may inquire into the correctness of a claim or return	46
64	ACA to assess liabilities and entitlement	46
65	Explanation to the Minister if assessment not made within 270 days	47
66	Amendment of assessments	47
67	Levy debit of a participating carrier for a financial year	48
68	Levy debit balance of a participating carrier for a financial year	49
69	Levy credit balance of a universal service provider for a financial year	49
70	Publication of assessment	49
Subdivision D—Disclosure by the ACA of information about decisions relating to net cost areas and assessments	50
71	Public may request information	50
72	Request for information that is unavailable under section 71	51
73	How the ACA is to comply with a request	53
Subdivision E—Collection and recovery of levy	53
74	When levy payable	53
75	Levy a debt due to the Commonwealth	53
76	Validity of assessment	53
77	Evidence of assessment	53
78	Onus of establishing incorrectness of assessment	54
79	Refund of overpayment of levy	54
80	Cancellation of certain exemptions from levy	54
81	Commonwealth not liable to levy	54
Subdivision F—Distribution of levy	55
82	Universal Service Reserve	55
83	Payments into Universal Service Reserve	55
84	Purposes of Universal Service Reserve	55
85	Levy distribution to a universal service provider	56
86	Levy not to be distributed until paid	56
87	Recovery of overpayments	57
Subdivision G—Advance on account of distribution of levy	57
88	Advance on account of distribution of levy	57
89	Repayment of excess advances	57
Subdivision H—Levy guarantee	58
90	Levy guarantee	58
91	Exemptions from levy guarantee	59
92	Compliance with levy guarantee obligations	59
Part 3—The National Relay Service	61
Division 1—Introduction	61
93	Simplified outline	61
94	Definitions	61
Division 2—The National Relay Service	63
95	The National Relay Service (the NRS)	63
96	Publication of costs of providing the NRS	63
97	ACA reports and advice about NRS service plans	64
Division 3—The NRS levy	65
98	Levy quarters	65
99	Persons liable to pay levy (taxpayers)	65
100	Amount of levy	65
101	Payment of levy	66
Division 4—The NRS Reserve	67
102	The NRS Reserve	67
Part 4—Continued access to untimed local calls	68
103	Simplified outline	68
104	Requirement to provide an untimed local call option	68
105	Untimed local call option	68
106	Eligible local calls	69
107	Benefits for customers outside standard zones	72
108	Standard zones	72
109	Applicable zones	73
110	Eligible customer	75
111	Points	75
112	Application of this Part	75
Part 5—Customer service guarantee	76
113	Simplified outline	76
114	Interpretation	76
115	Performance standards	77
116	Damages for breach of performance standards	78
117	Scale of damages for breach of performance standards	79
118	Remedial directions—compliance with performance standards	80
119	Evidentiary certificate issued by the Telecommunications Industry Ombudsman	81
120	Waiver of customer service guarantee	82
121	Savings of other laws and remedies	82
122	Breach of performance standard is not an offence	83
123	Clause 1 of Schedule 2 to the Telecommunications Act 1997 does not apply to a breach of a performance standard	83
124	Minister may direct the ACA about the use of its powers under this Part	83
125	Review of performance standards following Ministerial direction	84
Part 6—The Telecommunications Industry Ombudsman	85
126	Simplified outline	85
127	Eligible carriage service providers	85
128	Telecommunications Industry Ombudsman scheme	86
129	Exemptions from requirement to join scheme	87
130	Direction to join scheme	87
131	Determination that a class of carriage service providers must join scheme	88
132	Members of scheme must comply with scheme	89
133	Register of members of scheme	89
Part 7—Protection for residential customers against failure by carriage service providers to provide standard carriage services	90
134	Simplified outline	90
135	Scope of Part	90
136	Standard residential customer	91
137	Protected payments	92
138	Compliance with protection schemes for protected payments	93
139	Protection schemes for protected payments—alternative supply of standard carriage services	93
140	Protection schemes for protected payments—third party guarantee	94
141	Protection schemes for protected payments—insurance cover	94
142	Protection schemes for protected payments—holding of payments in trust accounts	95
143	Waiver of protection by customers	96
144	Incidental rules	96
145	Enforcement of protection schemes	97
Part 8—Provision of emergency call services	99
146	Simplified outline	99
147	Provision of emergency call services	99
148	Compliance with determination	103
149	Access to emergency call services	104
150	Ministerial pricing determinations	105
151	Access to be provided	106
Part 9—Price control arrangements for Telstra	107
152	Simplified outline	107
153	Definitions	107
154	Minister may determine price control arrangements	108
155	Effect of price control arrangements	108
156	Alteration of charges subject to price control arrangements	108
157	Carrier charges subject to notification and disallowance	110
158	Alteration of charges subject to notification and disallowance	110
Part 10—Miscellaneous	111
159	Direction to Telstra to comply with this Act	111
160	Regulations	111

A Bill for an Act about telecommunications, and for related purposes
The Parliament of Australia enacts:
Part 1—Preliminary
  
1  Short title
		This Act may be cited as the Telecommunications (Consumer Protection and Service Standards) Act 1998.
2  Commencement
	(1)	Subject to this section, this Act commences on the 28th day after the day on which it receives the Royal Assent.
	(2)	The following provisions of this Act commence on 1 July 1999:
	(a)	the definition of approved universal service plan in subsection 5(2);
	(b)	the definition of draft universal service plan in subsection 5(2);
	(c)	the definition of levy in subsection 5(2);
	(d)	the definition of national universal service provider in subsection 5(2);
	(e)	the definition of net cost area in subsection 5(2);
	(f)	the definition of participating carrier in subsection 5(2);
	(g)	the definition of regional universal service provider in subsection 5(2);
	(h)	the definition of universal service obligation in subsection 5(2);
	(i)	the definition of universal service provider in subsection 5(2);
	(j)	Part 2;
	(k)	Part 3.
3  Objects and regulatory policy
		The following provisions of the Telecommunications Act 1997 apply to this Act in a corresponding way to the way in which they apply to that Act:
	(a)	section 3 (objects);
	(b)	section 4 (regulatory policy).
4  Simplified outline
		The following is a simplified outline of this Act:
•	A universal service regime is established. The main object of the universal service regime is to ensure that all people in Australia, wherever they reside or carry on business, should have reasonable access, on an equitable basis, to:
	(a)	standard telephone services; and
	(b)	payphones; and
	(c)	prescribed carriage services.
•	Provision is made for the National Relay Service (NRS). The NRS provides persons who are deaf or who have a hearing and/or speech impairment with access to a standard telephone service on terms, and in circumstances, that are comparable to the access other Australians have to a standard telephone service.
•	Local calls are to be charged for on an untimed basis.
•	The ACA may make performance standards to be complied with by carriage service providers in relation to customer service.
•	Certain carriers and carriage service providers must enter into the Telecommunications Industry Ombudsman scheme.
•	Provision is made for the protection of residential customers of carriage service providers against failure by the providers to supply standard telephone services.
•	The ACA may impose requirements on carriers, carriage service providers and certain other persons in relation to emergency call services.
•	Telstra is subject to price control arrangements.
•	The Minister may direct Telstra to take action directed towards ensuring that Telstra complies with this Act.
5  Definitions
	(1)	Unless the contrary intention appears, expressions used in this Act and in the Telecommunications Act 1997 have the same meaning in this Act as they have in that Act.
	(2)	In this Act:
approved universal service plan means an approved universal service plan under Division 4 of Part 2.
draft universal service plan means a draft universal service plan under Division 4 of Part 2.
levy means levy imposed by the Telecommunications (Universal Service Levy) Act 1997.
national universal service provider has the meaning given by section 20.
net cost area has the meaning given by section 50 or 52.
participating carrier has the meaning given by section 16.
regional universal service provider has the meaning given by section 20.
standard telephone service has the meaning given by section 6.
Telecommunications Industry Ombudsman means the Telecommunications Industry Ombudsman appointed under the Telecommunications Industry Ombudsman scheme.
Telecommunications Industry Ombudsman scheme means the scheme referred to in section 128.
this Act includes the regulations.
universal service obligation has the meaning given by section 19.
universal service provider means:
	(a)	the national universal service provider; or
	(b)	a regional universal service provider.
6  Standard telephone service
	(1)	A reference in a particular provision of this Act to a standard telephone service is a reference to a carriage service for each of the following purposes:
	(a)	the purpose of voice telephony;
	(b)	if:
	(i)	voice telephony is not practical for a particular end‑user with a disability (for example, because the user has a hearing impairment); and
	(ii)	another form of communication that is equivalent to voice telephony (for example, communication by means of a teletypewriter) would be required to be supplied to the end‑user in order to comply with the Disability Discrimination Act 1992;
		the purpose of that form of communication;
	(c)	a purpose declared by the regulations to be a designated purpose for the purposes of that provision;
where:
	(d)	the service passes the connectivity test set out in subsection (2); and
	(e)	to the extent that the service is for the purpose referred to in paragraph (a)—the service has the characteristics (if any) declared by the regulations to be the designated characteristics in relation to that service for the purposes of that provision; and
	(f)	to the extent that the service is for the purpose referred to in paragraph (b)—the service has the characteristics (if any) declared by the regulations to be the designated characteristics in relation to that service for the purposes of that provision; and
	(g)	to the extent that the service is for a particular purpose referred to in paragraph (c)—the service has the characteristics (if any) declared by the regulations to be the designated characteristics in relation to that service for the purposes of that provision.
	(2)	A service passes the connectivity test if an end‑user supplied with the service for a purpose mentioned in paragraph (1)(a), (b) or (c) is ordinarily able to communicate, by means of the service, with each other end‑user who is supplied with the same service for the same purpose, whether or not the end‑users are connected to the same telecommunications network.
	(3)	The following are examples of purposes that could be declared by regulations made for the purposes of paragraph (1)(c):
	(a)	the purpose of the carriage of data;
	(b)	the purpose of tone signalling.
	(4)	In making a recommendation to the Governor‑General at a particular time about the making of regulations for the purposes of paragraph (1)(c), the Minister must have regard to the following matters:
	(a)	whether a carriage service for the purpose proposed to be declared by the regulations can be supplied using the same infrastructure as is, at that time, being used by universal service providers to supply a standard telephone service for the purpose referred to in paragraph (1)(a);
	(b)	such other matters (if any) as the Minister considers relevant.
	(5)	This section does not prevent a characteristic declared by regulations made for the purposes of paragraph (1)(e), (f) or (g) from being a performance characteristic.
	(6)	In this section:
this Act includes the Telecommunications Act 1997.
7  Application of this Act
		The following provisions of the Telecommunications Act 1997 apply to this Act in a corresponding way to the way in which they apply to that Act:
	(a)	section 8 (Crown to be bound);
	(b)	section 9 (extra‑territorial application);
	(c)	section 10 (extension to external Territories);
	(d)	section 11 (extension to adjacent areas);
	(e)	section 12 (Act subject to Radiocommunications Act);
	(f)	section 13 (continuity of partnerships).

Part 2—Universal Service Regime
Division 1—Introduction
8  Simplified outline
		The following is a simplified outline of this Part:
•	This Part establishes a universal service regime.
•	The main object of the universal service regime is to ensure that all people in Australia, wherever they reside or carry on business, should have reasonable access, on an equitable basis, to:
	(a)	standard telephone services; and
	(b)	payphones; and
	(c)	prescribed carriage services.
•	The key elements of the universal service regime are as follows:
	(a)	the specification of the universal service obligation;
	(b)	the declaration of universal service providers;
	(c)	the carrying out of universal service plans;
	(d)	the regulation of universal service charges;
	(e)	the assessment, collection, recovery and distribution of the levy imposed by the Telecommunications (Universal Service Levy) Act 1997.
9  Objects 
		The objects of this Part are to give effect to the following policy principles:
	(a)	all people in Australia, wherever they reside or carry on business, should have reasonable access, on an equitable basis, to:
	(i)	standard telephone services; and
	(ii)	payphones; and
	(iii)	prescribed carriage services;
	(b)	the universal service obligation described in section 19 should be fulfilled as efficiently and economically as practicable; 
	(c)	the losses that result from supplying loss‑making services in the course of fulfilling the universal service obligation should be shared among carriers;
	(d)	information on the basis of which, and the methods by which, those losses and those carriers’ respective shares in those losses are to be determined should be open to scrutiny by:
	(i)	those carriers; and 
	(ii)	the public;
		to the greatest extent possible without undue damage to a carrier’s interests being caused by the disclosure of confidential commercial information.
10  Special meaning of Australia
	(1)	A reference in this Part to Australia includes a reference to:
	(a)	the Territory of Christmas Island; and
	(b)	the Territory of Cocos (Keeling) Islands; and
	(c)	an external Territory specified in the regulations.
	(2)	The definition of Australia in section 7 of the Telecommunications Act 1997 does not apply to this Part.
11  Payphones
		For the purposes of this Part, a payphone is a fixed telephone that:
	(a)	is a means by which a standard telephone service is supplied; and
	(b)	when in normal working order, cannot be used to make a telephone call (other than a free call or a call made with operator assistance) unless, as payment for the call, or to enable payment for the call to be collected:
	(i)	money, or a token, card or other object, has been put into a device that forms part of, is attached to, or is located near, the telephone; or
	(ii)	an identification number, or a code or other information (in numerical or any other form) has been input into a device that forms part of, is attached to, or is located near, the telephone; or
	(iii)	a prescribed act has been done.
12  Prescribed carriage services
		For the purposes of this Part, a prescribed carriage service is a carriage service specified in the regulations.
13  Supply of standard telephone services
	(1)	A reference in this Part to the supply of a standard telephone service includes a reference to the supply of:
	(a)	if the regulations prescribe customer equipment for the purposes of this paragraph—whichever of the following is applicable:
	(i)	that customer equipment;
	(ii)	if other customer equipment is supplied, instead of the first‑mentioned customer equipment, in order to comply with the Disability Discrimination Act 1992—that other customer equipment; and
	(b)	if paragraph (a) does not apply—whichever of the following is applicable:
	(i)	a telephone handset that does not have switching functions;
	(ii)	if other customer equipment is supplied, instead of such a handset, in order to comply with the Disability Discrimination Act 1992—that other customer equipment; and
	(c)	other goods of a kind specified in the regulations; and
	(d)	services of a kind specified in the regulations;
where the equipment, goods or services, as the case may be, are for use in connection with the standard telephone service.
	(2)	A reference in this Part to the supply of a standard telephone service includes a reference to the supply, to a person with a disability, of:
	(a)	customer equipment of a kind specified in the regulations; and
	(b)	other goods of a kind specified in the regulations; and
	(c)	services of a kind specified in the regulations;
where the equipment, goods or services, as the case may be, are for use in connection with the standard telephone service.
	(3)	In this section:
disability has the same meaning as in the Disability Discrimination Act 1992.
14  Supply of prescribed carriage services
		A reference in this Part to the supply of a prescribed carriage service includes a reference to the supply of:
	(a)	customer equipment of a kind specified in the regulations; and
	(b)	other goods of a kind specified in the regulations; and
	(c)	services of a kind specified in the regulations;
where the equipment, goods or services, as the case may be, are for use in connection with the prescribed carriage service.
15  Service area
		For the purposes of this Part, a service area is:
	(a)	a geographical area within Australia; or
	(b)	any area of land; or
	(c)	any premises or part of premises;
regardless of size.
16  Participating carriers 
	(1)	For the purposes of this Part, a person is a participating carrier in relation to a financial year if the person was a carrier at any time during the financial year.
	(2)	This section does not apply to a person if the person is of a kind declared by the regulations to be exempt from this section.
17  Eligible revenue
		For the purposes of this Part, the eligible revenue of a participating carrier for a financial year is the amount that, under the regulations, is taken to be the eligible revenue of the carrier for the financial year.
18  Approved auditor
	(1)	A reference in this Part to an approved auditor is a reference to a person included in a class of persons specified in a written determination made by the ACA for the purposes of this section.
	(2)	A copy of a determination under subsection (1) is to be published in the Gazette.

