Table of Contents

Foreword..................................................................vi

Chapter 1: Introduction....................................................1-1

Section 1.1: General.....................................................1-1

1.1.1 Background....................................................1-1

1.1.2 Document Set..................................................1-1

1.1.3 Differences between ICAO Standards and those in MOS.............1-2

1.1.4 Differences Published in AIP.....................................1-2

1.1.5 MOS Documentation Change Management........................1-3

1.1.6 Related Documents.............................................1-3

Section 1.2: Definitions..................................................1-4

Chapter 2: Criteria for Establishment or Disestablishment of ARFFS..........2-1

Section 2.1: General.....................................................2-1

2.1.1 Standard: Category Definition for Level 1...........................2-1

2.1.2 Standards for ARFFS...........................................2-1

2.1.3 Level 1 Coverage...............................................2-1

2.1.4 Obtaining Air Transport Data.....................................2-2

Section 2.2: ARFFS Level 2 Coverage.....................................2-3

2.2.1 Standard: Category Definition for Level 2...........................2-3

2.2.2 ARFFS Level 2 Coverage........................................2-3

Chapter 3: Determining the Category of the Aerodrome......................3-1

Section 3.1: General.....................................................3-1

3.1.1 Standard: Determining Critical Aircraft.............................3-1

3.1.2 Aerodrome Category............................................3-2

3.1.3 Aerodrome Category Reductions.................................3-2

3.1.4 Advisory Circular...............................................3-2

Chapter 4: ARFFS Vehicles.................................................4-1

Section 4.1: General.....................................................4-1

4.1.1 Standard: Fire Vehicles..........................................4-1

Chapter 5: Vehicle Performance............................................5-1

Section 5.1: General.....................................................5-1

5.1.1 Standard: Vehicle Performance...................................5-1

Chapter 6: Response Time.................................................6-1

Section 6.1: General.....................................................6-1

6.1.1 Standard: Response Time.......................................6-1

6.1.2 Staffing to Achieve Response Time...............................6-1

6.1.3 Emergency Access Roads.......................................6-1

6.1.4 Difficult Terrain.................................................6-2

Chapter 7: Fire Extinguishing Agent Performance Criteria....................7-1

Section 7.1: General.....................................................7-1

7.1.1 Standard: Fire Extinguishing Agent Performance Criteria.............7-1

7.1.2 Fire Extinguisher Agent Performance Criteria.......................7-2

7.1.3 Reserve Stock of Fire Fighting Agent..............................7-3

Chapter 8: Test Equipment Performance Criteria.............................8-1

Section 8.1: General.....................................................8-1

8.1.1 Standard: Test Equipment for Operational Equipment................8-1

Chapter 9: ARFFS Provision for Published Hours of Operation................9-1

Section 9.1: General.....................................................9-1

9.1.1 Standard: Hours of ARFFS Coverage..............................9-1

Chapter 10: Safety Hazard and Risk Management...........................10-1

Section 10.1: General...................................................10-1

10.1.1 Standard: Risk Assessment.....................................10-1

10.1.2 Standard: Safety Management System...........................10-1

Chapter 11: Interface Arrangements with State or Territory
Fire Brigades and other Third-Party Providers..............................11-1

Section 11.1: General...................................................11-1

11.1.1 Standard: Interface Arrangements...............................11-1

Chapter 12: ARFFS Operational Procedures/Safety
Management.............................................................12-1

Section 12.1: General...................................................12-1

12.1.1 Standard: Standard Operating Procedures........................12-1

12.1.2 Licence to Operate.............................................12-1

12.1.3 Response Times..............................................12-1

12.1.4 Hazard Identification...........................................12-1

12.1.5 Hazard Management Strategy...................................12-1

12.1.6 Advisory Circular..............................................12-1

Chapter 13: Ancillary Equipment..........................................13-1

Section 13.1: General...................................................13-1

13.1.1 Standard: Ancillary Equipment...................................13-1

13.1.2 Optional Ancillary Equipment....................................13-2

13.1.3 Reserve Stocks...............................................13-2

13.1.4 Ancillary Equipment............................................13-2

13.1.5 Advisory Circulars.............................................13-2

Chapter 14: ARFFS Protective Clothing....................................14-1

Section 14.1: General...................................................14-1

14.1.1 Standard: Protective Clothing...................................14-1

14.1.2 Personal Issue................................................14-1

14.1.3 Hazchem Protective Clothing....................................14-1

14.1.4 Clothing for Water Operations...................................14-2

Chapter 15: Reports of an Accident or Incident.............................15-1

Section 15.1: General...................................................15-1

15.1.1 Standard: Report Procedures...................................15-1

15.1.2 Advisory Circular..............................................15-1

Chapter 16: Quality Control...............................................16-1

Section 16.1: General...................................................16-1

16.1.1 Standard: Internal Quality Assurance.............................16-1

16.1.2 Compliance and Safety Inspection Audit Requirements.............16-1

Chapter 17: ARFFS Personnel—Recruitment...............................17-1

Section 17.1: General...................................................17-1

17.1.1 Standard: Recruitment Suitability for Employment..................17-1

17.1.2 Medical Requirements for Recruitment...........................17-1

Chapter 18: Competency Levels...........................................18-1

Section 18.1: General...................................................18-1

18.1.1 Standard: Competency Levels for Fire Fighting Staff................18-1

18.1.2 Competency Assessor.........................................18-4

Chapter 19: ARFFS Qualification Training Establishments...................19-1

Section 19.1: General...................................................19-1

19.1.1 Standard: Training Establishment................................19-1

19.1.2 Training Facilities..............................................19-1

19.1.3 Accreditation Process..........................................19-1

19.1.4 Training Establishment Accreditation.............................19-2

19.1.5 Training Programs.............................................19-2

Chapter 20: ARFFS Personnel Staffing and Training
Requirements............................................................20-1

