Standard 1.4.4
Prohibited and Restricted Plants and Fungi

Purpose
This standard regulates plants and fungi.  It lists the species of plants and fungi that must not be added to food or offered for sale as food.  It also lists the species of plants and fungi that may not be used in food except as a source of a flavouring substance.
Table of Provisions

1	Prohibited plants and fungi
2	Restricted plants and fungi

Schedule 1 – Prohibited plants and fungi
Schedule 2 – Restricted plants and fungi
Clauses
1	Prohibited plants and fungi
(1)	A plant or fungus, or a part or a derivative of a plant or fungus listed in Schedule 1, or any substance derived therefrom, must not be intentionally added to food or offered for sale as food.
(2)	Eurythroxylum coca (coca bush) or any substance derived therefrom must not be present in a food unless the cocaine has been removed.
Editorial note:

Subclause (1) is not intended to prohibit the unintentional addition of plants and fungi to food that occur within the bounds of recognised acceptable Good Agricultural Practice or Good Manufacturing Practice.  If a public health and safety concern is identified because of the presence of such substances, they will be addressed through the setting of a limit on these substances in final food products.

2	Restricted plants and fungi
A plant or fungus, or a part or a derivative of a plant or fungus listed in Schedule 2, or any substance derived therefrom, may only be added to or be present in a food if it complies with the requirements for natural toxicants from the addition of a flavouring substance in the Table to clause 4 of Standard 1.4.1.

Editorial Note: 

Clause 4 of Standard 1.4.1 imposes maximum levels of natural toxicants arising from the use of certain flavouring substances.
Standard 1.3.1 regulates food additives, including the addition and presence of flavourings in food.

Schedule 1
Prohibited Plants and Fungi

Column 1
	
Column 2	
Species name	Common name	
Abrus cantoniensis		
Abrus precatorius	Jequirity seeds	
Acokanthera schimperi	Arrow poison tree	
Aconitum spp.	Aconite	
Acorus calamus	Calamus oil	
Adonis vernalis	False hellebore, Spring adonis	
Aesculus hippocastanum	Horse chestnut, Buckeye	
Alocasia macrorrhiza	Cunjevoi, Elephant ear, Kape, ‘Ape, Ta’amu	
Alstonia constricta	Alstonia	
Amanita muscaria	Agaricus, Fly agaric	
Amanita spp.	Amanita Mushroom	
Ammi spp.	Bishops weed, Khella	
Ammi visnaga	Bisnaga, Khella	
Anadenanthera peregrina	Cohoba yope, Niopo	
Anchusa officinalis	Bugloss	
Apocynum androsaemifolium	Bitter root, Spreading dogbane	
Apocynum cannabinum	Canadian hemp, Dogbane, Indian hemp	
Areca catechu nut	Betel nut	
Argyreia nervosa	Woolly morning glory	
Aristolochia spp.	Birthwort, Snakeroot	
Arnica spp.	Arnica	
Artemisia absinthium	Common wormwood	
Artemisia cina Berg	Levant wormseed	
Artemisia maritima	Levant wormseed	
Artemisia vulgaris	Mugwort	
Atropa belladonna	Deadly nightshade, Dwale	
Banisteriopsis spp.	Banisteria, Caapi	
Borago officinalis	Borage	
Brachyglottis spp.	Rangiora	
Brunfelsia uniflora	Manaca, Mercury	
Bryonia alba	European white bryony	

Schedule 1 (cont)
Prohibited Plants and Fungi

Column 1
	
Column 2	
Species name	Common name	
Bryonia dioica	White bryony	
Cacalia spp.		
Calotropis spp.	Calotropis	
Cannabis spp.	Hemp, Marijuana	
Catha edulis	Khat, Chat	
Catharanthus spp.	Periwinkle	
Cestrum nocturnum	Queen of the night, Night blooming jessamine	
Chelidonium majus	Common celandine, Greater celandine	
Chenopodium ambrosioides	Wormseed, Mexican goosefoot, Pigweed, America wormseed	
Cicuta virosa	Cowbane, European water hemlock	
Clitocybe spp.	Fungi	
Colchicum autumnale	Autumn crocus, Meadow saffron	
Conium maculatum	Hemlock	
Conocybe siligineoides	Ya'nte	
Conocybe spp.		
Convallaria majalis
Copelandia spp.	Lily of the Valley
Fungi	
Coprinus atramentarius	Common ink cap	
Coriaria spp.	Tutu, Tuupaakihi, Puuhou, Toot	
Cornyocarpus laevigatus seed	Karaka kernel, New Zealand laurel	
Coronilla spp.	Crown vetch	
Cortinarius spp.	Fungi	
Coryanthe yohimbe	Yohimbe	
Crotolaria spp.	Crotolaria	
Croton tiglium	Croton, Purging croton	
Cycas media*	Zamia palm	
Cynoglossum officinale	Hounds tongue, Beggar's lice	
Cytisus scoparius* ( see Sarothamnus scoparius)		
Daphne spp.	Daphne, Mezereum, Spurge laurel	
Datura stramonium	Jimson weed, Datura, Thornapple	
Delphinium spp.	Larkspur, Stavesacre	
Digitalis purpurea	Foxglove	
Dryopteris filix-mas	Male fern	