Division 2—Universal service obligation
19  Universal service obligation
	(1)	For the purposes of this Act, the universal service obligation is the obligation:
	(a)	to ensure that standard telephone services are reasonably accessible to all people in Australia on an equitable basis, wherever they reside or carry on business; and
	(b)	to ensure that payphones are reasonably accessible to all people in Australia on an equitable basis, wherever they reside or carry on business; and
	(c)	to ensure that prescribed carriage services are reasonably accessible to all people in Australia on an equitable basis, wherever they reside or carry on business.
	(2)	To the extent necessary to achieve the obligation mentioned in subsection (1), it is part of the universal service obligation:
	(a)	to supply standard telephone services to people in Australia on request; and
	(b)	to supply, install and maintain payphones in Australia; and
	(c)	to supply prescribed carriage services to people in Australia on request.
	(3)	The Minister may make a written determination that it is part of the universal service obligation to supply, install and maintain payphones at specified locations in Australia. The determination has effect accordingly.
	(4)	A copy of a determination under subsection (3) must be published in the Gazette.
	(5)	The regulations may prescribe, for the purpose of paragraph (1)(b), what is, or is not, necessary to ensure that payphones are reasonably accessible as mentioned in that paragraph, including:
	(a)	criteria for determining the locations of payphones; and
	(b)	the process for public consultation on the location of payphones; and
	(c)	the process for resolution of any complaints about the location of payphones.
	(6)	Subsection (3) does not limit the generality of subsection (5).
	(7)	Subsection (5) does not limit the generality of subsection (3).
	(8)	An obligation does not arise under paragraph (2)(a) in relation to particular equipment, goods or services the supply of which is treated under section 13 as the supply of a standard telephone service if the customer concerned requests not to be supplied with the equipment, goods or services.
	(9)	An obligation does not arise under paragraph (2)(c) in relation to particular equipment, goods or services the supply of which is treated under section 14 as the supply of a prescribed carriage service if the customer concerned requests not to be supplied with the equipment, goods or services.
	(10)	To avoid doubt, an obligation arising under paragraph (2)(a) in relation to customer equipment requires the customer concerned to be given the option of hiring the equipment.

Division 3—Universal service providers
20  Universal service providers 
	(1)	The Minister may make a written declaration stating that a specified carrier is the national universal service provider.
Note:	If a selection system has been determined under section 22, a declaration under this subsection must be consistent with the system.
	(2)	The Minister may make a written declaration stating that a specified carrier is the regional universal service provider for a specified service area.
Note:	If a selection system has been determined under section 23, a declaration under this subsection must be consistent with the system.
	(3)	A declaration under subsection (1) or (2) has effect accordingly.
	(4)	The Minister must exercise his or her powers under this section in such a way that:
	(a)	at any particular time, there is not more than one declaration in force under subsection (1); and
	(b)	no service area in relation to which a declaration is in force under subsection (2) overlaps (either wholly or in part) with another service area.
	(5)	A declaration under this section:
	(a)	takes effect at the start of the next financial year after the one in which it is made; and
	(b)	if it specifies a financial year at whose end it ceases to have effect—ceases to have effect at the end of that financial year, unless sooner revoked.
This subsection has effect subject to subsections (7), (8) and (9).
	(6)	A revocation of a declaration under this section takes effect:
	(a)	if it specifies a financial year at whose end it is to take effect—at the end of that financial year; or
	(b)	otherwise—at the end of the financial year in which it is made.
This subsection has effect subject to subsections (7) and (8).
	(7)	If:
	(a)	a declaration (the original declaration) is in force under subsection (1) in relation to a particular carrier; and
	(b)	a fresh declaration is made under subsection (1); and
	(c)	the fresh declaration is expressed to replace the original declaration with effect from a specified time; and
	(d)	the fresh declaration specifies another carrier;
then:
	(e)	the fresh declaration takes effect at that time; and
	(f)	the original declaration ceases to have effect at that time.
	(8)	If:
	(a)	a declaration (the original declaration) is in force under subsection (2) in relation to a particular carrier and in relation to a particular service area; and
	(b)	a fresh declaration is made under subsection (2); and
	(c)	the fresh declaration is expressed to replace the original declaration with effect from a specified time; and
	(d)	the fresh declaration specifies another carrier; and
	(e)	the service area specified in the fresh declaration is the same as the service area specified in the original declaration;
then:
	(f)	the fresh declaration takes effect at that time; and
	(g)	the original declaration ceases to have effect at that time.
	(9)	If:
	(a)	a declaration is in force under subsection (2) in relation to a particular carrier; and
	(b)	at a particular time, the carrier ceases to hold a carrier licence;
the declaration ceases to be in force at that time.
	(10)	A declaration under this section is a disallowable instrument for the purposes of section 46A of the Acts Interpretation Act 1901.
	(11)	A reference in this section to a carrier does not include a reference to a person of a kind declared by the regulations to be exempt from section 16.
21  Effect of universal service provider declaration
	(1)	The national universal service provider is the universal service provider:
	(a)	for Australia, except each service area in relation to which a declaration is in force under subsection 20(2); and
	(b)	for so much of any service area as is not within such an area.
	(2)	A regional universal service provider in relation to a particular service area is the universal service provider:
	(a)	for that area; and
	(b)	for each service area that is within that area.
Note:	If, at a particular time during a financial year, a carrier ceases to be the regional universal service provider for a particular service area and is not replaced as the regional universal service provider for that area by another carrier, the national universal service provider automatically becomes the universal service provider for that area.
	(3)	For the purposes of this Part, a person in relation to whom a declaration is in force under subsection 20(1) or (2) at any time during a financial year is a universal service provider in relation to the financial year.
	(4)	For the purposes of this Part, the areas for which a person is a universal service provider are taken to be a single area.
	(5)	The universal service provider for an area must take all reasonable steps to fulfil the universal service obligation, so far as the obligation relates to that area.
22  Selection system for national universal service provider
	(1)	The Minister may, by written instrument, determine a selection system for the purpose of selecting a carrier to be the national universal service provider in relation to specified financial years.
	(2)	A system so determined must require the selected carrier to have elected that:
	(a)	an amount specified in the election will be the carrier’s net universal service cost for the financial year concerned; or
	(b)	a method of ascertaining an amount, being a method specified in the election, will apply for the purposes of determining the carrier’s net universal service cost for the financial year concerned.
	(3)	A system so determined may require an applicant for selection to give the Minister a copy of the document that the applicant would be required to give to the Minister under section 27 in the event that the applicant is successful. This subsection does not, by implication, limit subsection (1).
	(4)	If a system has been determined under this section, the Minister must not exercise the powers conferred by subsection 20(1) in a way that is inconsistent with the system.
	(5)	This Part does not prevent a method mentioned in paragraph (2)(b) from being the same as a method that would have applied if the system concerned had not been determined.
	(6)	A determination under subsection (1) is a disallowable instrument for the purposes of section 46A of the Acts Interpretation Act 1901.
23  Selection system for regional universal service providers
	(1)	The Minister may, by written instrument, determine a selection system for the purpose of selecting carriers to be regional universal service providers for specified service areas in relation to specified financial years.
	(2)	A system so determined must require the selected carrier to have elected that:
	(a)	an amount specified in the election will be the carrier’s net universal service cost for the financial year concerned; or
	(b)	a method of ascertaining an amount, being a method specified in the election, will apply for the purposes of determining the carrier’s net universal service cost for the financial year concerned.
	(3)	A system so determined may require an applicant for selection to give the Minister a copy of the document that the applicant would be required to give to the Minister under section 27 in the event that the applicant is successful. This subsection does not, by implication, limit subsection (1).
	(4)	If a system has been determined under this section, the Minister must not exercise the powers conferred by subsection 20(2) in a way that is inconsistent with the system.
	(5)	This Part does not prevent a method mentioned in paragraph (2)(b) from being the same as a method that would have applied if the system concerned had not been determined.
	(6)	A determination under subsection (1) is a disallowable instrument for the purposes of section 46A of the Acts Interpretation Act 1901.
24  Selection systems—information‑gathering powers
	(1)	If the Minister has reason to believe that a carrier or carriage service provider has information that is relevant to:
	(a)	the exercise of the powers conferred on the Minister by subsection 22(1) or 23(1); or
	(b)	the administration of a system determined under subsection 22(1) or 23(1);
the Minister may, by written notice given to the carrier or provider, require the carrier or provider to give to the Minister, within the period and in the manner and form specified in the notice, any such information.
	(2)	A carrier or carriage service provider must comply with a requirement under subsection (1).
25  Multiple national universal service providers
	(1)	The regulations may authorise the Minister to declare that 2 or more carriers are to be national universal service providers.
	(2)	The regulations may also authorise the Minister to declare that this Act has effect, in relation to any such declared provider, as if the universal service obligation applicable to the provider were limited as set out in the declaration. However, declarations may only be made in accordance with this subsection for the purpose of dividing the universal service obligation between 2 or more declared providers.
	(3)	A declaration made in accordance with this section has effect accordingly.
	(4)	The regulations may provide that this Part applies in relation to any such declared providers subject to such modifications as are specified in the regulations.
	(5)	In this section:
modifications includes additions, omissions and substitutions.
26  Multiple regional universal service providers
	(1)	The regulations may authorise the Minister to declare that 2 or more carriers are to be regional universal service providers for the same service area.
	(2)	The regulations may also authorise the Minister to declare that this Act has effect, in relation to any such declared provider, as if the universal service obligation applicable to the provider were limited as set out in the declaration. However, declarations may only be made in accordance with this subsection for the purpose of dividing the universal service obligation between 2 or more declared providers.
	(3)	A declaration made in accordance with this section has effect accordingly.
	(4)	The regulations may provide that this Part applies in relation to any such declared providers subject to such modifications as are specified in the regulations.
	(5)	In this section:
modifications includes additions, omissions and substitutions.

Division 4—Universal service plans
27  Universal service provider must submit universal service plan
	(1)	A universal service provider for a particular area must give the Minister a draft universal service plan for that area.
	(2)	The provider must give the Minister the plan within 90 days after the provider became the universal service provider for that area.
28  Universal service plans
		A draft or approved universal service plan for an area is a plan that sets out how the universal service provider for that area will progressively fulfil the universal service obligation (in so far as the obligation relates to that area).
Note:	An approved universal service plan is a draft universal service plan that has been approved by the Minister.
29  Replacement of approved universal service plan
		If an approved universal service plan (the original plan) for an area is in force, a draft universal service plan for the area may be expressed to replace the original plan. When the draft plan becomes an approved universal service plan, the original plan ceases to be in force.
30  Approval of draft universal service plan by Minister
	(1)	If a universal service provider gives the Minister a draft universal service plan, the Minister must:
	(a)	approve the draft plan; or
	(b)	refuse to approve the draft plan.
	(2)	If the Minister approves the draft plan, the draft plan becomes an approved universal service plan.
	(3)	If the Minister refuses to approve the draft plan, the Minister may, by written notice given to the provider, direct the provider to give the Minister, within the period and in the terms specified in the direction, a fresh draft universal service plan for the area concerned. The provider must comply with the direction.
31  Public comment—draft plan
	(1)	Before giving the Minister a draft universal service plan under section 30, a universal service provider must:
	(a)	publish a preliminary version of the draft plan and invite members of the public to make submissions to the provider about the preliminary version within a specified period; and
	(b)	give consideration to any submissions received from members of the public within that period.
	(2)	The period specified in the invitation must run for at least 30 days.
	(3)	This section does not apply to a draft plan given to the Minister in accordance with a direction under subsection 30(3).
	(4)	This section does not apply to a draft plan given to the Minister in accordance with a notice under section 38.
32  Minister to have regard to certain matters
	(1)	In deciding whether to approve a draft universal service plan for an area, the Minister must have regard to whether:
	(a)	the plan provides for the universal service obligation (in so far as it relates to that area) to be fulfilled:
	(i)	as efficiently and economically as practicable; and
	(ii)	at performance standards that reasonably meet the social, industrial and commercial needs of the Australian community; and
	(iii)	progressively throughout that area within such period as the Minister considers reasonable; and
	(b)	the draft plan complies with any requirements in force under section 33.
	(2)	Subsection (1) does not, by implication, limit the matters to which regard may be had.
33  Minister may formulate requirements for draft plans
	(1)	The Minister may, by writing, formulate requirements to be complied with by draft universal service plans.
	(2)	The following are examples of requirements:
	(a)	timetables for the supply of services;
	(b)	performance standards relating to the fulfilment of the universal service obligation;
	(c)	the form of a draft universal service plan.
	(3)	An instrument under subsection (1) is a disallowable instrument for the purposes of section 46A of the Acts Interpretation Act 1901.
34  Notification of decision
	(1)	After deciding whether to approve a draft universal service plan for an area, the Minister must give a written notice setting out the decision to:
	(a)	the universal service provider for the area; and 
	(b)	the ACA.
	(2)	A copy of a notice under subsection (1) must be published in the Gazette.
	(3)	If the Minister refuses to approve a draft universal service plan for an area, the Minister must give a written notice setting out the reasons for the refusal to the universal service provider for the area.
35  Variation of approved universal service plan
	(1)	This section applies if:
	(a)	an approved universal service plan for an area (the current plan) is in force; and
	(b)	the universal service provider for the area gives the Minister a draft variation of the plan.
	(2)	The Minister must:
	(a)	approve the variation; or
	(b)	refuse to approve the variation.
	(3)	The Minister must not approve the variation unless the Minister is satisfied that, if it were assumed that the universal service provider were to give the Minister a draft universal service plan in the same terms as the current plan (as proposed to be varied), the Minister would approve that draft plan.
	(4)	After deciding whether to approve the variation, the Minister must give a written notice setting out the decision to:
	(a)	the universal service provider; and 
	(b)	the ACA.
	(5)	A copy of a notice under subsection (4) must be published in the Gazette.
	(6)	If the Minister refuses to approve the variation, the Minister must give a written notice setting out the reasons for the refusal to the universal service provider.
	(7)	If the Minister approves the variation, the current plan is varied accordingly.
36  Public comment—variation of plan
	(1)	Before giving the Minister a draft variation of a plan under section 35, a universal service provider must:
	(a)	publish a preliminary version of the draft variation and invite members of the public to make submissions to the provider about the preliminary version within a specified period; and
	(b)	give consideration to any submissions that were received from members of the public within that period.
	(2)	The period specified in the invitation must run for at least 30 days.
	(3)	This section does not apply to a draft variation given to the Minister in accordance with a notice under section 38.
37  Minister may direct the ACA to give reports and/or advice
	(1)	Before deciding whether to approve a draft universal service plan or a draft variation of an approved universal service plan, the Minister may direct the ACA to give the Minister such reports and/or advice as the Minister requires to assist in making the decision.
	(2)	The ACA must comply with the direction.
	(3)	This section does not, by implication, limit the Minister’s powers under section 486 of the Telecommunications Act 1997 (which deals with public inquiries).
38  Minister may direct variation or replacement of plan
	(1)	This section applies if an approved universal service plan (the current plan) for an area is in force.
	(2)	The Minister may give the universal service provider for the area a written notice requiring the provider:
	(a)	within the period and in the terms set out in the notice, to give the Minister a draft variation of the current plan; or
	(b)	within the period and in the terms set out in the notice, to give the Minister a fresh draft universal service plan for the area that is expressed to replace the current plan.
	(3)	The provider must comply with the notice.
39  Compliance with approved universal service plan
		If an approved universal service plan for an area is in force, the universal service provider for the area must take all reasonable steps to ensure that the plan is complied with.
40  Register of universal service plans
	(1)	The ACA is to maintain a Register in which the ACA includes all approved universal service plans currently in force.
	(2)	The Register may be maintained by electronic means.
	(3)	A person may, on payment of the charge (if any) fixed by a determination under section 53 of the Australian Communications Authority Act 1997:
	(a)	inspect the Register; and
	(b)	make a copy of, or take extracts from, the Register.
	(4)	For the purposes of this section, if the Register is maintained by electronic means, a person is taken to have made a copy of, or taken an extract from, the Register if the ACA gives the person a printout of, or of the relevant parts of, the Register.
	(5)	If a person requests that a copy be provided in an electronic form, the ACA may provide the relevant information:
	(a)	on a data processing device; or
	(b)	by way of electronic transmission.