Section 20.1: General...................................................20-1

20.1.1 Standard: Staff Qualifications....................................20-1

20.1.2 Staffing Levels Recommendations...............................20-1

20.1.3 ARFFS Training Requirements..................................20-2

Chapter 21: ARFFS Medical/Physical Fitness...............................21-1

Section 21.1: General...................................................21-1

21.1.1 Standard: Medical Standards for ARFFS Recruitment..............21-1

21.1.2 Medical requirements for ARFFS staff............................21-1

21.1.3 Fitness for Duty...............................................21-1

Chapter 22: ARFFS Facilities..............................................22-1

Section 22.1: General...................................................22-1

22.1.1 Standard: Fire Station Facility...................................22-1

22.1.2 FSCC Requirements...........................................22-1

22.1.3 Access Roads to Movement Areas...............................22-2

22.1.4 Communication Equipment.....................................22-2

22.1.5 Vehicle Maintenance Facilities...................................22-2

22.1.6 Training Facilities..............................................22-3

22.1.7 Inshore Rescue Boats..........................................22-3

22.1.8 Commissioning of a New Service or Vehicles......................22-4

Chapter 23: Change Management Systems.................................23-1

Section 23.1: General...................................................23-1

23.1.1 Standard: Safety Management..................................23-1

Chapter 24: Facility Maintenance Plan.....................................24-1

Section 24.1: General...................................................24-1

24.1.1 Standard: Appliances Electrical Ancillary BA Sets Radio............24-1

24.1.2 Engine Heaters................................................24-1

24.1.3 Battery Chargers..............................................24-1

24.1.4 Flotation Platforms.............................................24-1

Chapter 25: Interruption or Change to Level of Operational Service and Contingency Plans......25-1

Section 25.1: General...................................................25-1

25.1.1 Standard: Change to Level of Operational Service.................25-1

25.1.2 Service Failure................................................25-1

25.1.3 Reporting Action...............................................25-1

Chapter 26: Service and Facility Management Requirements................26-1

Section 26.1: General...................................................26-1

26.1.1 Standard: Service and Facility Management.......................26-1

Chapter 27: Document and Data Control...................................27-1

Section 27.1: General...................................................27-1

27.1.1 Standard: Documentation.......................................27-1

27.1.2 Electronic Data................................................27-1

27.1.3 Amendment Control............................................27-1

Chapter 28: Records......................................................28-1

Section 28.1: General...................................................28-1

28.1.1 Standard: Record Keeping......................................28-1

28.1.2 Record Types and Retention Period..............................28-1

28.1.3 Advisory Circular..............................................28-2

Chapter 29: Applicant’s Organisation......................................29-1

Section 29.1: General...................................................29-1

29.1.1 Standard: Provider’s Credentials.................................29-1

Revision History.........................................................RH-1

Foreword

The Civil Aviation Safety Authority is responsible under section 9(1)(c) of the Civil Aviation Act 1988 for developing and promulgating appropriate, clear and concise aviation safety standards.

CASA is also responsible under section 9(2)(b) and section 16 of the Act for promoting full and effective consultation and communication with all interested parties on aviation safety issues, and must, in performing its functions and exercising its powers, where appropriate, consult with government, commercial, industrial, consumer and other relevant bodies and organisations.

The Manual of Standards (MOS) is the means CASA uses in meeting its responsibilities under the Act for promulgating aviation safety standards. The MOS prescribes the detailed technical material (aviation safety standards) that is determined to be necessary for the safety of air navigation.

The MOS is referenced in the particular regulation. You should refer to the applicable provisions of the Civil Aviation Act and Civil Aviation Safety Regulations, together with this manual, to ascertain the requirements of, and the obligations imposed by or under, the civil aviation legislation.

The MOS is a disallowable legislative instrument. This means that it is a legislative instrument that becomes effective following registration on the Federal Register of Legislative Instruments (FRLI) and it must be tabled in both Houses of Parliament within 6 sitting days following registration and is subject to scrutiny and disallowance by Parliament.

The responsibility for the technical matters within this Manual of Standards (MOS) is the responsibility of the Aviation Safety Standards Division.

Readers should forward advice of errors, inconsistencies or suggestions for improvement to this manual to the Head, Standards Administration & Support Branch, Aviation Safety Standards, CASA (contact and address details are given on the inside front cover).

The MOS is issued and amended under the authority of the Director of Aviation Safety.

Signed:

Bruce Byron

Director of Aviation Safety

CASA

Chapter 1:   Introduction

Section 1.1:   General

1.1.1                   Background

1.1.1.1              The standards pertaining to the provision of Aerodrome Rescue and Fire Fighting Services (ARFFS) reflects Australia’s commitment to the International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO) Standards and Recommended Practices (SARPs), especially those stated in ICAO Annex 14, Chapter 9.2.1.

1.1.1.2              Where there is a difference between a standard prescribed in SARPs and a standard prescribed in the Manual of Standards (MOS), the MOS standard prevails.

1.1.1.3              Subpart 139.H of the Civil Aviation Safety Regulations 1998 (CASRs) sets out general standards with which an ARFFS must comply. The MOS sets out the detailed requirements, as authorised by the CASRs.

1.1.2                   Document Set

1.1.2.1              The document hierarchy consists of:

(a)         the relevant CASRs; and;

(b)         the MOS; and

(c)          Advisory Circulars (ACs).

1.1.2.2              The regulatory documents establish, for service providers, a comprehensive description of system requirements and the means of meeting them.

1.1.2.3              CASRs establish the regulatory framework (Regulations) within which all service providers must operate.

1.1.2.4              The MOS comprises specifications (Standards) prescribed by CASA, of uniform application, determined to be necessary for the safety of air navigation. In those parts of the MOS where it is necessary to establish the context of standards to assist in their comprehension, the sense of parent regulations has been reiterated. The MOS is a disallowable instrument. This means that it is a legislative instrument that becomes effective on publication in the Government Gazette and it must be tabled in Parliament within fifteen sitting days from when it was made and is subject to scrutiny and disallowance by Parliament.

1.1.2.5              Readers should understand that in the circumstance of any perceived disparity of meaning between MOS and CASRs, primacy of intent rests with the regulations. Where there is any inconsistency between the regulations and the MOS, the regulations prevail.

1.1.2.7              Service providers and operators must document internal actions (Rules) in their own operational manuals, to ensure the maintenance of and compliance with standards.

1.1.2.8              ACs are intended to provide recommendations and guidance to illustrate a means, but not necessarily the only means of complying with the CASRs. ACs may explain certain regulatory requirements by providing interpretive and explanatory materials. It is expected that service providers will document internal actions in their own operational manuals, to put into effect those, or similarly adequate, practices.

1.1.3                   Differences between ICAO Standards and those in MOS

1.1.3.1              Where there is a difference between a standard prescribed in ICAO documents and the MOS, the MOS standard shall prevail.