Schedule 1 (cont)
Prohibited Plants and Fungi

Column 1
	
Column 2	
Species name	Common name	
Duboisia spp.	Corkwood, Pituri	
Echium plantagineum	Pattersons curse, Salvation Jane	
Echium vulgare	Viper's bugloss	
Entoloma sinuatus	Fungus	
Ephedra sinica	Ma-huang	
Erysimum canescens		
Euonymus europaeus	Spindle tree, Skewer wood	
Eupatorium rugosum	White snakeroot	
Euphorbia spp.	Euphorbia, Milkweed, Spurge, Pennyroyal oil	
Farfugium japonicum		
Galanthus nivalis	Snowdrop	
Galerina spp.	Fungi	
Gelsemium sempervirens	Yellow Jessamine, Gelsemium	
Gymnopilus spp.	Fungi	
Gyromitra esculenta	False morel	
Haemadictyon amazonica	Yage	
Heliotropium spp.	Heliotrope	
Helleborous niger	Black hellebore, Christmas rose	
Hemerocallis fulva	Pale day lily	
Hippomane mancinella	Manzanillo	
Homeria breyniana (see Homeria collina)		
Homeria collina	One-leaved cape tulip	
Homeria miniata	Two-leaved cape tulip	
Hydrastis canadensis	Goldenseal root or its extract	
Hydnocarpus anthelmentica	Chalmoogra seed	
Hyoscyamus niger
Hypholoma fasciculare	Black henbane, Stinking nightshade
Sulphur tuft	
Ilex aquifolium	Holly, English holly	
Inocybe spp.	Fungi	
Ipomoea burmanni	Morning glory	
Ipomoea hederacea	Morning glory	
Ipomoea tricolor* (see Ipomoea violacea)		
Ipomoea violacea	Morning glory	
Juniperus sabina oil
Kalmia latifolia	Savin oil
Calico bush, Mountain Laurel, Ivy Bush	

Schedule 1 (cont)
Prohibited Plants and Fungi

Column 1
	
Column 2	
Species name	Common name	
		
Laburnum anagyroides	Laburnum, Golden chain, Golden rain, Bean tree	
Lantana camara
Laurelia nova-zelandiae	Lantana
Pukatea	
Lepiota morgani	Fungus	
Lithospermum spp.		
Lobelia inflata	Indian tobacco, Lobelia	
Lophophora spp.	Peyote	
Lycium ferocissimum	Boxthorn, African boxthorn	
Mahonia aquifolia	Oregon grape or Mountain grape root or its extract	
Mandragora officinarum	European mandrake	
Melia azedarach	White cedar, Indian bead tree, Chinaberry	
Menispermum canadense	Yellow parilla, Moonseed 	
Myoporum laetum	Ngaio, Kaio	
Narcissus jonquille	Narcissus, Daffodil, Jonquil	
Narcissus poeticus	Narcissus, Daffodil, Jonquil	
Narcissus pseudonarcissus	Narcissus, Daffodil, Jonquil	
Nerium oleander	Oleander	
Oenanthe aquatica* (see Oenanthe phellandrium)		
Oenanthe phellandrium	Water fennel, Water dropwort	
Omphalotus spp.	Fungi	
Opuntia cylindrica	San Pedro cactus, Cane cactus	
Panaeolus spp.	Fungi	
Papaver bracteatum	Oriental poppy	
Papaver somniferum (other than seeds)	Opium poppy	
Pausinystalia yohimbe*  (see Coryanthe yohimbe)		
Peganum harmala	Wild rue	
Petasites spp.	Butterbur	
Peumus boldus	Boldo	
Phoradendron flavascens*  (see Viscum flavescens)		
Phoradendron serotinum*  (see Viscum flavescens)		