Division 5—Regulation of universal service charges
41  Universal service charges
	(1)	This section applies if a person is the universal service provider for a particular area.
	(2)	For the purposes of this Division, a universal service charge is a charge imposed, or proposed to be imposed, by the person for:
	(a)	the supply of standard telephone services to persons in the area; or
	(b)	calls made from payphones in the area; or
	(c)	the supply of prescribed carriage services to persons in the area.
42  Declaration subjecting universal service charges to price control arrangements
	(1)	The Minister may, by notice published in the Gazette, declare that specified universal service charges are subject to price control arrangements under this Division.
	(2)	A declaration under subsection (1) is a disallowable instrument for the purposes of section 46A of the Acts Interpretation Act 1901.
43  Price control determinations 
	(1)	This section applies if a declaration is in force under section 42 in relation to a particular universal service charge.
	(2)	The Minister may make a written determination setting out:
	(a)	price‑cap arrangements and other price control arrangements that are to apply in relation to the charge; or
	(b)	principles or rules in accordance with which the universal service provider may impose or alter the charge;
or both.
	(3)	A determination has effect accordingly.
	(4)	A determination under this section takes effect at the start of the next financial year after the one in which it is made.
	(5)	A determination under this section may make different provision with respect to different customers. This section does not, by implication, limit subsection 33(3A) of the Acts Interpretation Act 1901.
	(6)	A determination under this section is a disallowable instrument for the purposes of section 46A of the Acts Interpretation Act 1901.
44  Content of price control determinations
	(1)	A determination under section 43 relating to a universal service charge may:
	(a)	prohibit the charge from being imposed or altered without the Minister’s consent; or
	(b)	prohibit the charge from being imposed or altered without the ACCC’s consent; or
	(c)	prohibit the charge from being imposed or altered without prior notice being given to the Minister; or
	(d)	prohibit the charge from being imposed or altered without prior notice being given to the ACCC; or
	(e)	empower the Minister to direct the ACCC to give the Minister such reports and advice as the Minister requires for the purposes of assisting the Minister in deciding whether to give a consent in accordance with the determination.
	(2)	Subsection (1) does not, by implication, limit section 43.
45  Price control determinations subject to determinations under Part 9
	(1)	This section applies if a determination under subsection 154(1) or 157(1) is in force in relation to a charge imposed, or proposed to be imposed, by Telstra.
	(2)	A determination under this Division is of no effect in so far as it relates to that charge.
46  Compliance with price control determinations
		A universal service provider must comply with a determination in force under this Division.

Division 6—Assessment, collection, recovery and distribution of universal service levy
Subdivision A—Introduction
47  Simplified outline
		The following is a simplified outline of this Division:
•	This Division sets out a scheme under which losses that result from supplying services in the course of fulfilling the universal service obligation are shared among carriers.
•	If a universal service provider incurs a loss (called a net universal service cost) from supplying services to certain areas (net cost areas) in the course of fulfilling the universal service obligation, the provider may be entitled to a payment (a levy credit) to recoup those losses.
•	A levy credit is funded out of the proceeds of the levy imposed on carriers by the Telecommunications (Universal Service Levy) Act 1997.
•	Certain information about the operation of the scheme is available to the public.
•	The ACA is required to make an annual assessment of levies and levy credits.
•	The ACA may make advances on account of levy credits.
•	Certain carriers are required to obtain guarantees given by third persons in relation to the discharge of the carriers’ liability for levy.
48  Financial year
		A reference in this Part to a financial year is a reference to the 1999‑2000 financial year or a later financial year.
Subdivision B—Net cost areas
49  Universal service provider must propose service areas for declaration as net cost areas—ordinary declaration
	(1)	This section applies if a person is a universal service provider on the first day of a financial year.
	(2)	Within 60 days after the beginning of the financial year, the person must give the ACA a written notice that:
	(a)	specifies service areas for which the person is the universal service provider and that, in the person’s opinion, the ACA should declare under section 50 as net cost areas for the financial year; and
	(b)	sets out why, in the person’s opinion, the ACA should so declare the specified areas.
	(3)	A notice under subsection (2) must be in a form approved in writing by the ACA.
	(4)	In addition to the matters set out in paragraphs (2)(a) and (b), a notice under subsection (2) must contain such other information (if any) as the approved form of notice requires.
50  Net cost areas—ordinary declarations
	(1)	The ACA must comply with this section within 60 days after receiving a notice under section 49 from a person. 
	(2)	For each service area specified in the notice, the ACA must decide:
	(a)	to declare the area as a net cost area for the financial year; or
	(b)	to declare as a net cost area for the financial year a service area if:
	(i)	the person is the universal service provider for the area; and
	(ii)	the area includes the whole or a part of the service area specified in the notice; or
	(c)	not to declare as mentioned in paragraph (a) or (b).
	(3)	If the ACA makes a decision under paragraph (2)(a) or (b), the ACA must make a written declaration stating that the area concerned is a net cost area for the financial year. The declaration has effect accordingly.
	(4)	Before making a decision under subsection (2), the ACA may make whatever inquiries it thinks necessary or desirable in order to determine what decision it should make under that subsection.
	(5)	In making a decision under subsection (2), the ACA must:
	(a)	have regard to the reasons specified in accordance with paragraph 49(2)(b); and
	(b)	comply with any directions in force under section 53.
51  Universal service provider may propose service areas for declaration as net cost areas—special declaration
	(1)	This section applies if a person is a universal service provider on the first day of a financial year.
	(2)	During the financial year, or within 45 days after the end of the financial year, the person may give the ACA written notice that:
	(a)	specifies service areas for which the person is the universal service provider and that, in the person’s opinion, the ACA should declare under section 52 as net cost areas for the financial year; and
	(b)	sets out why, in the person’s opinion, the ACA should so declare the specified areas.
	(3)	A notice under subsection (2) must be in a form approved in writing by the ACA. 
	(4)	In addition to the matters set out in paragraphs (2)(a) and (b), a notice under subsection (2) must contain such other information (if any) as the approved form of notice requires.
52  Net cost areas—special declarations
	(1)	The ACA must comply with this section within 30 days after receiving a notice under section 51 from a person.
	(2)	For each service area specified in the notice, the ACA must decide:
	(a)	to declare the area as a net cost area for the financial year; or
	(b)	not to declare as mentioned in paragraph (a).
	(3)	If the ACA makes a decision under paragraph (2)(a), the ACA must make a written declaration stating that the area concerned is a net cost area for the financial year. The declaration has effect accordingly.
	(4)	Before making a decision under subsection (2), the ACA may make whatever inquiries it thinks necessary or desirable in order to determine what decision it should make under that subsection.
	(5)	In making a decision under subsection (2), the ACA must:
	(a)	have regard to the reasons specified in accordance with paragraph 51(2)(b); and
	(b)	comply with any directions in force under section 53.
	(6)	The ACA must not make a declaration under this section stating that an area is a net cost area for the financial year unless the ACA is satisfied that:
	(a)	the person has incurred, or is likely to incur, a substantial loss attributable to the supply by the person of services to the area during the financial year; and
	(b)	the loss is wholly the result of circumstances beyond the person’s control; and
	(c)	when the person became aware of those circumstances, the person took all reasonable steps to minimise the loss.
	(7)	A reference in subsection (6) to a person supplying services to an area during a financial year is a reference to the person:
	(a)	supplying standard telephone services to persons in the area; or
	(b)	supplying, installing or maintaining payphones in the area; or
	(c)	supplying prescribed carriage services in the area;
during that financial year.
53  Minister may give directions about declaring net cost areas
		The Minister may give the ACA written directions about:
	(a)	the criteria it should apply; or
	(b)	the matters to which it should have regard; 
in deciding whether or not to declare an area as a net cost area for a financial year.
Subdivision C—Assessment of liability for levy and of entitlement to levy distributions
54  Claims for levy credit
	(1)	This section applies to a financial year if a person is a universal service provider in relation to the financial year.
	(2)	Within the period of 90 days after the end of the financial year, the person may give the ACA a written claim for a levy credit for that financial year.
	(3)	The claim must be in a form approved in writing by the ACA.
	(4)	The claim must set out:
	(a)	the person’s net universal service cost for the financial year (worked out under section 57); and
	(b)	details of how that net universal service cost has been worked out; and
	(c)	such other information (if any) as the approved form of claim requires.
	(5)	The claim must be accompanied by a report of an approved auditor that:
	(a)	is in a form approved in writing by the ACA; and
	(b)	states that the auditor has been given sufficient access to the person’s records in order to audit the claim; and
	(c)	states that the auditor has audited the claim; and
	(d)	contains a declaration of the opinion of the auditor, being a declaration in the terms specified in the form.
	(6)	A form approved by the ACA for the purposes of subsection (3) may provide for verification by a statutory declaration of statements in claims for levy credits.
55  No levy payable unless at least one claim for a levy credit is made
	(1)	This section applies to a financial year if, at the end of the period of 90 days after the end of the financial year, no claim for a levy credit for that financial year has been lodged under section 54.
	(2)	No person is liable to pay an amount of levy in respect of the financial year.
56  ACA to give copies of claims to other participating carriers 
	(1)	This section applies if a claim for a levy credit for a financial year is lodged under section 54.
	(2)	As soon as practicable, and in any case within 14 days, after the lodgment, the ACA must give a copy of the claim to each person (other than the person who lodged the claim) who is a participating carrier for that financial year.
57  Net universal service cost of a universal service provider for a financial year
	(1)	A person’s net universal service cost for a financial year depends on which of the following paragraphs is applicable for that financial year:
	(a)	if:
	(i)	the person is a universal service provider in relation to that financial year because of the operation of a selection system determined under section 22 or 23; and
	(ii)	the person has elected that a specified amount will be the person’s net universal service cost for the financial year;
		the person’s net universal service cost for the financial year is equal to that amount;
	(b)	if:
	(i)	the person is a universal service provider in relation to that financial year because of the operation of a selection system determined under section 22 or 23; and
	(ii)	the person has elected that a specified method of ascertaining an amount will apply for the purposes of determining the person’s net universal service cost for the financial year;
		the person’s net universal service cost for the financial year is worked out using that method;
	(c)	if:
	(i)	the person is a universal service provider in relation to that financial year; and
	(ii)	the person is not a universal service provider in relation to that financial year because of the operation of a selection system determined under section 22 or 23; and
	(iii)	a determination is in force under subsection (6) in relation to that financial year;
		the person’s net universal service cost for the financial year is worked out in accordance with the determination; 
	(d)	if:
	(i)	the person is a universal service provider in relation to that financial year; and
	(ii)	the person is not a universal service provider in relation to that financial year because of the operation of a selection system determined under section 22 or 23; and
	(iii)	no determination is in force under subsection (6) in relation to that financial year;
		then:
	(iv)	if the amount worked out using the formula in subsection (2) is greater than zero dollars—the person’s net universal service cost for the financial year is equal to that amount; or
	(v)	if the amount worked out using the formula in subsection (2) is not greater than zero dollars—the person’s net universal service cost for the financial year is zero dollars.
	(2)	The formula is:

where:
avoidable costs means:
	(a)	if a determination is in force under subsection (9)—the amount ascertained in accordance with the determination; or
	(b)	if no determination is in force under subsection (9)—the total of:
	(i)	the amount (if any) by which the total costs (in this definition called the operating costs) incurred by the person during that financial year (other than the allowances, costs and amounts referred to in subparagraphs (ii), (iii) and (iv)) exceed what it is reasonable to expect that the operating costs would have been if the person had not supplied services to net cost areas during the financial year; and
	(ii)	the amount (if any) by which the total allowances made by the person for depreciation during that financial year of capital items exceed what it is reasonable to expect that the total allowances so made would have been if the person had not supplied services to net cost areas during the financial year; and
	(iii)	the amount (if any) by which the person’s total opportunity costs of capital for that financial year exceed what it is reasonable to expect that those costs would have been if the person had not supplied services to net cost areas during the financial year; and
	(iv)	the amounts (if any) specified, for the purposes of this paragraph, in such provisions of determinations under section 60 as apply in relation to the person, in relation to the financial year, because of section 61.
revenue forgone means an amount equal to so much of the revenue earned by the person during that financial year as it is reasonable to expect that the person would not have earned during that financial year if the person had not supplied services to net cost areas during that financial year.
	(3)	A reference in subsection (2) to a person supplying services to net cost areas during a financial year is a reference to the person:
	(a)	supplying standard telephone services to persons in the net cost areas for that financial year for which the person was the universal service provider; or
	(b)	supplying, installing or maintaining payphones in those areas; or
	(c)	supplying prescribed carriage services in those areas;
during that financial year.
	(4)	If the person was a carrier for part only of the financial year, a reference in subsection (2) or (3) to the financial year is a reference to that part of the financial year.
	(5)	An amount applicable to a person under subsection (2) for a financial year must be determined in accordance with such provisions of determinations under section 60 as apply in relation to the person, in relation to the financial year, because of section 61.
	(6)	The Minister may make a written determination specifying a method of ascertaining an amount for the purposes of paragraph (1)(c). The determination has no effect unless each person who was a participating carrier immediately before the determination was made gave a written consent to the making of the determination.
	(7)	The amount worked out under a determination under subsection (6) may be zero dollars.
	(8)	A copy of a determination under subsection (6) must be published in the Gazette.
	(9)	The ACA may make a written determination specifying a method of ascertaining an amount for the purposes of paragraph (a) of the definition of avoidable costs in subsection (2).
	(10)	A determination under subsection (9) must provide for an amount to be ascertained wholly or partly by reference to an indexation factor.
	(11)	A determination under subsection (9):
	(a)	may only be made with the Minister’s consent; and
	(b)	is a disallowable instrument for the purposes of section 46A of the Acts Interpretation Act 1901.
	(12)	Before making a determination under subsection (9), the ACA must consult each person who was a participating carrier immediately before the determination was made.
58  Reduction of excessive costs etc. 
	(1)	The Minister may, by written instrument, formulate principles that are to be applied in determining the extent (if any) to which costs, allowances or opportunity costs of a kind mentioned in subparagraph (b)(i), (ii) or (iii) of the definition of avoidable costs in subsection 57(2) are to be treated as excessive for the purposes of subsection (2) of this section.
	(2)	For the purposes of the calculation of the formula in subsection 57(2) in relation to a particular financial year, if:
	(a)	any of the following conditions are satisfied:
	(i)	a person has incurred costs of a kind mentioned in subparagraph (b)(i) of the definition of avoidable costs in subsection 57(2); 
	(ii)	a person has made allowances of a kind mentioned in subparagraph (b)(ii) of that definition; 
	(iii)	a person has opportunity costs of a kind mentioned in subparagraph (b)(iii) of that definition; and
	(b)	the costs, allowances or opportunity costs are treated, under the principles in force under subsection (1), as excessive to any extent;
the amount of the costs, allowances or opportunity costs, as the case may be, is to be reduced by the amount of the excess.
	(3)	An instrument under subsection (1) is a disallowable instrument for the purposes of section 46A of the Acts Interpretation Act 1901.
59  Shortfalls in revenue earned
	(1)	The Minister may, by written instrument, formulate principles that are to be applied in determining the extent (if any) to which there is taken, for the purposes of subsection (2), to be a shortfall in relation to revenue earned as mentioned in the definition of revenue forgone in subsection 57(2).
	(2)	For the purposes of the calculation of the formula in subsection 57(2) in relation to a particular financial year, if:
	(a)	a person has earned revenue as mentioned in the definition of revenue forgone in subsection 57(2); and
	(b)	under the principles in force under subsection (1), there is taken to be a shortfall in relation to that revenue;
the amount of the revenue is to be increased by the amount of the shortfall.
	(3)	An instrument under subsection (1) is a disallowable instrument for the purposes of section 46A of the Acts Interpretation Act 1901.
60  ACA determinations about working out a universal service provider’s net universal service cost
	(1)	The ACA may make written determinations:
	(a)	for or in relation to specifying methods of calculating an amount referred to in:
	(i)	subparagraph (b)(i), (ii) or (iii) of the definition of avoidable costs in subsection 57(2); or
	(ii)	the definition of revenue forgone in subsection 57(2);
		as applying in relation to a universal service provider in relation to a financial year; or
	(b)	specifying amounts for the purposes of subparagraph (b)(iv) of the definition of avoidable costs in subsection 57(2) as so applying.
	(2)	An instrument under this section:
	(a)	may only be made with the Minister’s consent; and
	(b)	is a disallowable instrument for the purposes of section 46A of the Acts Interpretation Act 1901.
	(3)	Before making a determination in relation to a financial year under this section, the ACA must consult each person who was a participating carrier immediately before the determination was made.
61  Application of determinations under section 60
	(1)	Except so far as the contrary intention appears in a determination under section 60, a provision of such a determination applies in relation to:
	(a)	the first financial year that ends after the commencement of the last‑mentioned provision; and
	(b)	each later financial year.
	(2)	Despite anything in an instrument under section 60, but subject to subsection (4) of this section, a provision of a determination under that section does not apply in relation to a financial year ending before the commencement of that provision.
	(3)	A person may elect in writing that a provision that, apart from subsection (4), does not apply in relation to the person in relation to a particular financial year is to apply in relation to the person in relation to that financial year. 
	(4)	An election under subsection (3) has effect accordingly.
	(5)	In this section:
commencement, in relation to a provision of a determination under section 60, means:
	(a)	in the case of such a provision as originally in effect—the time when the provision took effect; or
	(b)	in the case of a provision as varied by another provision of an instrument under section 60—the time when the last‑mentioned provision took effect.
62  Participating carriers must lodge returns of eligible revenue 
	(1)	Within 90 days after the end of a financial year, each participating carrier in relation to that financial year must give the ACA a written return of the carrier’s eligible revenue for that financial year.
	(2)	The return must be in a form approved in writing by the ACA.
	(3)	The return must set out:
	(a)	the carrier’s eligible revenue for that financial year; and
	(b)	details of how that eligible revenue was worked out; and
	(c)	such other information (if any) as the approved form of return requires.
	(4)	A person who intentionally or recklessly contravenes subsection (1) is guilty of an offence punishable on conviction by a fine not exceeding 50 penalty units.
Note: 	See also sections 4AA and 4B of the Crimes Act 1914.
	(5)	A form approved by the ACA for the purposes of subsection (2) may provide for verification by a statutory declaration of statements in returns under this section.
	(6)	The return must be accompanied by a report of an approved auditor that:
	(a)	is in a form approved in writing by the ACA; and
	(b)	states that the auditor has been given sufficient access to the person’s records in order to audit the return; and
	(c)	states that the auditor has audited the return; and
	(d)	contains a declaration of the opinion of the auditor, being a declaration in the terms specified in the form.
63  ACA may inquire into the correctness of a claim or return
		The ACA may make whatever inquiries it thinks necessary or desirable in order to determine:
	(a)	whether or not a claim by a universal service provider for a levy credit for a financial year correctly states the universal service provider’s net universal service cost for that financial year; or
	(b)	whether or not a return by a participating carrier of the carrier’s eligible revenue for a financial year correctly states the carrier’s eligible revenue for that financial year.
64  ACA to assess liabilities and entitlement
	(1)	For each financial year, the ACA must make a written assessment for the purposes of this Part.
	(2)	The assessment must set out, for each participating carrier in relation to that financial year:
	(a)	the carrier’s eligible revenue for the financial year; and
	(b)	the carrier’s levy debit under section 67 for the financial year; and
	(c)	the carrier’s levy debit balance (if any) under section 68 for the financial year; and
	(d)	if the assessment sets out a levy debit balance of the carrier for the financial year—the levy payable by the carrier on that levy debit balance.
	(3)	The assessment must set out, for each universal service provider in relation to that financial year:
	(a)	the universal service provider’s net universal service cost for the financial year; and
	(b)	the universal service provider’s levy credit balance (if any) under section 69 for the financial year; and
	(c)	if the assessment sets out a levy credit balance of the universal service provider for the financial year—the amount payable to the universal service provider under section 85 for the financial year.
	(4)	The assessment must be made on the basis of:
	(a)	the respective claims for levy credits lodged by universal service providers in relation to the financial year; and
	(b)	the respective returns under section 62 lodged by the participating carriers in relation to the financial year; and
	(c)	the information and documents obtained by the ACA because of its inquiries under section 63; and
	(d)	any other information or documents that the ACA has and that it thinks relevant to making the assessment.
	(5)	Despite anything in this Part, the ACA may, for the purposes of making its assessment, accept, either in whole or in part, a statement in a claim or return.
65  Explanation to the Minister if assessment not made within 270 days
	(1)	This section applies if the ACA has not made its assessment under section 64 in relation to a financial year within 270 days after the end of the financial year.
	(2)	The ACA must give the Minister a written statement explaining why the ACA has not made its assessment within that 270‑day period.
	(3)	In this section:
assessment does not include an amended assessment.
66  Amendment of assessments
	(1)	The ACA may amend its assessment by making such alterations and additions as it thinks necessary, even if levy credits or levy has been paid in respect of the assessment.
	(2)	Unless the contrary intention appears, an amended assessment is taken, for the purposes of this Part, to be an assessment under section 64.
67  Levy debit of a participating carrier for a financial year
	(1)	A participating carrier’s levy debit for a financial year is the amount worked out using the formula:

where:
contribution factor has the meaning given by subsection (2).
total net universal service cost means the total net universal service costs for the financial year of all the universal service providers in relation to the financial year.
	(2)	The contribution factor for the financial year depends on whether a determination is in force under subsection (3) in relation to the financial year:
	(a)	if a determination is in force under subsection (3) in relation to the financial year—the contribution factor is ascertained in accordance with the determination;
	(b)	if no determination is in force under subsection (3) in relation to the financial year—the contribution factor is worked out using the following formula:

		where:
		carrier’s eligible revenue means the participating carrier’s eligible revenue for the financial year.
		total eligible revenue means the total eligible revenue for the financial year of all the participating carriers in relation to the financial year.
	(3)	The Minister may make a written determination specifying a method of ascertaining the contribution factor for the purposes of paragraph (2)(a). The determination has no effect unless each person who was a participating carrier immediately before the determination was made gave a written consent to the making of the determination.
	(4)	A copy of a determination under subsection (3) must be published in the Gazette.
68  Levy debit balance of a participating carrier for a financial year
		If a person’s levy debit under subsection 67(1) for a financial year exceeds the person’s net universal service cost for that financial year:
	(a)	the person has a levy debit balance for that financial year; and
	(b)	the amount of that balance is the amount of the excess.
69  Levy credit balance of a universal service provider for a financial year
		If a person’s net universal service cost for a financial year exceeds the person’s levy debit under subsection 67(1) for that financial year:
	(a)	the person has a levy credit balance for that financial year; and
	(b)	the amount of that balance is the amount of the excess.
70  Publication of assessment
		As soon as practicable after making an assessment under section 64 for a financial year, the ACA must:
	(a)	cause a copy of the assessment to be published in the Gazette; and
	(b)	give a copy of the assessment to each participating carrier in relation to that financial year.
Subdivision D—Disclosure by the ACA of information about decisions relating to net cost areas and assessments
71  Public may request information
	(1)	A person may request the ACA to make available to the person:
	(a)	specified information or documents on the basis of which the ACA has made its assessment under section 64 for a financial year; or
	(b)	specified information about how the ACA has worked out the matters that such an assessment sets out because of subsection 64(2) or (3); or
	(c)	specified information or documents relating to a decision by the ACA under section 50 or 52 to declare an area as a net cost area for a financial year.
	(2)	The ACA must comply with a request as provided in section 73. This subsection has effect subject to subsection (3).
	(3)	The ACA must not make available under this section:
	(a)	information (other than information prescribed for the purposes of this paragraph):
	(i)	that was obtained from, or relates to, a person who is a universal service provider in relation to a financial year; and
	(ii)	the making available of which under this section can reasonably be expected to cause substantial damage to the person referred to in subparagraph (i); or
	(b)	information prescribed for the purposes of this paragraph; or
	(c)	so much of a document as sets out information of a kind referred to in paragraph (a) or (b).
72  Request for information that is unavailable under section 71
	(1)	For the purposes of this section, each of the following persons is an eligible person:
	(a)	a person who is a universal service provider in relation to a financial year; 
	(b)	a person who is a participating carrier in relation to a financial year.
	(2)	An eligible person may request the ACA to make available to it specified information or documents of a kind referred to in subsection 71(1) that subsection 71(3) prevents the ACA from making available to the eligible person under section 71.
	(3)	The ACA must comply with a request as provided for in section 73. This section has effect subject to subsection (4).
	(4)	The ACA must not, under this section, make available to an eligible person (in this section called the first eligible person) information, or so much of a document as sets out information:
	(a)	that was obtained from, or relates to, another eligible person; and
	(b)	the making available of which to the first eligible person can reasonably be expected to cause substantial damage to the other eligible person’s commercial or other interests;
unless the ACA is satisfied:
	(c)	that the information could be obtained by the first eligible person lawfully, and without the other eligible person’s consent, from a source other than the ACA; or
	(d)	in the case of a request under paragraph 71(1)(a) or (b)—that:
	(i)	the first eligible person has made the request in good faith for the sole purpose of informing itself about the basis on which, or the methods by which, the ACA made the assessment concerned; and
	(ii)	having regard to the policy principles in section 9, the first eligible person’s interest in being able to examine that basis and those methods in order to see how its liability to pay levy, or its entitlement to a payment under section 85, as the case requires, has been assessed outweighs the other eligible person’s interest in avoiding the damage referred to in paragraph (b); or
	(e)	in the case of a request under paragraph 71(1)(c)—that:
	(i)	the first eligible person has made the request in good faith for the sole purpose of informing itself about the basis on which, or the methods by which, the ACA made the decision to make the declaration concerned; and
	(ii)	having regard to the policy principles in section 9, the first eligible person’s interest in being able to examine that decision outweighs the other eligible person’s interest in avoiding the damage referred to in paragraph (b).
	(5)	In determining the question referred to in paragraph (4)(b), the ACA must have regard to:
	(a)	whether any undertakings have been given under subsection (6) and, if so, the nature of those undertakings; and
	(b)	such other matters (if any) as the ACA considers relevant.
	(6)	For the purposes of this section, a person may give the ACA a written undertaking that, in the event that specified information, or the whole or a part of a specified document, is made available to the person under this section, the person will not disclose the information, or the contents of the document, except to one or more specified persons.
Note:	Information, documents or persons may be specified by name, by inclusion in a class or in any other way.
	(7)	If a person gives an undertaking under subsection (6), the person must comply with the undertaking.
73  How the ACA is to comply with a request
	(1)	The ACA may comply with a request by a person under section 71 or 72 by:
	(a)	communicating information to the person in writing or in some other form; or
	(b)	making documents available for inspection by the person or by an employee, agent or professional adviser of the person; or
	(c)	giving to the person copies of, extracts from, or summaries of, documents.
	(2)	In this section:
document includes a part of a document.
Subdivision E—Collection and recovery of levy
74  When levy payable
		Levy assessed under section 64 becomes due and payable on the 28th day after the ACA gives a copy of the assessment to the participating carrier in respect of which the levy has been assessed.
75  Levy a debt due to the Commonwealth
		Levy may be recovered in a court of competent jurisdiction as a debt due to the Commonwealth.
76  Validity of assessment
		The validity of an assessment under section 64 is not affected by a contravention of this Act.
77  Evidence of assessment
	(1)	This section applies if there is produced:
	(a)	a copy of the Gazette that sets out what purports to be a copy of an assessment made under section 64; or
	(b)	a document that purports to be such a copy.
	(2)	Except so far as the contrary is established, it must be presumed:
	(a)	that the copy of the Gazette sets out, or that the document is, as the case may be, a copy of such an assessment; and
	(b)	that the ACA has duly made the assessment; and
	(c)	that the amounts and other particulars set out in the assessment are correct.
78  Onus of establishing incorrectness of assessment
		In any proceeding, the onus of establishing that an assessment under section 64 is incorrect is on the party making that assertion.
79  Refund of overpayment of levy
		If there is an overpayment of levy, the overpayment is to be refunded.
80  Cancellation of certain exemptions from levy
	(1)	This section cancels the effect of a provision of another Act that would have the effect of exempting a person from liability to pay levy.
	(2)	The cancellation does not apply if the provision of the other Act is enacted after the commencement of this section and refers specifically to levy imposed by the Telecommunications (Universal Service Levy) Act 1997.
81  Commonwealth not liable to levy
	(1)	The Commonwealth is not liable to pay levy.
	(2)	A reference in this section to the Commonwealth includes a reference to an authority of the Commonwealth that cannot, by law of the Commonwealth, be made liable to taxation by the Commonwealth. 
Subdivision F—Distribution of levy
82  Universal Service Reserve
	(1)	The Universal Service Reserve that was, immediately before the commencement of this section, in existence because of section 211 of the Telecommunications Act 1997 continues in existence under and subject to the provisions of this Act.
	(2)	The Universal Service Reserve is a component of the Reserved Money Fund.
	(3)	The Universal Service Reserve is to be administered by the Department.
83  Payments into Universal Service Reserve
		There must be transferred to the Universal Service Reserve from the Consolidated Revenue Fund:
	(a)	amounts equal to amounts of levy paid under this Part; and
	(b)	money appropriated by law for the Universal Service Reserve’s purposes; and
	(c)	amounts equal to interest from the investment of money in the Universal Service Reserve; and
	(d)	amounts equal to amounts that were overpaid under section 85 and have been recovered; and
	(e)	amounts equal to amounts paid under section 89.
84  Purposes of Universal Service Reserve
	(1)	The purposes of the Universal Service Reserve are:
	(a)	making payments under section 85 or 88; and
	(b)	refunding any overpaid amounts of levy; and
	(c)	refunding any other amounts paid into the Universal Service Reserve in error; and
	(d)	reimbursing the Commonwealth for:
	(i)	the costs or expenses incurred by the Commonwealth or the ACA in administering the Telecommunications (Universal Service Levy) Act 1997 and this Division during any period; and
	(ii)	without limiting subparagraph (i), costs or expenses incurred in connection with recovering levy; and
	(iii)	costs incurred by the Commonwealth during the period in collecting, compiling, analysing and publishing information about the operation of that Act and this Division.
	(2)	For the purposes of paragraph (1)(d), the Minister administering the Financial Management and Accountability Act 1997 may, from time to time, determine the amount of a reimbursement to be made to the Commonwealth in relation to a period on such basis as he or she thinks appropriate.
	(3)	Despite subsection (2), the total of the amounts reimbursed under paragraph (1)(d) must not exceed the total of the amounts paid into the Universal Service Reserve under paragraphs 83(b) and (c).
85  Levy distribution to a universal service provider 
		If a person has a levy credit balance for a financial year because of section 69, an amount equal to the amount of that balance is payable to the person out of the Universal Service Reserve.
86  Levy not to be distributed until paid
		No amount is payable under section 85 in relation to a financial year unless and until:
	(a)	the ACA has made an assessment under section 64 for that financial year; and
	(b)	each participating carrier in respect of which levy was assessed has paid the levy.
87  Recovery of overpayments
	(1)	For the purposes of this section, an overpaid amount is so much of an amount paid under section 85 as represents an overpayment.
	(2)	An overpaid amount is a debt due to the Commonwealth.
	(3)	An overpaid amount may be recovered by the Commonwealth by action in a court of competent jurisdiction.
	(4)	If a person is liable to pay an overpaid amount, the overpaid amount may be deducted from one or more other amounts that are payable to the person under this Part, and if it is so deducted, the other amounts are taken to have been paid in full to the person.
Subdivision G—Advance on account of distribution of levy
88  Advance on account of distribution of levy
		If the ACA is satisfied that, because of special circumstances, it is appropriate to do so, the ACA may, on behalf of the Commonwealth, make an advance on account of payments that may become payable to a person under section 85 in relation to a financial year.
89  Repayment of excess advances
	(1)	If:
	(a)	a person has received a total amount, by way of advances on account of payments that may become payable to the person under section 85 in relation to a particular financial year; and
	(b)	that total amount is greater than the amount that became payable to the person under section 85 in relation to that financial year;
the person is liable to pay to the Commonwealth the amount of the excess.
	(2)	If a person is liable to pay an amount to the Commonwealth under subsection (1):
	(a)	the amount may be recovered, as a debt due to the Commonwealth, by action in a court of competent jurisdiction; or
	(b)	the amount may be deducted from any other amount that is payable to the person under this Part, and if the amount is so deducted, the other amount is taken to have been paid in full to the person.
Subdivision H—Levy guarantee
90  Levy guarantee
	(1)	This section applies to a person (the first person) at a particular time if:
	(a)	the first person is a carrier at that time; or
	(b)	the first person ceased to be a carrier during the 2‑year period that ended at that time.
	(2)	The first person must ensure that, at that time, there is in force a guarantee given by a third person in respect of the discharge of the first person’s liability (if any) for levy.
	(3)	The third person must be:
	(a)	a body corporate that is an ADI (authorised deposit‑taking institution) for the purposes of the Banking Act 1959; or
	(b)	the Reserve Bank of Australia; or
	(c)	a body corporate formed under the law of a State or Territory to carry on the business of banking within Australia; or
	(d)	a body corporate whose sole or principal business is the provision of financial accommodation to other persons, where the body corporate is a registered corporation within the meaning of the Financial Corporations Act 1974; or
	(e)	a body corporate accredited in writing by the ACA for the purposes of this paragraph.
	(4)	A reference in this section to a carrier does not include a reference to a person who, under subsection 16(2), is exempt from section 16.
91  Exemptions from levy guarantee
	(1)	A person is exempt from section 90 if the person held a general telecommunications licence, or a public mobile licence, that was in force under the Telecommunications Act 1991 on 30 June 1997.
	(2)	The ACA may make a written determination exempting a specified person from section 90 if:
	(a)	in the ACA’s opinion, there is no reasonable likelihood that the person will incur a liability for levy; or
	(b)	both:
	(i)	the person has held a carrier licence for at least 2 years; and
	(ii)	in the ACA’s opinion, there is no significant risk that the person will fail to discharge fully the person’s liability for levy.
	(3)	A determination under subsection (2) has effect accordingly.
92  Compliance with levy guarantee obligations
	(1)	A person must not contravene section 90.
	(2)	A person must not:
	(a)	aid, abet, counsel or procure a contravention of subsection (1); or
	(b)	induce, whether by threats or promises or otherwise, a contravention of subsection (1); or
	(c)	be in any way, directly or indirectly, knowingly concerned in, or party to, a contravention of subsection (1); or
	(d)	conspire with others to effect a contravention of subsection (1).
	(3)	Subsections (1) and (2) are civil penalty provisions.
Note:	Part 31 of the Telecommunications Act 1997 provides for pecuniary penalties for breaches of civil penalty provisions.

Part 3—The National Relay Service
Division 1—Introduction
93  Simplified outline
		The following is a simplified outline of this Part:
•	Provision is made for the National Relay Service (NRS).
•	The NRS provides persons who are deaf or who have a hearing and/or speech impairment with access to a standard telephone service on terms, and in circumstances, that are comparable to the access other Australians have to a standard telephone service.
94  Definitions
		In this Part:
levy quarter means a quarter for which NRS levy is payable.
National Relay Service or NRS has the meaning given by subsection 95(1).
NRS contract means the contract under which the National Relay Service is provided.
NRS levy means the levy payable in accordance with this Part.
NRS provider means the person who provides the National Relay Service.
NRS service plan means a plan referred to in subsection 95(2).
quarter means a period of 3 months ending on 30 September, 31 December, 31 March or 30 June.
taxpayer, for a quarter, means a person who is liable to pay NRS levy for the quarter.

Division 2—The National Relay Service
95  The National Relay Service (the NRS)
	(1)	A reference in this Part to the National Relay Service (or NRS) is a reference to a service that:
	(a)	provides persons who are deaf, or who have a hearing and/or speech impairment, with access to a standard telephone service on terms, and in circumstances, that are comparable to those on which other Australians have access to a standard telephone service; and
	(b)	is provided by a person under a contract with the Commonwealth.
	(2)	The NRS contract must provide for the NRS provider to prepare service plans for the NRS. The service plan must include at least the following matters:
	(a)	timetables for the supply of the NRS; and
	(b)	performance standards to be met by the NRS provider.
	(3)	The Minister must arrange for each NRS service plan to be published in whatever manner the Minister considers appropriate.
96  Publication of costs of providing the NRS
	(1)	Before the start of each levy quarter, the NRS provider must give the Minister a written estimate of the total cost of the provider in providing the NRS during the quarter. The estimate must be prepared in accordance with the NRS contract. The Minister must cause the estimate to be published in the Gazette.
	(2)	Within 30 days after the end of each levy quarter, the NRS provider must give the Minister a written statement of the total cost of the provider in providing the NRS during the quarter. The statement must be prepared in accordance with the NRS contract. The Minister must cause the statement to be published in the Gazette.
97  ACA reports and advice about NRS service plans
	(1)	The ACA must monitor all significant matters relating to the performance by the NRS provider of the provider’s obligations under an NRS service plan.
	(2)	As soon as practicable after the end of each financial year, the ACA must give a written report to the Minister about the performance by the NRS provider during the financial year of the provider’s obligations under an NRS service plan.
	(3)	The Minister must cause a copy of the report to be laid before each House of the Parliament within 15 sitting days of that House after the Minister receives the report.
	(4)	In addition to the report under subsection (2), the ACA must give the Minister such reports or advice as the Minister requires in relation to the NRS service plan.
	(5)	A reference in this section to a financial year is a reference to the 1999‑2000 financial year or a later financial year.

Division 3—The NRS levy
98  Levy quarters
		NRS levy is payable for each of the quarters in a financial year, starting with the 1999‑2000 financial year.
99  Persons liable to pay levy (taxpayers)
		NRS levy for a quarter is payable by each person who:
	(a)	is a participating carrier in relation to the financial year in which the quarter occurs; and
	(b)	is covered by the most recent section 64 assessment made before the start of the quarter.
100  Amount of levy
	(1)	The total levy for a quarter (the current quarter) is calculated as follows:
	(a)	the starting point is the estimated NRS cost for the current quarter (the current estimate);
	(b)	if there is a levy shortfall for the previous quarter, then that shortfall is added to the current estimate;
	(c)	if there is a levy surplus for the previous quarter, then that surplus is deducted from the current estimate.
	(2)	Each taxpayer’s NRS contribution amount for the current quarter is calculated as follows:

Note:	Levy is imposed on the NRS contribution amount by the NRS Levy Imposition Act 1997.
	(3)	In this section:
actual NRS cost, for a quarter, means the amount published for the quarter under subsection 96(2).
eligible revenue, for a taxpayer for a quarter, means the taxpayer’s eligible revenue as shown in the most recent section 64 assessment made before the start of the quarter.
estimated NRS cost, for a quarter, means the amount published for the quarter under subsection 96(1).
levy shortfall, for a quarter, means the amount by which the estimated NRS cost for the quarter falls short of the actual NRS cost for the quarter.
levy surplus, for a quarter, means the amount by which the estimated NRS cost for the quarter exceeds the actual NRS cost for the quarter.
101  Payment of levy
	(1)	NRS levy is payable to the ACA on behalf of the Commonwealth.
	(2)	A person who is liable to pay NRS levy for a quarter must pay it to the ACA on or before the 14th day of the second month in the quarter.
	(3)	Unpaid NRS levy may be recovered as a debt in a court of competent jurisdiction, by the ACA acting on behalf of the Commonwealth.

Division 4—The NRS Reserve
102  The NRS Reserve
	(1)	The NRS Reserve that was, immediately before the commencement of this section, in existence because of section 221I of the Telecommunications Act 1997 continues in existence under and subject to the provisions of this Act.
	(2)	The NRS Reserve is a component of the Reserved Money Fund.
	(3)	The purpose of the NRS Reserve is to make payments to the NRS provider under the NRS contract.
	(4)	The following amounts must be transferred to the NRS Reserve from the Consolidated Revenue Fund:
	(a)	amounts of NRS levy that are credited to the Consolidated Revenue Fund;
	(b)	interest from the investment of money in the NRS Reserve.