1.1.4                   Differences Published in AIP

1.1.4.1              Differences from ICAO Standards, Recommended Practices and Procedures are published in AIP Gen 1.7.

1.1.5                   MOS Documentation Change Management

1.1.5.1              Responsibility for the approval of the publication and amendment of the MOS resides with the Branch Head, Airspace, Air Traffic and Aerodrome Standards Branch, of the Aviation Safety Standards Division, Civil Aviation Safety Authority.

1.1.5.2              This document is issued and amended under the authority of the Branch Head, Airspace, Air Traffic and Aerodrome Standards Branch.

1.1.5.3              Requests for any change to the content of the MOS may be initiated from:

(a)         technical areas within CASA;

(b)         aviation industry service providers;

(c)          other aviation industry service providers.

1.1.5.4              The need to change standards in the MOS may be generated by a number of causes. These may be to:

(a)         ensure safety;

(b)         ensure standardisation;

(c)          respond to changed CASA standards;

(d)         respond to ICAO prescription;

(e)         accommodate new initiatives or technologies.

1.1.6                   Related Documents

1.1.6.1              These standards should be read in conjunction with:

(a)         ICAO Annex 14;

(b)         Airports Services Manual Part 1;

(c)          Australian Standard/ISO-Quality systems model for Quality Assurance in production installation and servicing.

Section 1.2:   Definitions

Chapter 2:   Criteria for Establishment or Disestablishment of ARFFS

Section 2.1:   General

2.1.1                   Standard: Category Definition for Level 1

2.1.1.1              Level 1:

(a)         an aerodrome from or to which an international passenger air service operates; and

(b)         any domestic aerodrome through which more than 350,000 passengers passed through on air transport flights during the previous financial year.

2.1.1.2              Where there is a change in the size of aircraft using an aerodrome that, on applying the standard set out in Chapter 3, is seen to require a reduction or increase in the aerodrome category, the ARFFS provider must submit to CASA a Safety Case based on the standard set out in Chapter 3 in order to obtain approval of the necessary reduction or increase in the ARFFS.

2.1.2                   Standards for ARFFS

2.1.2.1              The level of protection provided must be in accordance with ICAO Standards, Chapter 9 of the Annex 14 to the Chicago Convention.

2.1.3                   Level 1 Coverage

2.1.3.1              The level of protection must be in accordance with the specified critical aircraft and fire extinguishing agent performance criteria. The aerodrome category will be determined by the table in Chapter 3, and extinguishing agent performance defined in the table in Chapter 7, of this Manual.

2.1.3.2              Response times must meet International obligations as defined in Chapter 6 of this Manual.

2.1.3.3              The minimum number of Vehicles to achieve adequate protection for Level 1 is as follows:

2.1.3.4              All operational vehicles must be driven and operated on operational responses by ARFFS AFC qualified staff.

2.1.4                   Obtaining Air Transport Data

2.1.4.1              On the 1st November of each year, passenger figures can be obtained from DOTRS to allow ARFFS providers to forecast operational requirements. Aerodromes achieving air transport figures that achieve Level 1 in accordance with paragraph 139.755 (2) (b) will be required to provide an ARFFS to the specified level for the aircraft using the aerodrome.

Section 2.2:   ARFFS Level 2 Coverage

2.2.1                   Standard: Category Definition for Level 2

2.2.1.1              Aerodromes where the number of annual passengers on air transport is less than 350,000 may provide a level of ARFFS. The ARFFS will be subject to audit if published in ERSA and form part of the AEP.

2.2.1.2              The Aerodrome Emergency Plan that must apply will be in accordance with ICAO Standards, Chapter 9, of Annex 14 to the Chicago Convention.

2.2.2                   ARFFS Level 2 Coverage

2.2.2.1              Where ACFT with less than 30 seats operate as air transport, an ARFFS must be provided at a minimum of category 2.

2.2.2.2              Where ACFT with 30 passenger seats or greater operate as air transport, an ARFFS must be provided at a minimum of category 4.

2.2.2.3              The aerodrome category will be determined by the table in Chapter 3, and extinguishing agent performance in the table in Chapter 7, of this Manual.

2.2.2.4              Response time must meet CASA Standards defined in Chapter 6 of this Manual.

2.2.2.5              The minimum number of vehicles to achieve adequate protection for Level 2 is as follows.

2.2.2.6              All operational vehicles must be driven and operated on operational responses by ARFFS AFC qualified staff.

Chapter 3:   Determining the Category of the Aerodrome

Section 3.1:   General

3.1.1                   Standard: Determining Critical Aircraft

3.1.1.1              Each aerodrome must be categorised in accordance with the following table.

3.1.1.2              A figure of 700 movements of the busiest consecutive three-months of the preceding 12 months is used as the benchmark.

3.1.1.3              Determining frequency of operation for an aircraft type is called a movement which is either a take-off or a landing.

3.1.1.4              The aerodrome category for ARFFS is calculated on the overall length of the longest aircraft normally using the aerodrome and the maximum width of the fuselage.

3.1.1.5              To categorise the aerodrome using the aircraft, evaluate its over-all length and then its fuselage width. If, after selecting the appropriate category the fuselage width exceeds the maximum indicated in the table, then the category for that aerodrome will be one category higher.

3.1.2                   Aerodrome Category

3.1.2.1              Should the longest aircraft not reach 700 movements and therefore not be deemed to be the ‘critical’ aircraft, the category can be set at one category below the designated category specified in the table in Chapter 3 (this chapter). This standard will apply to aerodromes meeting Level 1 criteria defined in Chapter 2 of this Manual.

3.1.2.2              The correct level of ARFFS protection shall be available at all times that the ARFFS is operational. ARFFS providers are required to maintain periodic checks on all aircraft operations to ensure the correct category is supplied.

3.1.3                   Aerodrome Category Reductions

3.1.3.1              Aerodromes operating at Level 2 criteria may have the ruling relaxed on fuselage length, following receipt of a risk analysis of the aircraft type presented for CASA consideration and subsequent approval.

3.1.3.2              If advertised in ERSA, NOTAM action must be taken for any reduction below specified ARFFS category as per table in Chapter 3 (this chapter). Further reference is provided in CHAPTER 25 — INTERRUPTION OR CHANGE TO LEVEL OF OPERATIONAL SERVICE AND CONTINGENCY PLANS.