Schedule 1 (cont)
Prohibited Plants and Fungi

Column 1
	
Column 2	
Species name	Common name	
Phoradendron tomentosum*  (see Viscum flavescens)		
Physostigma venenosum	Calabar bean, Ordeal bean	
Phytolacca decandra	Red pokeweed, Poke root	
Phytolacca americana  (see Phytolacca decandra)		
Phytolacca octandra	Inkweed, Red ink plant, Dyeberry	
Pilocarpus spp.		
Piptadenia macrocarpa	Cebil colorado, Cura pag	
Piptadenia peregrina	Cohoba, Coxoba, Yoke	
Pithomyces chartarum
Plugeus spp.	Fungus
Fungi	
Podophyllum peltatum	American mandrake, Mayapple, Podophyllum	
Prestonia amazonica  (see Haemodictyon amazonica)		
Prunus laurocerasus	Cherry laurel	
Psoralea corylifolia	Malay tea	
Psylocybe spp.	Fungi	
Pteridium aquilinum	Bracken Fern	
Pulmonaria spp.	Lungwort	
Punica granatum stem and root bark	Pomegranate	
Rauwolfia spp.	Devil pepper, Rauwolfia	
Ricinus communis	Castor bean, Castor oil plant	
Robinia pseudoacacia	Black locust, False acacia	
Sanguinaria canadensis	Bloodroot, Bloodwort	
Sarothamnus scoparius	Common broom	
Scopolia carniolica	Scopolia	
Senecio aureus	Golden ragwort	
Senecio spp.	Ragwort	
Solanum aviculare	Poroporo, Pooporo, Kohoho, Bullibulli	
Solanum diflorum	False Jerusalem cherry	
Solanum dulcamara	Bittersweet twigs, Blue bindweed, Woody nightshade, Nightshade	
Solanum lactinatum* (see Solanum aviculare)		
Solanum linnaenum (see Solanum sodomeum)		

Schedule 1 (cont)
Prohibited Plants and Fungi

Column 1
	
Column 2	
Species name	Common name	
Solanum nigrum	Black nightshade	
Solanum pseudocapsicum	Jerusalem cherries	
Solanum sodomeum	Apple of Sodom	
Sophora microphylla	Kowhai	
Sophora secundiflora	Mescal bean	
Spartium junceum	Spanish broom	
Spigela marilandica	Pinkroot, Worm grass	
Strophanthus gratus	Strophanthus	
Strophanthus kombe	Strophanthus	
Stropharia cubensis	Fungus	
Strychnos gautheriana	Hoang nan	
Strychnos ignatii	Ignatious bean	
Strychnos malaccensis*
(see Strychnos gautheriana)		
Strychnos nux-vomica	Poison nut, Nux vomica	
Symphytum asperum	Prickley comfrey	
Symphytum officinale	Common comfrey	
Symphytum X uplandicum	Russian comfrey	
Tamus communis	Blackeye root, Black bryony	
Taxus baccata	Yew, European yew, Common yew	
Thevetia neriifolia*  (see Thevetia peruviana)		
Thevetia peruviana	Snake nut	
Trichodesma africana		
Tricholoma muscarium	Fungus	
Tussilago farfara	Coltsfoot	
Veratrum spp.	Hellebore	
Vinca spp.	Periwinkle	
Virola sebifera	Cuajo negro, Camaticaro	
Viscum album	European mistletoe berries	
Viscum flavescens	American mistletoe	
Xysmalobium undulatum	Uzara, Thornbush	
Zamia integrifolia*	Coonties, Florida arrowroot	
* Not an Australian Approved Name.

Editorial note:

Requirements relating to Kava (Piper methysticum) are contained in Standard 2.6.3 of this Code.

Schedule 2
Restricted Plants and Fungi

Column 1	Column 2	Column 3	
			
Species name	Common Name	Natural Toxicant	
Chrysanthemum balsamita	Costmary	Thujone	
Chrysanthemum parthenium*  see Tanacetum parthenium			
Cinchona spp.	Cinchona	Quinine	
Cinnamomum camphora	Camphor tree oil	Safrole, coumarin	
Cinnamomum micranthum	Micranthum oil	Safrole, coumarin	
Hedeoma pulegioides oil*	American pennyroyal
White snakeroot oil	Pulegone	
Hypericum perforatum	St John's wort	Hypericine	
Mentha pulegium oil	European pennyroyal oil	Pulegone	
Sassafras albidum	American sassafras oil	Safrole	
Sassafras officinale*  (see Sassafras albidum)			
Tanacetum balsamita  (see Chrysanthemum balsamita)			
Tanacetum parthenium	Feverfew	Santonin	
Tanacetum vulgare	Tansy oil	Thujone	
Thuja occidentalis	Thuja, White cedar	Thujone	

* Not an Australian Approved Name.