Part 4—Continued access to untimed local calls
  
103  Simplified outline
		The following is a simplified outline of this Part:
•	Local calls are to be charged for on an untimed basis.
104  Requirement to provide an untimed local call option
		If a carriage service provider charges an eligible customer for eligible local calls made using a standard telephone service supplied to the customer, the provider must give the customer an untimed local call option.
Note 1:	Eligible customer is defined by section 110.
Note 2:	Eligible local call is defined by section 106.
Note 3:	Untimed local call option is defined by section 105.
105  Untimed local call option
	(1)	For the purposes of this Part, if a carriage service provider charges an eligible customer for eligible local calls made using a standard telephone service supplied to the customer, the provider gives the customer an untimed local call option if, and only if, the service is supplied to the customer on terms and conditions under which:
	(a)	the customer may choose, on connection of the service, to have the charges for eligible local calls that are made using the service worked out on an untimed basis; and
	(b)	if the customer chooses as mentioned in paragraph (a)—the carriage service provider must not work out the charges for such calls in any other way except with the customer’s written consent; and
	(c)	if the customer:
	(i)	does not choose as mentioned in paragraph (a); or
	(ii)	consents to having the charges for such calls worked out otherwise than on an untimed basis;
		the customer may later give the carriage service provider a written notice to the effect that the customer wishes the charges for such calls to be worked out on an untimed basis; and
	(d)	if the customer gives the carriage service provider such a notice—the carriage service provider:
	(i)	must, in respect of the earliest practicable period beginning after it receives the notice, work out the charges for such calls on an untimed basis; and
	(ii)	must not, in respect of a period after the period referred to in subparagraph (i), work out the charges for such calls in any other way except with the customer’s written consent.
Note 1:	Eligible customer is defined by section 110.
Note 2:	Untimed basis is defined by subsection (2).
	(2)	For the purposes of this section, charges for eligible local calls are worked out on an untimed basis if, and only if, the charges for those calls are worked out by reference to the number of such calls made during a particular period, regardless of how long each call lasted.
106  Eligible local calls
	(1)	For the purposes of the application of this Part to a carriage service provider who charges for a call made using a standard telephone service supplied to an eligible customer in a particular standard zone, being an eligible customer who is a residential/charity customer, if the call:
	(a)	is made between points in the applicable zone in relation to the provider and in relation to the customer; and
	(b)	is either:
	(i)	of a kind that, immediately before 20 September 1996, a general carrier offered to supply, or supplied, on an untimed basis between points in that standard zone; or
	(ii)	made using a standard telephone service supplied to the customer in fulfilment of the universal service obligation;
the call is an eligible local call unless the call involves the use, by at least one party to the call, of a public mobile telecommunications service, or a satellite service, that is not supplied to that party in fulfilment of the universal service obligation.
Note 1:	Eligible customer is defined by section 110.
Note 2:	Standard zone is defined by section 108.
Note 3:	Applicable zone is defined by section 109.
Note 4:	Untimed basis is defined by subsection (3).
	(2)	For the purposes of the application of this Part to a carriage service provider who charges for a call made using a standard telephone service supplied to an eligible customer in a particular standard zone, being an eligible customer who is not a residential/charity customer, if the call:
	(a)	is a voice call or, if a voice call is not practical for a particular end‑user with a disability, a call that is equivalent to a voice call; and
	(b)	is made between points in the applicable zone in relation to the provider and in relation to the customer; and
	(c)	is either:
	(i)	of a kind that, immediately before 20 September 1996, a general carrier offered to supply, or supplied, on an untimed basis between points in that standard zone; or
	(ii)	made using a standard telephone service supplied to the customer in fulfilment of the universal service obligation;
the call is an eligible local call unless the call involves the use, by at least one party to the call, of a public mobile telecommunications service, or a satellite service, that is not supplied to that party in fulfilment of the universal service obligation.
Note 1:	Eligible customer is defined by section 110.
Note 2:	Standard zone is defined by section 108.
Note 3:	Applicable zone is defined by section 109.
Note 4:	Untimed basis is defined by subsection (3).
	(3)	For the purposes of this section, calls of a particular kind are supplied on an untimed basis if, and only if, the charges for the calls of that kind are worked out by reference to the number of such calls made during a particular period, regardless of how long each call lasted.
	(4)	In this section:
general carrier means a person who held a general telecommunications licence under the Telecommunications Act 1991 immediately before 20 September 1996.
residential/charity customer means:
	(a)	a residential customer; or
	(b)	a customer that is:
	(i)	a charitable body or organisation; or
	(ii)	a welfare body or organisation.
satellite service means a carriage service, where customer equipment used in connection with the supply of the service communicates directly with a satellite‑based facility.
107  Benefits for customers outside standard zones
	(1)	For the purposes of this section, if a customer of a carriage service provider is in Australia, but is not in a standard zone, the customer is a designated customer.
	(2)	The regulations may formulate a scheme to give benefits to designated customers, where the benefits:
	(a)	relate to charges for calls made using a standard telephone service supplied to the customer; and
	(b)	are comparable to the benefits given to eligible customers under section 104 (which deals with the requirement to provide an untimed local call option).
	(3)	For the purposes of subsection (2), a comparison of benefits is to have regard to (among other things), the ability to make calls to essential business and community services on an untimed basis.
	(4)	Regulations made for the purposes of subsection (2) may impose requirements on carriage service providers.
	(5)	A carriage service provider must comply with any applicable requirements imposed by regulations made for the purposes of subsection (2).
	(6)	The Minister must take all reasonable steps to ensure that, at all times after the commencement of this section, regulations are in force for the purposes of subsection (2).
	(7)	For the purposes of this section, charges for particular calls are worked out on an untimed basis if, and only if, the charges for those calls are worked out by reference to the number of such calls made during a particular period, regardless of how long each call lasted.
108  Standard zones
	(1)	For the purposes of this Part, if:
	(a)	immediately before 1 July 1991, Telecom supplied, or offered to supply, to persons within a particular area within Australia, a carriage service that was, immediately before that date, a standard telephone service (within the meaning of the Telecommunications Act 1991); and
	(b)	under the terms and conditions on which Telecom supplied, or would supply, that service to persons in that area, the charges for calls of a particular kind between points within that area made using the service were, or would be, worked out on an untimed basis;
that area is a standard zone.
Note:	Untimed basis is defined by subsection (2).
	(2)	For the purposes of this section, charges for calls of a particular kind are worked out on an untimed basis if, and only if, the charges for the calls of that kind are worked out by reference to the number of such calls made during a particular period, regardless of how long each call lasted.
	(3)	In this section:
Telecom means the Australian Telecommunications Corporation, as it existed immediately before 1 July 1991.
109  Applicable zones
	(1)	A reference in this Part to the applicable zone in relation to a carriage service provider and in relation to an eligible customer, being a customer in a particular standard zone, is a reference to whichever of the following is applicable:
	(a)	if:
	(i)	the provider is the universal service provider for the customer; and
	(ii)	there is in force a written notice given to the ACA by the provider nominating a specified area as a nominated area; and
	(iii)	the customer is in the nominated area and chooses to adopt that nominated area as the applicable zone in relation to the provider and in relation to the customer;
		the nominated area;
	(b)	if:
	(i)	the provider is the universal service provider for the customer; and
	(ii)	paragraph (a) does not apply;
		the standard zone;
	(c)	if:
	(i)	the provider is not the universal service provider for the customer; and
	(ii)	there is in force a written notice given to the ACA by the provider nominating a specified area as a nominated area; and
	(iii)	the customer is in the nominated area;
		the nominated area;
	(d)	if:
	(i)	the provider is not the universal service provider for the customer; and
	(ii)	paragraph (c) does not apply;
		the standard zone.
	(2)	To avoid doubt, an area nominated under subsection (1) may overlap a standard zone.
	(3)	For the purposes of this section, if:
	(a)	a customer of a carriage service provider is in a particular area; and
	(b)	the provider is the universal service provider for that area;
the provider is the universal service provider for the customer.
110  Eligible customer
		For the purposes of this Part, if a customer of a carriage service provider is in a standard zone, the customer is an eligible customer.
111  Points
		For the purposes of the application of this Part to a mobile‑type carriage service, a point includes a mobile or potentially mobile point.
112  Application of this Part
		This Part does not apply in relation to a contract for the supply of a standard telephone service if:
	(a)	the contract was entered into before the commencement of section 231 of the Telecommunications Act 1997; and
	(b)	the contract would not have complied with Part 8 of that Act if the contract had been entered into immediately after the commencement of that section.

Part 5—Customer service guarantee
  
113  Simplified outline
		The following is a simplified outline of this Part:
•	The ACA may make performance standards to be complied with by carriage service providers in relation to customer service.
•	If a carriage service provider contravenes a performance standard, the carriage service provider is liable to pay damages to the customer for the contravention.
•	The amount of damages payable for a particular contravention is equal to the relevant amount specified in the scale of damages determined by the ACA.
•	The Telecommunications Industry Ombudsman may issue an evidentiary certificate in relation to a contravention of a performance standard.
114  Interpretation
	(1)	In this Part:
customer includes prospective customer.
damages includes punitive damages.
	(2)	In determining the meaning that an expression has when used in a provision of the Telecommunications Act 1997, or in a provision of this Act other than this Part, subsection (1) is to be disregarded.
115  Performance standards
	(1)	The ACA may, by written instrument, make standards to be complied with by carriage service providers in relation to:
	(a)	the making of arrangements with customers about the period taken to comply with requests to connect customers to specified kinds of carriage services; and
	(b)	the periods that carriage service providers may offer to customers when making those arrangements; and
	(c)	the compliance by carriage service providers with the terms of those arrangements; and
	(d)	the period taken to comply with requests to rectify faults or service difficulties relating to specified kinds of carriage services, where the rectification follows the making of a customer report about a fault or service difficulty; and
	(e)	the keeping of appointments to meet customers, or representatives of customers, where the appointment relates to:
	(i)	a connection of a kind covered by paragraph (a); or
	(ii)	a rectification of a kind covered by paragraph (d); and
	(f)	any other matter concerning the supply, or proposed supply, of a carriage service to a customer.
	(2)	A standard under this section that relates to a particular kind of carriage service does not apply to a particular carriage service provider in connection with the supply of that kind of service at a particular location unless the carriage service provider:
	(a)	supplies that kind of service at that location; or
	(b)	offers to supply that kind of service at that location.
	(3)	The ACA must not make a standard under this section unless it is directed to do so by the Minister under section 124.
	(4)	A standard under this section may be of general application or may be limited as provided in the standard. This subsection does not, by implication, limit subsection 33(3A) of the Acts Interpretation Act 1901.
	(5)	A standard under this section takes effect:
	(a)	if the instrument making the standard specifies a day for the purpose—on that day; or
	(b)	otherwise—on the day on which the standard was notified in the Gazette.
	(6)	A standard under this section is a disallowable instrument for the purposes of section 46A of the Acts Interpretation Act 1901.
116  Damages for breach of performance standards
	(1)	If:
	(a)	a carriage service provider contravenes a standard in force under section 115; and
	(b)	the contravention relates to a particular customer; 
the carriage service provider is liable to pay damages to the customer for the contravention.
	(2)	The amount of damages payable for a particular contravention is equal to the relevant amount specified in the scale in force under section 117.
	(3)	However, if:
	(a)	the carriage service provider:
	(i)	credits an amount to an account that the customer has with the provider; or
	(ii)	pays an amount to the customer; and
	(b)	the credit or payment was made as a result of a right or remedy that:
	(i)	was available to the customer otherwise than under this Division; and
	(ii)	arose out of the same event or transaction as the contravention;
the amount of damages payable for the contravention is to be reduced (but not below zero) by the amount of the credit or payment.
	(4)	The customer may recover the amount of the damages by action against the carriage service provider in a court of competent jurisdiction.
	(5)	The liability of the carriage service provider under this section may be discharged:
	(a)	by giving the customer a credit in an account the customer has with the carriage service provider; or
	(b)	in any other manner agreed between the carriage service provider and the customer.
	(6)	An action under this section must be instituted within 2 years after:
	(a)	in the case of a contravention that continued throughout a period—the time when the contravention began; or
	(b)	in any other case—the time when the contravention occurred.
	(7)	If the customer dies, a reference in this section to the customer includes a reference to the legal personal representative of the customer.
117  Scale of damages for breach of performance standards
	(1)	The ACA may, by written instrument, specify a scale of damages for contraventions of standards under section 115.
	(2)	The scale must:
	(a)	specify categories of contraventions; and
	(b)	specify a dollar amount as the amount of damages payable for contraventions covered by each of those categories.
	(3)	A dollar amount specified in accordance with paragraph (2)(b) must not exceed $25,000.
	(4)	A category may be specified by reference to contraventions that continue over a specified number of days.
	(5)	Subsection (4) does not, by implication, limit the ways in which a category may be specified.
	(6)	An instrument under this section is a disallowable instrument for the purposes of section 46A of the Acts Interpretation Act 1901.
118  Remedial directions—compliance with performance standards
	(1)	This section applies if a carriage service provider is subject to a standard in force under section 115.
	(2)	The ACA may give the provider a written direction:
	(a)	requiring the provider to take specified action directed towards ensuring that the provider does not contravene, or is unlikely to contravene, the standard; or
	(b)	requiring the provider to take such action as will ensure that the extent of the provider’s compliance with the standard reaches or exceeds a specified goal or target.
Note:	Under section 124, the Minister may give the ACA directions in relation to the exercise of its powers under this Part.
	(3)	The following are examples of the kinds of direction that may be given to a carriage service provider under subsection (2):
	(a)	a direction that the provider implement effective administrative systems for monitoring compliance with a standard in force under section 115;
	(b)	a direction that the provider take such action as is necessary to ensure that the extent of the provider’s compliance with a standard in force under section 115, in so far as that standard relates to the keeping of appointments to meet customers in rural areas, reaches or exceeds a specified goal or target.
	(4)	Before giving a direction under subsection (2), the ACA must consult the Telecommunications Industry Ombudsman. However, this rule does not apply if the Minister, under section 124, required the ACA to give the direction.
	(5)	A carriage service provider must not contravene a direction under subsection (2).
	(6)	A direction under subsection (2) is a disallowable instrument for the purposes of section 46A of the Acts Interpretation Act 1901.
119  Evidentiary certificate issued by the Telecommunications Industry Ombudsman
	(1)	The Telecommunications Industry Ombudsman may issue a written certificate:
	(a)	stating that a specified carriage service provider has contravened a standard in force under section 115; and
	(b)	setting out particulars of that contravention.
	(2)	In any proceedings under this Part, a certificate under subsection (1) is prima facie evidence of the matters in the certificate.
	(3)	A document purporting to be a certificate under subsection (1) must, unless the contrary is established, be taken to be a certificate and to have been properly given.
	(4)	Subsection (1) does not apply to the Telecommunications Industry Ombudsman unless the Telecommunications Industry Ombudsman gives the Minister a written notice consenting to the conferral of the powers conferred by that subsection. 
	(5)	If no notice is in force under subsection (4), subsection (1) has effect as if the reference in that subsection to the Telecommunications Industry Ombudsman were a reference to the ACA.
	(6)	The Minister must cause a copy of a notice under subsection (4) to be published in the Gazette.
	(7)	The continuity of a notice under subsection (4) is not affected by:
	(a)	a change in the occupancy of the position of Telecommunications Industry Ombudsman; or
	(b)	a vacancy in the position of Telecommunications Industry Ombudsman that does not continue for more than 4 months.
120  Waiver of customer service guarantee
	(1)	The ACA may, by written instrument, make provision for customers of carriage service providers to waive, in whole or in part, their protection and rights under this Part in relation to a particular carriage service supplied, or proposed to be supplied, by the carriage service provider concerned.
	(2)	If such a waiver is made, then, to the extent of the waiver, the carriage service provider is not bound by, and need not comply with, any standards in force under section 115 in relation to the supply of that service to that customer.
	(3)	A waiver must be made in accordance with the rules set out in the instrument.
	(4)	An instrument under subsection (1) is a disallowable instrument for the purposes of section 46A of the Acts Interpretation Act 1901.
121  Savings of other laws and remedies
	(1)	This Part is not intended to exclude or limit the concurrent operation of any law of a State or Territory.
	(2)	This Part does not limit, restrict or otherwise affect any right or remedy a person would have if this Part had not been enacted.
	(3)	This Part does not limit, restrict or otherwise affect the operation of the Telecommunications Industry Ombudsman scheme. In particular, this Part does not affect a customer’s right to complain to the Telecommunications Industry Ombudsman.
	(4)	Subsection (3) does not, by implication, limit subsection (2). 
122  Breach of performance standard is not an offence 
		A contravention of a standard in force under section 115 is not an offence.
123  Clause 1 of Schedule 2 to the Telecommunications Act 1997 does not apply to a breach of a performance standard
		Clause 1 of Schedule 2 to the Telecommunications Act 1997 does not apply to a contravention of a standard in force under section 115.
Note:	Clause 1 of Schedule 2 to the Telecommunications Act 1997 requires carriage service providers to comply with this Act.
124  Minister may direct the ACA about the use of its powers under this Part
	(1)	The Minister may give the ACA written directions about how the ACA is to exercise its powers under this Part.
	(2)	The ACA must comply with a direction under this section.
	(3)	This section does not affect the Minister’s power to give the ACA directions under other provisions about other matters.
	(4)	A direction under this section is a disallowable instrument for the purposes of section 46A of the Acts Interpretation Act 1901.
	(5)	The Minister must not give the ACA a direction under section 12 of the Australian Communications Authority Act 1997 about how the ACA is to exercise its powers under this Part.
125  Review of performance standards following Ministerial direction
	(1)	This section applies to a direction under section 124 that requires the ACA to make a standard under section 115.
	(2)	If the Minister revokes a direction, the ACA must revoke the section 115 standard that is in force because of the direction.
	(3)	If the Minister varies a direction, the ACA must either:
	(a)	vary the section 115 standard that is in force because of the direction so that the standard complies with the varied direction; or
	(b)	revoke the section 115 standard and determine a new section 115 standard that so complies.
	(4)	If a section 115 standard is in force because of a direction:
	(a)	the ACA may vary the standard on its own initiative, but only in such a way that the varied standard still complies with the direction; and
	(b)	the ACA may, on its own initiative, revoke the standard and determine a new section 115 standard that so complies.