3.1.4                   Advisory Circular

3.1.4.1              Additional information to assist in determining the level of service to be provided for an aerodrome criterion is available in Advisory Circular – No.1.

Chapter 4:   ARFFS Vehicles

Section 4.1:   General

4.1.1                   Standard: Fire Vehicles

4.1.1.1              The minimum number of operational rescue and fire fighting vehicles must be available commensurate with the aerodrome category as defined in Chapters 2 and 3 of this Manual.

4.1.1.2              All ARFFS vehicles excluding boats must be capable of meeting response times as specified in Chapter 6, of this Manual and must contain a crew compartment sufficient for the safe conveyance of ARFFS staff.

4.1.1.3              Vehicle selection and availability must be able to provide the required fire extinguishing agent that achieves the performance criteria set out in Chapter 7, of this Manual.

4.1.1.4              Vehicle performance and specification must be in accordance with Chapter 5, of this Manual.

4.1.1.5              As vehicles are replaced they must meet Australian Design Rules (ADR), State or Territory roadworthy requirements.

4.1.1.6              All operational vehicles must have a current State or Territory road worthy certificate.

4.1.1.7              Vehicles must be of a single, conspicuous colour, or predominantly of a conspicuous colour.

4.1.1.8              All ARFFS vehicles must be fitted with visual audible warning systems that comply with State or Territory Legislation for emergency vehicles.

4.1.1.9              Revolving obstruction beacons for ARFFS vehicles must be red and placed on the vehicle to be observed for 360.

Chapter 5:   Vehicle Performance

Section 5.1:   General

5.1.1                   Standard: Vehicle Performance

5.1.1.1              ARFFS vehicle performance and specification are referred to in Chapter 6, ICAO, Airports Service Manual, Part 1, Rescue and Fire Fighting.

5.1.1.2              Additional information is available in National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) 414, Aircraft Fire Fighting Vehicles.

Chapter 6:   Response Time

Section 6.1:   General

6.1.1                   Standard: Response Time

6.1.1.1              Response time is defined as the time between the initial call to the ARFFS and the time when the first responding vehicle(s) is (are) in position at the aircraft or site of the incident or accident, and if required, produce foam at a rate of at least 50% of the discharge rate specified in the Table defined in Chapter 7 of this Manual.

6.1.1.2              All other vehicles required to deliver the amount of extinguishing agent detailed in Chapter 7, must be capable of arriving so as to provide continuous agent application at the required rate.

6.1.1.3              The operational directive of the ARFFS must be to achieve response times not exceeding three minutes to the end of each runway in optimum visibility and surface conditions.

(a)         the operational objective of the ARFFS is to achieve a two minute response time to the end of each runway;

(b)         the operational objective of the ARFFS is to achieve a response time not exceeding three minutes to any part of the movement area;

(c)          response times for all vehicles must be documented for validation.

6.1.2                   Staffing to Achieve Response Time

6.1.2.1              Staffing to achieve response times. Refer to Chapter 20 of this Manual.

6.1.3                   Emergency Access Roads

6.1.3.1              Emergency access roads must be provided at aerodromes where terrain conditions permit their construction so as to minimise response times. Particular attention should be given to the provision of ready access to approach areas up to 1000 metres from the threshold, or at least within the aerodrome boundary.

6.1.3.2              Access roads and any associated bridges must be capable of supporting the heaviest ARFFS vehicle which may use them and must be constructed so as to be effective in all weather conditions.

6.1.3.3              Where an aerodrome is fenced, access to outside areas must be achieved by provision of emergency or frangible barriers; and

6.1.3.4              Emergency gates must be readily identifiable to the public to indicate their purpose.

6.1.4                   Difficult Terrain

6.1.4.1              At aerodromes where a significant proportion of aircraft movements take place over water, swampy areas or other difficult terrain in the immediate vicinity of the aerodrome and where conventional fire vehicles may not be capable of achieving effective response times the operational procedures and equipment must be availability to respond to accidents which may occur in these areas.

6.1.4.2              These facilities need not be located on the aerodrome if they can be made immediately available within a reasonable response time by off-aerodrome agencies as part of the Aerodrome Emergency Plan. In all cases the Aerodrome Emergency Plan must determine and specify in advance the response area for which it undertakes to provide a rescue service. Ref: Chapter 11 of this Manual and formal arrangements will be required and endorsed by CASA.

6.1.4.3              On-aerodrome facilities will be required to cover difficult environments within a distance of 1000 metres from the threshold of affected runways.

6.1.4.4              The objective of each operation must be to create conditions in which survival is possible and from which the total rescue operation can succeed. This concept anticipates that the initial, rapid response attendance may have to provide a preliminary level of assistance while waiting the arrival of a larger rescue force. The first stage response would have as its objective the removal of immediate hazards to survivors, their protection, including the first aid treatment of injuries, and their communications equipment to identify the location to which additional rescue forces must respond. The emphasis will be on rescue and may not require any fire fighting capacity in the first instant.

Chapter 7:   Fire Extinguishing Agent Performance Criteria

Section 7.1:   General

7.1.1                   Standard: Fire Extinguishing Agent Performance Criteria

7.1.1.1              Having determined the category of the aerodrome, the category figure is then applied to the Table below which determines the minimum amount of water and discharge rate of produced foam required as well as the minimum amount and discharge rate of complementary agent.

7.1.1.2              The required quantities of extinguishing agent must be available for discharge from operational fire vehicles within the response times detailed in Chapter 6 of this Manual.

7.1.1.3              The quantity of foam concentrate separately provided on vehicles for foam production must be in proportion to the quantity of water provided and the foam concentration selected. The amount of foam concentrate should be sufficient to supply at least two full tank loads of water.

7.1.1.4              Foam concentrate of different types or from a different manufacturer must not be mixed except where it has been established that they are interchangeable and compatable.

7.1.1.5              The ARFFS provider may, with CASA approval, substitute extra complementary agent in place of water capacity in accordance with the ICAO formula in Annex 14, Chapter 9.

7.1.1.6              For aerodrome categories 1 and 2:

(a)         for up to 100% of water, a complementary agent may be substituted; and

(b)         for the purposes of the substitution, 1 kg of complementary agent equals 1 L of water, to produce foam meeting performance level A under the Table in paragraph 7.1.1.1.

7.1.2                   Fire Extinguisher Agent Performance Criteria

7.1.2.1              After any allowed substitution of complementary agent for water under paragraph 7.1.1.5, the substitution ratio must be carefully checked by the ARFFS provider for the aerodrome, to ensure the foam solution meets the relevant performance level under the Table in paragraph 7.1.1.1.

7.1.2.2              CASA must be advised of the performance level foam to be used as well as providing a manufacturers certificate verifying that the foam achieves the Standard specified. Ref:  ICAO Airport Service Manual, Part 1, Rescue and Fire Fighting, Extinguishing Agent Characteristics, Chapter 8, para, 8.1.5 and Table 8-1.

7.1.2.3              The foam discharge monitors must be aspirated and have an effective discharge range at least equal to the length of the longest aircraft normally used in determining the aerodrome ARFFS category and have the capability to deliver foam in a dispersed pattern.

7.1.2.4              Vehicles may employ mobile monitor mode operations and /or extendible monitors to assist in or to meet these requirements, subject to a satisfactory demonstration of its ability to CASA.

7.1.2.5              Further information for level of protection and categorisation can be found in ICAO, Airport Services Manual, Part 1, Chapter 2.

7.1.3                   Reserve Stock of Fire Fighting Agent

7.1.3.1              A reserve supply of foam concentrate, and complementary agent, with its associated propellant gas cylinders (each being a fire extinguishing agent) must be maintained at an aerodrome, in accordance with paragraph 7.1.3.1A, to replenish the quantities of the fire extinguishing agents prescribed for the relevant aerodrome category under the Table in paragraph 7.1.1.1.

7.1.3.1A For paragraph 7.1.3.1, the reserve supply must be as follows:

(a)         for foam concentrate — equivalent to 200% of the quantity of the foam concentrate required to make the foam solution prescribed for the relevant aerodrome category under the Table in paragraph 7.1.1.1;

(b)         subject to subparagraph (c), for complementary agent, with its associated propellent gas cylinders — equivalent to 100% of the quantity of the complementary agent, with its associated propellent gas cylinders, prescribed for the relevant aerodrome category under the Table in paragraph 7.1.1.1;

(c)          for aerodrome categories 1 and 2, for which up to 100% of water has been substituted with complementary agent under paragraph 7.1.1.6 — equivalent to 200% of the quantity of the complementary agent, with its associated propellent gas cylinders, prescribed for the relevant aerodrome category under the Table in paragraph 7.1.1.1.

7.1.3.1B Any quantity of foam concentrate carried on fire fighting vehicles, which is more than that required to make the foam solution prescribed for the relevant aerodrome category under the Table in paragraph 7.1.1.1, may contribute to meeting the reserve supply percentage mentioned in subparagraph 7.1.3.1A (a).

 7.1.3.1C If a delay of more than 7 days is reasonably anticipated in replenishing the quantity of any fire extinguishing agent, to meet the reserve supply percentage mentioned in paragraph 7.1.3.1A, the quantity of the reserve supply of the agent must be reasonably increased to allow for the delay.

7.1.3.2              Apart from a domestic water supply, sufficient supplementary water supply must be readily available to replenish fire vehicles. A hydrant system with delivery outlets consistent with the requirements of the ARFFS and local fire brigade must be provided for at the aerodrome fire station.

7.1.3.3              Hydrants with a minimum flow of 30 l/s must be available for the refilling of emergency fire service vehicles. The hydrants must be easily accessible and identified in the ARFFS SOPs.

7.1.3.4              Mobile water tankers may be utilised, provided they are readily available and meet the minimum flow rate.

Chapter 8:   Test Equipment Performance Criteria

Section 8.1:   General

8.1.1                   Standard: Test Equipment for Operational Equipment

8.1.1.1              The necessary test equipment must be available and be regularly calibrated to ensure accuracy of measurement/weight for all operational equipment.

8.1.1.2              The findings must be recorded and maintained as per Chapter 28 of this Manual.

8.1.1.3              Documentation and performance test criteria must be available for each piece of operational equipment.

8.1.1.4              Facilities that require testing are listed below (this is not a comprehensive list):

(a)         vehicle acceleration tests for response times;

(b)         breathing apparatus compressor recharging equipment (where installed);

(c)          discharge of foam output and quality;

(d)         foam concentrate purity;

(e)         operational hose;

(f)            hydrant flow and pressure;

(g)         vehicle pump performance;

(h)         communication equipment;

(i)            pressure cylinders/vessels and high pressure hoses.

8.1.1.5              The above list is not a comprehensive list. All testing must be carried out in accordance with AS, State or Federal Government requirements. If there is a conflict, whichever requirement is the most stringent must apply.

Chapter 9:   ARFFS Provision for Published Hours of Operation

Section 9.1:   General

9.1.1                   Standard: Hours of ARFFS Coverage—Level 1

9.1.1.1              Where an ARFFS is established operational hours must be published in ERSA.

9.1.1.2              Where ARFFS are established facilities and services must be sufficient to offer protection to the type and extent of aircraft movements at an aerodrome.

9.1.1.3              At locations where ARFFS are established fire service protection is only required for the duration of air transport operations including delayed flights.

9.1.1.4              At aerodromes where the daily coverage is for less than 24 hours, the ARFFS must be fully operational for a minimum of 15 minutes before the first scheduled aircraft movement for the day, whether it is an arrival or departure. Also, the operational crew must remain on duty and in operational readiness for 15 minutes following the last aircraft movement for the day, whether it is an arrival or departure.

9.1.1.5              At Level 2 aerodromes where the provision of ARFFS is published in ERSA the hours of availability must also be published.

Chapter 10:   Safety Hazard, Risk Management and Safety Hazard Systems

Section 10.1:   General

10.1.1              Standard: Operational Risk Assessment

10.1.1.1         A safety hazard analysis and risk assessment must be produced for ARFFS operational response at the location for which the licence is issued.

10.1.1.2         Safety hazard analysis and risk assessment must be documented for validation.

10.1.1.3         ARFFS staff must have the knowledge, equipment and training to effectively respond to any hazard on the aerodrome as a result of the risk assessment carried out for the aerodrome.

10.1.1.4         Guidelines for the preparation of a safety case for the airways system is explained in CASA Advisory Circular, CASA/AA MOU. AIRWAYS–1(0), February 1998, and is also available on the CASA Internet Website.