Part 6—The Telecommunications Industry Ombudsman
  
126  Simplified outline
		The following is a simplified outline of this Part:
•	Certain carriers and carriage service providers must enter into the Telecommunications Industry Ombudsman scheme.
•	The membership of the scheme must be open to all carriers and carriage service providers.
•	Carriers and carriage service providers must comply with the scheme.
127  Eligible carriage service providers
		For the purposes of this Part, an eligible carriage service provider is:
	(a)	a carriage service provider who supplies:
	(i)	a standard telephone service, where any of the customers are residential customers or small business customers; or
	(ii)	a public mobile telecommunications service; or
	(iii)	a carriage service that enables end‑users to access the Internet; or
	(b)	a carriage service intermediary who arranges for the supply of a service referred to in subparagraph (a)(i), (ii) or (iii).
128  Telecommunications Industry Ombudsman scheme
	(1)	Each carrier and each eligible carriage service provider must, in association with other carriers and other eligible carriage service providers, enter into a scheme providing for a Telecommunications Industry Ombudsman.
Note:	Section 129 provides for exemptions from subsection (1) of this section.
	(2)	The scheme is to be known as the Telecommunications Industry Ombudsman scheme.
	(3)	To avoid doubt, there is only one Telecommunications Industry Ombudsman scheme, namely, the scheme operated by Telecomunications Industry Ombudsman Limited (ACN 057 634 787).
	(4)	The scheme must provide for the Telecommunications Industry Ombudsman to:
	(a)	investigate; and 
	(b)	make determinations relating to; and
	(c)	give directions relating to;
complaints about carriage services by end‑users of those services. 
	(5)	The following is an example of such a complaint: a complaint about billing, or the manner of charging, for the supply of carriage services.
	(6)	The scheme must not provide for the Telecommunications Industry Ombudsman to investigate complaints about:
	(a)	the levels at which tariffs are set; or
	(b)	the content of a content service.
	(7)	The membership of the scheme must be open to all:
	(a)	carriers; and
	(b)	carriage service providers.
129  Exemptions from requirement to join scheme
	(1)	The ACA may, by notice in the Gazette, declare that a specified carrier or eligible carriage service provider is exempt from the requirement set out in subsection 128(1). The declaration has effect accordingly.
Note:	Carriers or providers may be specified by name, by inclusion in a particular class or in any other way.
	(2)	In deciding whether a carrier or provider should be exempt from the requirement set out in subsection 128(1), the ACA must have regard to the following matters:
	(a)	the extent to which the carrier or provider deals with residential customers in relation to the supply of carriage services;
	(b)	the extent to which the carrier or provider deals with proprietors of small businesses in relation to the supply of carriage services;
	(c)	the potential for complaints under the Telecommunications Industry Ombudsman scheme about services supplied by the carrier or provider.
	(3)	Subsection (2) does not, by implication, limit the matters to which the ACA may have regard.
	(4)	Before making a declaration under this section, the ACA must consult the Telecommunications Industry Ombudsman.
130  Direction to join scheme
	(1)	The ACA may give a carriage service provider a written notice directing the provider to enter into the Telecommunications Industry Ombudsman scheme.
	(2)	The provider must comply with the direction.
	(3)	In deciding whether to give a direction to a provider under this section, the ACA must have regard to the following matters:
	(a)	the extent to which the provider deals with residential customers in relation to the supply of carriage services;
	(b)	the extent to which the provider deals with proprietors of small businesses in relation to the supply of carriage services;
	(c)	the potential for complaints under the Telecommunications Industry Ombudsman scheme about the services supplied by the provider.
	(4)	Subsection (3) does not, by implication, limit the matters to which the ACA may have regard.
	(5)	Before giving a direction under this section, the ACA must consult the Telecommunications Industry Ombudsman.
131  Determination that a class of carriage service providers must join scheme
	(1)	The ACA may make a written determination that the members of a specified class of carriage service providers must enter into the Telecommunications Industry Ombudsman scheme.
	(2)	A copy of the determination must be published in the Gazette.
	(3)	In deciding whether to make a determination under this section in relation to a class of carriage service providers, the ACA must have regard to the following matters:
	(a)	the extent to which members of that class deal with residential customers in relation to the supply of carriage services; 
	(b)	the extent to which members of that class deal with proprietors of small businesses in relation to the supply of carriage services; 
	(c)	the potential for complaints under the Telecommunications Industry Ombudsman scheme about services supplied by members of that class.
	(4)	Subsection (3) does not, by implication, limit the matters to which the ACA may have regard.
	(5)	Before making a determination under this section, the ACA must consult the Telecommunications Industry Ombudsman.
132  Members of scheme must comply with scheme
		A carrier or carriage service provider who is a member of the Telecommunications Industry Ombudsman scheme must comply with the scheme.
133  Register of members of scheme
	(1)	The Telecommunications Industry Ombudsman is to maintain a Register of the names of the members of the Telecommunications Industry Ombudsman scheme.
	(2)	The Register may be maintained by electronic means.
	(3)	The Telecommunications Industry Ombudsman must ensure that the Register is open for inspection, at all reasonable times, by members of the public.

Part 7—Protection for residential customers against failure by carriage service providers to provide standard carriage services
  
134  Simplified outline
		The following is a simplified outline of this Part:
•	The ACA may determine that certain payments received by a carriage service provider from residential customers are protected payments.
•	The ACA may formulate schemes aimed at ensuring that if:
	(a)	a residential customer of a carriage service provider makes a protected payment to the provider; and
	(b)	the provider fails to supply a standard telephone service to the customer;
	the customer is protected.
•	A protection scheme may be enforced by the Federal Court on the application of the ACA or a residential customer.
135  Scope of Part
	(1)	This Part applies to a carriage service provider if the provider supplies, or proposes to supply, a standard telephone service to residential customers.
	(2)	A carriage service provider is exempt from this Part if the provider was a carrier (within the meaning of the Telecommunications Act 1991) immediately before 1 July 1997.
	(3)	The ACA may, by notice in the Gazette, declare that a specified provider is exempt from this Part. The declaration has effect accordingly.
Note: 	Providers may be specified by name, by inclusion in a particular class or in any other way.
	(4)	In deciding whether a person should be exempt from this Part, the ACA must have regard to the following matters:
	(a)	the duration of the prior period (if any) during which the person carried on business in Australia as a carriage service provider;
	(b)	the scale of the person’s prior operations in Australia as a carriage service provider;
	(c)	the person’s business record;
	(d)	if the person is a partnership—the business record of each of the partners;
	(e)	if the person is an incorporated company—the business record of each individual, by whatever name called and whether or not a director of the company, who is concerned, or takes part, in the management of the company.
	(5)	Subsection (4) does not, by implication, limit the matters to which the ACA may have regard.
136  Standard residential customer
	(1)	For the purposes of this Part, if a residential customer, or a proposed residential customer, of a carriage service provider is supplied, or proposed to be supplied, with a standard telephone service by the provider, then:
	(a)	the customer is a standard residential customer of the provider; and
	(b)	the service is a standard carriage service.
	(2)	Subsection (1) does not apply to a standard telephone service if:
	(a)	the service is a public mobile telecommunications service; and
	(b)	the service is neither supplied, nor proposed to be supplied, to the customer in fulfilment of the universal service obligation.
137  Protected payments
	(1)	The ACA may make a written determination that a specified payment made, or liable to be made, to a carriage service provider by a standard residential customer of that provider is a protected payment for the purposes of this Part. The determination has effect accordingly.
Note:	Payments may be specified by name, by inclusion in a particular class or in any other way.
	(2)	The payment must be received, or proposed to be received, by the provider directly or indirectly in connection with its business as a carriage service provider.
	(3)	The following are examples of payments that may be specified in the determination:
	(a)	payments for line rental;
	(b)	payments for equipment rental;
	(c)	payments by way of connection fees;
	(d)	a pre‑payment for a standard carriage service.
	(4)	For each protected payment, the determination must specify, or specify a means of ascertaining, a period for the purposes of this subsection. That period is called the minimum service period for the payment.
	(5)	The minimum service period for a protected payment:
	(a)	must begin when the payment is made; and
	(b)	must not run for longer than 2 years.
	(6)	A determination under this section is a disallowable instrument for the purposes of section 46A of the Acts Interpretation Act 1901.
138  Compliance with protection schemes for protected payments
	(1)	Before demanding or receiving a protected payment, a carriage service provider must give the ACA a written election to be bound by a specified scheme formulated under this Part.
	(2)	If a carriage service provider gives the ACA such an election, the provider is bound by, and must comply with, the scheme specified in the election.
	(3)	If an election under this section is in force in relation to a particular scheme (the original scheme), the provider may give the ACA a written notice varying the election by omitting the original scheme and substituting another scheme formulated under this Part. The variation takes effect at the time specified in the notice.
	(4)	Despite the variation, the original scheme continues to apply, in relation to protected payments made before the variation took effect, as if the variation had not been made.
139  Protection schemes for protected payments—alternative supply of standard carriage services
	(1)	The ACA may, by written instrument, formulate a scheme that requires a carriage service provider bound by the scheme to enter into and maintain a legally enforceable arrangement aimed at ensuring that, if:
	(a)	a residential customer of the provider makes a protected payment to the provider; and
	(b)	at any time during the minimum service period for that payment, the provider fails to supply standard carriage services to the customer;
the customer:
	(c)	is supplied, during the remainder of the period, with standard carriage services that are equivalent to the standard carriage services that the provider has not supplied; and
	(d)	is not required to pay more for the supply of those equivalent services than the customer would have had to pay had the provider supplied them.
	(2)	A scheme formulated under subsection (1) is a disallowable instrument for the purposes of section 46A of the Acts Interpretation Act 1901.
140  Protection schemes for protected payments—third party guarantee
	(1)	The ACA may, by written instrument, formulate a scheme that:
	(a)	makes a carriage service provider that is bound by the scheme liable, in the event that:
	(i)	a residential customer of the provider makes a protected payment to the provider; and
	(ii)	at any time during the minimum service period for that payment, the provider fails to supply standard carriage services to the customer;
		to reimburse the payment on a pro‑rata basis in proportion to that part or parts of the period during which the provider fails to supply the services to the customer; and
	(b)	requires the provider to obtain a guarantee from a third person in respect of the provider’s discharge of that liability.
	(2)	An instrument under subsection (1) is a disallowable instrument for the purposes of section 46A of the Acts Interpretation Act 1901.
141  Protection schemes for protected payments—insurance cover
	(1)	The ACA may, by written instrument, formulate a scheme that:
	(a)	makes a carriage service provider that is bound by the scheme liable, in the event that:
	(i)	a residential customer of the provider makes a protected payment to the provider; and
	(ii)	at any time during the minimum service period for that payment, the provider fails to supply standard carriage services to the customer;
		to reimburse the payment on a pro‑rata basis in proportion to that part or parts of the period during which the provider fails to supply the services to the customer; and
	(b)	requires the provider to take out and maintain an insurance policy to indemnify residential customers against a total or partial failure to discharge that liability.
	(2)	An instrument under subsection (1) is a disallowable instrument for the purposes of section 46A of the Acts Interpretation Act 1901.
142  Protection schemes for protected payments—holding of payments in trust accounts
	(1)	The ACA may, by written instrument, formulate a scheme that:
	(a)	makes a carriage service provider that is bound by the scheme liable, in the event that:
	(i)	a residential customer of the provider makes a protected payment to the provider; and
	(ii)	at any time during the minimum service period for that payment, the provider fails to supply standard carriage services to the customer;
		to reimburse the payment on a pro‑rata basis in proportion to that part or parts of the period during which the provider fails to supply the services to the customer; and
	(b)	requires the provider to hold protected payments it receives in trust accounts; and
	(c)	prohibits the provider from transferring any or all of the money in such an account to its beneficial ownership except in accordance with the draw‑down rules set out in the scheme.
	(2)	An instrument under subsection (1) is a disallowable instrument for the purposes of section 46A of the Acts Interpretation Act 1901.
143  Waiver of protection by customers
	(1)	A scheme formulated under this Part may provide for standard residential customers of a carriage service provider to waive their protection and rights under the scheme in relation to a particular protected payment made to the provider.
	(2)	If such a waiver is made, the provider is not bound by, and need not comply with, the scheme in relation to that payment.
	(3)	A waiver must be made in accordance with the rules set out in the scheme concerned.
	(4)	Rules mentioned in subsection (3) may require a carriage service provider to inform a customer about the consequences of a waiver.
	(5)	Subsection (4) does not, by implication, limit the matters that may be dealt with by:
	(a)	a code registered under Part 6 of the Telecommunications Act 1997; or
	(b)	a standard under Part 6 of the Telecommunications Act 1997.
144  Incidental rules
	(1)	A scheme formulated under this Part may require carriage service providers to comply with such ancillary or incidental rules (if any) as are set out in the scheme.
	(2)	Those rules include (but are not limited to) requiring carriage service providers to inform their standard residential customers about matters relating to the implementation of the scheme.
145  Enforcement of protection schemes
	(1)	This section applies if a carriage service provider is bound by a scheme formulated under this Part.
	(2)	If:
	(a)	the ACA; or
	(b)	a standard residential customer of the provider;
thinks that the provider has:
	(c)	failed to discharge a liability of the provider under the scheme; or
	(d)	otherwise breached the scheme;
the ACA or the customer may apply to the Federal Court for an order under subsection (3).
	(3)	If the Federal Court is satisfied that the provider has:
	(a)	failed to discharge a liability of the provider under the scheme; or
	(b)	otherwise breached the scheme;
the Court may make all or any of the following orders:
	(c)	an order directing the provider to discharge a liability under the scheme;
	(d)	an order directing the provider to comply with the scheme;
	(e)	an order directing the provider to compensate any person who has suffered loss or damage as a result of the breach;
	(f)	any other order that the Court thinks appropriate.
	(4)	The Federal Court may discharge or vary an order granted under this section.
	(5)	This section does not, by implication, limit other remedies.
	(6)	A reference in this section to a carriage service provider includes a reference to:
	(a)	in a case where the provider is an individual or a partnership—the provider’s trustee in bankruptcy; or
	(b)	in a case where the provider is a body corporate or a partnership—each of the following:
	(i)	a receiver, receiver and manager, or other controller, of property of the body or partnership;
	(ii)	an administrator of the body or partnership;
	(iii)	an administrator of a deed of arrangement entered into by the body or partnership;
	(iv)	a liquidator or provisional liquidator of the body or partnership;
	(v)	a trustee or other person administering a compromise or arrangement made between the body or partnership and any other person or persons.