10.1.2              Standard: Safety Management System

10.1.2.1         A Safety Management System (SMS) defines the policies, procedures and practices for managing the safety of the provision of services and any changes in their provision.

10.1.2.2         Features of Safety Management System

The necessary features of an SMS are:

(a)         the service provider’s safety policy and objectives;

(b)         the organisational and staff responsibilities for safety matters;

(c)          the establishment of the levels of safety that apply to the services, and the monitoring of the levels of safety achieved;

(d)         the process for internal safety reviews;

(e)         the process for the internal reporting and management of safety concerns and  incidents;

(f)            the process for the identification, assessment, control and mitigation, of existing and potential safety hazards;

(g)         the definition of the interface arrangements between internal functional groups; and

(h)         the processes for the management of change to existing services and systems.

Chapter 11:   Interface Arrangements with State or Territory Fire Brigades and other Third-Party Providers

Section 11.1:   General

11.1.1              Standard: Interface Arrangements

11.1.1.1         Arrangements must ensure that any interface needed between internal groups is defined and consistent with its safety accountabilities.

11.1.1.2         The interface arrangements, contracts, service level agreements or memoranda of understanding must be in place and address requirements to accept service and data from service providers external to its own operation.

11.1.1.3         The interface arrangements must seek to ensure the integrity and reliability of the data or service being accepted.

11.1.1.4         The third party service provider must have in place management processes which will support the service provided.

11.1.1.5         The third party service provider must have in place processes which will detect any operational change which could affect the integrity and reliability of the data and/or service provided and must facilitate prompt rectification.

11.1.1.6         Documentation must be made available to ensure that arrangements exist to address the integrity and efficiency of communication procedures with the aviation industry (eg; general alerting mechanism, NOTAMs etc).

Chapter 12:   ARFFS Operational Procedures/Safety Management

Section 12.1:   General

12.1.1              Standard: Standard Operating Procedures

12.1.1.1         A series of Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) must be developed that will include operational practices. SOPs must be readily available, maintained and amended as appropriate.

12.1.2              Licence to Operate

12.1.2.1         ARFFS staff must have a current AFC and local competencies for the operating positions that they hold.

12.1.2.3         ARFFS staff must hold a current/valid CASA Certificate of Competency (Licence) for their operating position.

12.1.3              Response Times

12.1.3.1         Response time requirements. Refer to Chapter 6 of this Manual.

12.1.4              Hazard Identification

12.1.4.1         Safety hazard identification. Refer to Chapter 10 of this Manual.

12.1.5              Hazard Management Strategy

12.1.5.1         To control and manage safety hazards and any change to existing systems, equipment or procedures and to ensure that any unacceptable hazards are eliminated will require strategies and procedure development which must result in an SOP. Refer to Chapter 10 of this Manual.

12.1.6              Advisory Circular

12.1.6.1         An example of an SOP can be found in Advisory Circular – No 2.

Chapter 13:   Ancillary Equipment

Section 13.1:   General

13.1.1              Standard: Ancillary Equipment

13.1.1.1         Ancillary equipment must conform to Australian Standards (AS), or in the lack of AS, acceptable International Standards must apply.

13.1.1.2         A list of ancillary equipment must be developed and some of this equipment must be carried at all times. The ancillary equipment list must be submitted to CASA for approval.

13.1.1.3         Ancillary equipment required for operational use must include the following:

(a)         axes;

(b)         crowbars;

(c)          bolt-cutters;

(d)         shovel;

(e)         fire blanket;

(f)            ladders/suitable for aircraft type;

(g)         lights/hand lamps;

(h)         lines;

(i)            power saws;

(j)            lifting and forcing tools;

(k)          breathing apparatus sets dependent on aerodrome category and numbers as per Advisory Circular – No.3;

(l)            webbing seat-belt cutting tools;

(m)       gloves;

(n)         first aid kit/general*;

(o)         first aid kit/crash*;

(p)         hand tools;

(q)         fire fighting branches;

(r)           fire hoses;

(s)          portable fire extinguishers;

(t)            standpipe—per vehicle;

(u)         one full set of adaptors per vehicle (location specific).

13.1.2              Optional Ancillary Equipment

13.1.2.1         Optional equipment is listed below:

(a)         air bags;

(b)         pneumatic tools;

(c)          oxygen resuscitation equipment (ORE);

(d)         automatic external defibrillator (AED).

13.1.3              Reserve Stocks

13.1.3.1         Reserve stocks of ancillary equipment must be sufficient to ensure continuous operation of the required category.

13.1.4              Ancillary Equipment

13.1.4.1         Examples of ancillary equipment by category and level can be found in Advisory Circular – No.3.

13.1.5              Advisory Circulars

13.1.5.1         * First aid kit contents can be found in Advisory Circular – No 4.

Chapter 14:   ARFFS Protective Clothing

Section 14.1:   General

14.1.1              Standard: Protective Clothing

14.1.1.1         Sufficient personal issue of protective clothing must be provided to enable operational rescue and fire fighting staff to perform their function safely and effectively. Protective fire fighting equipment must conform to Australian Standards (AS) or in the lack of AS, accepted International Standards must apply.

14.1.2              Personal Issue

14.1.2.1         All rescue and fire fighting personnel must be provided with a personal issue of at least the following:

(a)         helmet and visor;

(b)         protective coat;

(c)          protective over-trousers and braces;

(d)         gloves/fire fighting/general/first aid;

(e)         boots;

(f)            pocket line.

14.1.3              Hazchem Protective Clothing

14.1.3.1         At locations where transportation of hazardous freight is known to be undertaken:

(a)         the ARFFS personnel must be provided with suitable protective clothing, including breathing apparatus, to enable them to deal safely with any incident or accident that may occur; and

(b)         hazardous freight should be identified as per the requirements of CHAPTER 10: SAFETY HAZARD AND RISK MANAGEMENT; and

(c)          ARFFS staff must have the necessary qualifications as per the requirements of CHAPTER 18: COMPETENCY LEVELS.

14.1.3.2         Where a response to hazardous freight is not performed by ARFFS, arrangements must be in place as per Chapter 11 of this Manual and noted in the AEP accordingly.

14.1.4              Clothing for Water Operations

14.1.4.1         At locations where inshore rescue boats are provided operational staff must be issued with appropriate safety equipment and clothing for the environment in which they operate, including:

(a)         wetsuits;

(b)         drysuits where applicable;

(c)          personal flotation devices;

(d)         goggles.

14.1.4.2         Personal Issue

(a)         body suits;

(b)         rubber boots.

Chapter 15:   Reports of an Accident or Incident

Section 15.1:   General

15.1.1              Standard: Report Procedures

15.1.1.1         Procedures must be developed to record the details of any aircraft accident, incident, building fire, or hazardous incident.

15.1.1.2         The report detail must be sufficient to meet the requirements of a coronial inquiry.

15.1.1.3         The procedures will include the process of advising CASA, the ARFFS provider and maintaining records as per Chapter 28 of this Manual.

CASA must be provided with a hard copy of the form format.

15.1.1.4         The procedure of recording the details can be either hard copy or electronic.

15.1.1.5         Individual reports are required for the following:

(a)         aircraft crash/fire report;

(b)         stand-by/s;

(c)          building fire report;

(d)         incident report;

(e)         first aid report;

(f)            hazchem report.

15.1.2              Advisory Circular

15.1.2.1         AC No 5 provides a list of detailed information required in the compilation of reports for accidents and incidents where the ARFFS has responded.

Chapter 16:   Quality Control

Section 16.1:   General

16.1.1              Standard: Internal Quality Assurance

16.1.1.1         Internal quality assurance procedures must be established and must be robust to ensure compliance with the standards.

16.1.2              Compliance and Safety Inspection Audit Requirements

16.1.2.1         The ARFFS provider must, at any reasonable time after an application is made or a licence issued, permit authorised CASA staff members to conduct safety inspections or safety audits of the certificate holder’s premises, facilities, documents, records, and processes against the requirements of this Part. On-going compliance audits will be carried out by CASA on a regular basis so that CASA may determine compliance with this Part, and to ensure that it discharges its aviation safety surveillance responsibilities under the Civil Aviation Act 1988.

16.1.2.2         Any applicable fees or charges prescribed by CASA for a safety inspection or audit must be paid by a Certificate holder.

Chapter 17:   ARFFS Personnel—Recruitment

Section 17.1:   General

17.1.1              Standard: Recruitment Suitability for Employment

17.1.1.1         When recruiting fire staff, suitable applicants must have a police clearance as their place of employment is in a secure area.

17.1.2              Medical Requirements for Recruitment

17.1.2.1         Personnel recruited for ARFFS will be required to undergo a medical examination prior to recruitment and be subject to ongoing medical examination as defined in Chapter 21 of this Manual.

17.1.2.2         The hazardous nature of the job makes most types of ongoing medication inadvisable. For example, antihistamines and tranquillisers may cause drowsiness and a slowing of reaction time. Sufferers from hay fever who regularly use antihistamines may be assessed as unfit for fire service duty.

17.1.2.3         The criteria to be considered in establishing a recruitment medical policy is as follows:

(a)         general physique;

(b)         upper limbs;

(c)          locomotion;

(d)         hearing;

(e)         vision;

(f)            general fitness.

17.1.2.4         Personnel recruited for ARFFS duties may be required to be multi-skilled in other aerodrome activities.

17.1.2.5         Recruitment policy must reflect obligations under State, Territory and Federal Laws reflecting OH&S, Equity and Diversity and any other legislation that may impact on the recruitment process.

Chapter 18:   Competency Levels

Section 18.1:   General

18.1.1              Standard: Competency Levels for Fire Fighting Staff

18.1.1.1         All operational fire fighting staff must hold the appropriate competencies, which is commensurate with the functional position to be occupied.

18.1.1.2         This will be detailed and recorded to include, but not restricted to:

(a)         AFC qualifications;

(b)         local and general ratings;

(c)          special skills if required;

(d)         drivers licence;

(e)         aerodrome licence;

(f)            aerodrome security number;

(g)         90 day competency checks.

18.1.1.3         All operational fire fighting staff must be given on-the-job training in accordance with a program to ensure that core competencies applicable to the functional level are maintained and validated regularly with a maximum permissible interval of 90 days. (Refer to Chapter 20 of the MOS.)

18.1.1.4         All ARFFS staff must attend a CASA accredited ARFFS training course at intervals not exceeding four years for instruction on technological changes and to practice revised fire fighting procedures.

18.1.1.5         All operational ARFFS staff must comply with CASA standards that require a current qualification and Certificate of Competency commensurate with the functional role at a specific location. (Refer to paragraph 12.1.2.3.)

18.1.1.6         The following AFC qualifications as prescribed by the Australian Qualification Framework (AQF) apply:

18.1.1.7         All operational staff must hold a current competency in Aviation Fire Fighting Operations for the skill qualifications required for the operating position in accordance with CASA requirements of the AFC Training Modules.

18.1.1.8         An officer in Charge of ARFFS operations at Level 1 aerodromes must be a person who holds the following qualification:

(a)         for aerodromes categorised, category 6 and above, a minimum of an ARFFS AFC Advanced Diploma;

(b)         for aerodromes categorised, category 5 and below, a minimum of an ARFFS AFC Diploma.

18.1.1.9         An officer in charge of an ARFFS at a Level 2 aerodrome, which has been established in accordance with CHAPTER 2: CRITERIA FOR ESTABLISHMENT OR DISESTABLISHMENT OF ARFFS, must hold:

(a)         if the aerodrome is categorised as category 6 or above — at least an ARFFS AFC Advanced Diploma; or

(b)         if the aerodrome is categorised as category 5 or below — at least an ARFFS AFC Diploma.

18.1.1.10     All shift supervisor/s on a staff of operational fire fighters must hold an ARFFS AFC Diploma competency in accordance with CASA requirements of the AFC Training Modules.

18.1.1.11     The CASA ARFFS minimum requirements of the AFC Training Modules for fire fighters, fire officers responsible for any activities of staff and the fire officer in charge of ARFFS are identified in the following schedule.

18.1.1.12     As the above minimum requirements represent a CASA AFC qualification, a Statement of Attainment will be issued by an approved CASA training establishment. The Statement of Attainment can be utilised by participants towards gaining further AFC Certificates.

18.1.1.13     Current Competencies must be demonstrated during the 90-day validity cycle.

18.1.1.14     A Statement of Attainment must include all prerequisite requirements.

18.1.1.15     The fire officer qualifications must hold all prerequisites (i.e. Certificate of Attainment in AFC Diploma).