Part 8—Provision of emergency call services
  
146  Simplified outline
		The following is a simplified outline of this Part:
•	The ACA may impose requirements on any or all of the following:
	(a)	carriers;
	(b)	carriage service providers;
	(c)	emergency call persons;
	in relation to emergency call services.
147  Provision of emergency call services
	(1)	The ACA must make a written determination imposing requirements on any or all of the following:
	(a)	carriers;
	(b)	carriage service providers;
	(c)	emergency call persons;
in relation to emergency call services.
	(2)	In making a determination under this section, the ACA must have regard to the following:
	(a)	the objective that a carriage service provider who supplies a standard telephone service should provide each end‑user of that standard telephone service with access, free of charge, to an emergency call service, unless the ACA considers that it would be unreasonable for such access to be provided;
	(b)	the objective that, if a carriage service provider who supplies a standard telephone service is required to provide each end‑user of that standard telephone service with access to an emergency call service operated by a recognised person, the recognised person should:
	(i)	receive and handle calls made by those end‑users to the relevant emergency service number; and
	(ii)	if appropriate—transfer such calls to an appropriate emergency service organisation; and
	(iii)	if appropriate—give information in relation to such calls to an appropriate emergency service organisation;
	(c)	the objective that emergency service organisations should not be charged for services provided by a recognised person who operates an emergency call service, being services by way of:
	(i)	receiving and handling calls to an emergency service number; or
	(ii)	transferring such calls to an emergency service organisation; or
	(iii)	giving information in relation to such calls to an emergency service organisation;
	(d)	the objective that emergency service organisations should not be charged for the following carriage services:
	(i)	carriage services used to connect calls made to an emergency service number;
	(ii)	carriage services used to transfer such calls to an emergency service organisation;
	(iii)	carriage services used to give information in relation to such calls to an emergency service organisation;
	(e)	the objective that, as far as practicable, a common system is used to:
	(i)	transfer calls made to an emergency service number to an emergency service organisation; and
	(ii)	give information in relation to such calls to an emergency service organisation;
	(f)	the objective that calls made to an emergency service number are transferred to an appropriate emergency service organisation with the minimum of delay;
	(g)	the objective that, from the perspective of an ordinary end‑user of a standard telephone service, there appears to be a single national emergency call system;
	(h)	the objective that reasonable community expectations for the handling of calls to emergency service numbers are met;
	(i)	the objective that carriage services used to make calls to an emergency service number should, as far as practicable, provide the emergency call person concerned with automatic information about:
	(i)	the location of the caller; and
	(ii)	the identity of the customer of the service being used by the caller;
	(j)	the objective that carriers should provide carriage service providers with access to:
	(i)	controlled carriage services of the carriers; and
	(ii)	controlled networks of the carriers; and
	(iii)	controlled facilities of the carriers;
		in order that the providers can comply with their obligations under the determination;
	(k)	the objective that carriage service providers should provide other carriage service providers with access to:
	(i)	controlled carriage services of the first‑mentioned providers; and
	(ii)	controlled networks of the first‑mentioned providers; and
	(iii)	controlled facilities of the first‑mentioned providers;
		in order that the other providers can comply with their obligations under the determination;
	(l)	the objective that a determination should be consistent with the following:
	(i)	Principle 11 of the Information Privacy Principles set out in section 14 of the Privacy Act 1988;
	(ii)	codes registered under Part 6 of the Telecommunications Act 1997;
	(iii)	standards determined under Part 6 of the Telecommunications Act 1997.
	(3)	Subsection (2) does not, by implication, limit the matters to which the ACA may have regard.
	(4)	A determination under this section may deal with ancillary or incidental matters, including the protection of the privacy of information transmitted in connection with a call to an emergency service number.
	(5)	A determination under this section may deal with performance standards, including (but not limited to) performance standards relating to:
	(a)	the answering of calls to emergency service numbers; and
	(b)	delays in transferring calls made to an emergency service number to the appropriate emergency service organisation; and
	(c)	the handling of complaints about emergency call services.
	(6)	Subsections (4) and (5) do not, by implication, limit subsection (1).
	(7)	A determination under this section is a disallowable instrument for the purposes of section 46A of the Acts Interpretation Act 1901.
	(8)	In making a determination under this section, the ACA may apply, adopt or incorporate (with or without modification) any matter contained in a code or standard proposed or approved by a body or association, either:
	(a)	as in force or existing at a particular time; or
	(b)	as in force or existing from time to time.
This subsection does not, by implication, limit section 589 of the Telecommunications Act 1997.
	(9)	Before making a determination under this section, the ACA must consult representatives of each of the following groups:
	(a)	carriers;
	(b)	carriage service providers;
	(c)	recognised persons who operate an emergency call service;
	(d)	emergency service organisations;
	(e)	consumers of standard telephone services.
	(10)	A carriage service provider may provide the access referred to in paragraph (2)(a) itself or by arranging with another person for the access to be provided.
	(11)	In this section:
emergency service organisation means:
	(a)	a police force or service; or
	(b)	a fire service; or
	(c)	an ambulance service; or
	(d)	a service specified in the numbering plan for the purposes of this paragraph; or
	(e)	a service for despatching a force or service referred to in paragraph (a), (b), (c) or (d).
148  Compliance with determination
	(1)	A person on whom a requirement is imposed by a determination in force under section 147 must comply with the determination.
	(2)	Subsection (1) has effect subject to sections 149 and 151.
	(3)	A person must not:
	(a)	aid, abet, counsel or procure a contravention of subsection (1); or
	(b)	induce, whether by threats or promises or otherwise, a contravention of subsection (1); or
	(c)	be in any way, directly or indirectly, knowingly concerned in, or party to, a contravention of subsection (1); or
	(d)	conspire with others to effect a contravention of subsection (1).
	(4)	Subsections (1) and (3) are civil penalty provisions.
Note:	Part 31 of the Telecommunications Act 1997 provides for pecuniary penalties for breaches of civil penalty provisions. This provision is a civil penalty provision for the purposes of that Act.
149  Access to emergency call services
	(1)	This section applies if:
	(a)	an emergency call service is operated by a recognised person; and
	(b)	a determination under section 147 requires a carriage service provider who supplies a standard telephone service to provide each end‑user of that standard telephone service with access to that emergency call service; and
	(c)	a determination under section 147 requires the recognised person to:
	(i)	receive and handle calls made by those end‑users to the relevant emergency service number; and
	(ii)	if appropriate—transfer such calls to an appropriate emergency service organisation; and
	(iii)	if appropriate—give information in relation to such calls to an appropriate emergency service organisation.
	(2)	The recognised person must comply with the requirement mentioned in paragraph (1)(c) on such terms and conditions as are:
	(a)	agreed between the following parties:
	(i)	the carriage service provider;
	(ii)	the recognised person; or
	(b)	failing agreement, determined by an arbitrator appointed by the parties.
If the parties fail to agree on the appointment of an arbitrator, the ACCC is to be the arbitrator.
	(3)	The regulations may make provision for and in relation to the conduct of an arbitration under this section.
	(4)	The regulations may provide that, for the purposes of a particular arbitration conducted by the ACCC under this section, the ACCC may be constituted by a single member, or a specified number of members, of the ACCC. For each such arbitration, that member or those members are to be nominated in writing by the Chairperson of the ACCC.
	(5)	Subsection (4) does not, by implication, limit subsection (3).
	(6)	A determination made in an arbitration under this section must not be inconsistent with a Ministerial pricing determination in force under section 150.
150  Ministerial pricing determinations
	(1)	The Minister may make a written determination setting out principles dealing with price‑related terms and conditions relating to requirements of a kind referred to in subsection 149(1). The determination is to be known as a Ministerial pricing determination.
	(2)	A determination under subsection (1) is a disallowable instrument for the purposes of section 46A of the Acts Interpretation Act 1901.
	(3)	In this section:
price‑related terms and conditions means terms and conditions relating to price or a method of ascertaining price.
151  Access to be provided
	(1)	This section applies if a determination under section 147 requires a person to provide access as mentioned in paragraph 147(2)(j) or (k).
	(2)	The person must provide that access in accordance with the requirements set out in the determination and on such terms and conditions as are:
	(a)	agreed between the following parties:
	(i)	the person;
	(ii)	the carriage service provider to whom access is required to be provided; or
	(b)	failing agreement, determined by an arbitrator appointed by the parties.
If the parties fail to agree on the appointment of an arbitrator, the ACCC is to be the arbitrator.
	(3)	The regulations may make provision for and in relation to the conduct of an arbitration under this section.
	(4)	The regulations may provide that, for the purposes of a particular arbitration conducted by the ACCC under this section, the ACCC may be constituted by a single member, or a specified number of members, of the ACCC. For each such arbitration, that member or those members are to be nominated in writing by the Chairperson of the ACCC.
	(5)	Subsection (4) does not, by implication, limit subsection (3).

Part 9—Price control arrangements for Telstra
  
152  Simplified outline
		The following is a simplified outline of this Part:
•	This Part provides for price control arrangements for carriage services, content services and facilities supplied by Telstra.
153  Definitions
		In this Part:
carrier charge means:
	(a)	a charge for a carriage service, or a content service, supplied by Telstra; or
	(b)	a charge for a facility supplied by Telstra.
charge includes:
	(a)	any charge or fee (whether payable periodically, in instalments or otherwise); and
	(b)	a nil charge or nil fee; and
	(c)	in relation to a carriage service, includes:
	(i)	any charge or fee (including of a kind referred to in paragraph (a) or (b)) for or in relation to a facility used, or intended for use, in relation to the supply of the service; and
	(ii)	any other charge or fee (including of a kind referred to in paragraph (a) or (b)) for or in relation to the supply of the service.
154  Minister may determine price control arrangements
	(1)	The Minister may determine in writing that specified carrier charges are subject to price control arrangements.
	(2)	An instrument under this section is a disallowable instrument for the purposes of section 46A of the Acts Interpretation Act 1901.
155  Effect of price control arrangements
	(1)	Where a carrier charge is subject to price control arrangements, the Minister may determine in writing:
	(a)	price‑cap arrangements and other price control arrangements that are to be applied in relation to the charge; or
	(b)	principles in accordance with which Telstra is to make alterations to the charge;
or both.
	(2)	A determination under this section is a disallowable instrument for the purposes of section 46A of the Acts Interpretation Act 1901.
	(3)	To avoid doubt, price‑cap arrangements and other price control arrangements determined under this section may relate to charges for untimed local calls in particular areas.
	(4)	A determination under this section may make different provision with respect to different customers. This section does not, by implication, limit subsection 33(3A) of the Acts Interpretation Act 1901.
	(5)	Telstra must comply with a determination under this section.
156  Alteration of charges subject to price control arrangements
	(1)	Where Telstra proposes to alter a carrier charge that is subject to price control arrangements, the following provisions have effect.
	(2)	Where, under the applicable determinations under section 155, the consent of the ACCC is not required to the proposed alteration, Telstra may make the proposed alteration.
	(3)	Where, under the applicable determinations under section 155, the consent of the ACCC is required to the proposed alteration, Telstra must not make the proposed alteration unless the following paragraphs have been complied with:
	(a)	if those determinations require the giving to the ACCC of a period of notice before the proposed alteration is made—that period has ended or the ACCC has waived the giving of the notice;
	(b)	if those determinations require the giving to the ACCC of particular information not later than a particular time before the alteration is made:
	(i)	the information was so given; or
	(ii)	some only of the information was so given and the ACCC has waived the giving of the remainder of the information; or
	(iii)	the ACCC has waived the giving of the information;
	(c)	subject to paragraph (d), either:
	(i)	the ACCC has consented to the proposed alteration; or
	(ii)	the period within which the ACCC is required under those determinations to give or refuse its consent to the proposed alteration has ended and the ACCC did not before the end of that period refuse its consent to the proposed alteration;
	(d)	if, before the end of the period within which, but for this paragraph, the ACCC would be required under the applicable determinations to give or refuse its consent to the proposed alteration, the ACCC requested Telstra to provide further information about the proposed alteration, the first‑mentioned period is taken to be extended by a period equal to the number of days commencing on the day on which the request was made and ending on the day on which the further information was provided.
157  Carrier charges subject to notification and disallowance
	(1)	The Minister may determine in writing that specified carrier charges are subject to notification and disallowance.
	(2)	An instrument under this section is a disallowable instrument for the purposes of section 46A of the Acts Interpretation Act 1901.
158  Alteration of charges subject to notification and disallowance
	(1)	If Telstra proposes to alter a carrier charge that is subject to notification and disallowance, Telstra must, by written notice, inform the Minister of the alteration at least 30 days before it is to take effect.
	(2)	The Minister may, within 30 days after receiving the notice:
	(a)	by writing request the ACCC to give a written report as to whether the proposed alteration should be disallowed in the public interest; and
	(b)	direct Telstra in writing not to make the alteration until the Minister has received and considered the report.
	(3)	The ACCC must give the report to the Minister within 30 days after receiving the request.
	(4)	If the Minister, after taking the ACCC’s report into account, is of the opinion that the proposed alteration is not in the public interest, he or she may, by written notice given to Telstra within 30 days after receiving the report, direct Telstra not to make the alteration.
	(5)	Telstra must comply with a direction under subsection (4).

Part 10—Miscellaneous
  
159  Direction to Telstra to comply with this Act
	(1)	The Minister may, by written notice given to Telstra, direct Telstra to take specified action directed towards ensuring that Telstra complies with this Act.
	(2)	Before giving a direction under subsection (1), the Minister must consult Telstra.
	(3)	To avoid doubt:
	(a)	subsection (1) does not, by implication, limit a power conferred on the Minister, the ACA or the ACCC by or under any other provision of a law; and
	(b)	subsection (1) is not limited by a power conferred on the Minister, the ACA or the ACCC by or under any other provision of a law.
	(4)	Telstra must comply with a direction under subsection (1).
160  Regulations
	(1)	The Governor‑General may make regulations prescribing matters:
	(a)	required or permitted by this Act to be prescribed; or
	(b)	necessary or convenient to be prescribed for carrying out or giving effect to this Act.
	(2)	The regulations may prescribe penalties, not exceeding 10 penalty units, for offences against the regulations.