18.1.1.16     The issue of an AFC Certificate acknowledges that all modules and prerequisites have been completed.

18.1.2              Competency Assessor

18.1.2.1         The assessment of a Module can only be facilitated by a qualified workplace assessor (AFC Certificate 4 - Module 3.22) using curriculum approved assessment tools. The assessor must be in possession of the minimum modules for each AFC certificate or Diploma that requires aviation theoretical or practical fire fighting elements (ie 2.34 and 3.06) and be verified by an accredited validator under the AFC qualification process.

18.1.2.2         Prior to a Certificate or a Statement of Attainment being issued, each module must be validated by an approved CASA training establishment. A Statement of Attainment (for Certificate 2,3,4 or Diploma), or a qualification for Certificate 2,3,4 or Diploma, must only be issued from an approved CASA training establishment.

18.1.2.3         An AFC Certificate and a Statement of Attainment must be issued after validation by an independent third party.

18.1.2.4         It should be noted that some prerequisites for the AFC modules may also be required from a training institution. However, recognition of prior competencies or prior learning regimes can be applied which may satisfy the prerequisite requirements.

18.1.2.5         Some modules can be achieved at local *Colleges or learning institutions that provide fire technological courses, whereas modules that require specific aviation fire service practical skill input, can only be achieved from a CASA accredited aviation fire training provider. Refer to Chapter 20 of this Manual.

18.1.2.6         * Any College or Institution that is utilised by an ARFFS provider to undertake the above training regimes must be advised by the authority having jurisdiction of the ARFFS, of accreditation required by CASA in Chapter 19, of this Manual.

Chapter 19:   ARFFS Qualification Training Establishments

Section 19.1:   General

19.1.1              Standard: Training Establishment

19.1.1.1         Training establishments that issue AFC competency certificates for ARFFS staff must develop:

(a)         a procedure for CASA Accreditation of Training Establishments;

(b)         an establishment which provides training courses for aviation rescue and fire fighting staff and which has CASA accreditation. Establishments are to apply to CASA in writing for accreditation.

19.1.2              Training Facilities

19.1.2.1         The application by the training establishment must:

(a)         describe the facilities provided for theoretical and practical training; course curricula; and assessment and validation arrangements;

(b)         detail the training establishment’s management structure and safety accountabilities and the qualifications and experience of staff with management responsibilities;

(c)          provide samples of the proposed procedures for the conduct of written, oral and practical tests, together with the arrangements for assessment;

(d)         provide evidence of the arrangements to cater for the general needs of students undergoing training.

19.1.3              Accreditation Process

19.1.3.1         The initial CASA accreditation process will consist of five phases:

(a)         informal discussion, at which CASA’s overall requirements will be explained and any questions answered;

(b)         document assessment, in which all supplied documentation e.g. course content, details of staff course structure etc. will be examined;

(c)          practical assessment, in which physical and practical facilities will be formally inspected and sessions sampled;

(d)         external training accreditation reviewed, whereby existing registrations as an accredited tertiary or private provider of vocational education and training are confirmed; and

(e)         an examination of quality management and quality assurance documentation.

19.1.4              Training Establishment Accreditation

19.1.4.1         On meeting all the CASA standards and successful completion of the above process, training establishments will be accredited as meeting CASA training standards.

19.1.4.2         CASA will advise the training establishment in writing of its accreditation status.

19.1.4.3         The issue of accreditation by CASA will be dependent upon the management of that establishment attesting in writing that the requirements for continuing accreditation have been noted.

19.1.4.4         Continued CASA accreditation is dependent upon continuing compliance with CASA’s standards. CASA will periodically audit the training establishments to monitor compliance.

19.1.4.5         In the event that a CASA audit finds that there is a continual shortfall in compliance with the standards, CASA will formally notify the training establishment of the items of non-compliance.  The written notice shall specify a time frame in which the non-compliance is to be rectified.

19.1.4.6         If, following this written notification and the rectification period, the standards remain below the level required, CASA shall notify the training establishment that its CASA accreditation has lapsed, and of the consequent restrictions which are to be placed on its further training course undertakings until accreditation is re-gained.

19.1.4.7         To regain accreditation, the training establishment will need to satisfy a CASA audit showing that it has rectified the items of non-compliance.

19.1.4.8         Training establishments may be required to meet CASA charges for both initial accreditation and subsequent audits. This is subject to the outcome of the review of CASA’s cost recovery arrangements and may not apply.

19.1.5              Training Programs

19.1.5.1         Training programs must:

(a)         demonstrate a method of maintaining up-to-date course content and training material;

(b)         demonstrate a high standard of initial and ongoing training;

(c)          provide a continuing programme, designed to ensure a complete familiarity with technological developments, AFC curriculum reviews and all theoretical and practical aspects of rescue and fire fighting, equipment and aircraft;

(d)         have the capability and capacity to provide the full range of courses, however, the establishment may be approved to conduct single courses; and

(e)         maintain all training records for 5 years.

Chapter 20:   ARFFS Personnel Staffing and Training Requirements

Section 20.1:   General

20.1.1              Standard: Staff Qualifications

20.1.1.1         Officers in charge of ARFFS operations at Level 1 aerodromes must be a person who holds the following qualification:

(a)         for aerodromes categorised, category 6 and above, a minimum of an ARFFS AFC Advanced Diploma;

(b)         for aerodromes categorised, category 5 and below, a minimum of an ARFFS AFC Diploma.

20.1.1.2         Officers in Charge of ARFFS operations at Level 2 aerodromes where established in accordance with Chapter 2 of the MOS must be a person who holds the qualification:

(a)         for aerodromes categorised, category 6 and above, a minimum of an ARFFS AFC Advanced Diploma;

(b)         for aerodromes categorised, category 5 and below, a minimum of an ARFFS AFC Diploma.

20.1.1.3         A shift supervisor must not exercise responsibility for staff of operational fire fighters or for any activity unless he or she is qualified to do so and holds any required AFC diploma in accordance with the requirements set out in the AFC Training Modules in paragraphs 18.1.1.6 and 18.1.1.10.

20.1.1.4         All operational staff must hold a current/valid CASA Certificate of Competency and a current competency in Aviation Fire Fighting Operations for the skill qualifications required for the operating position in accordance with CASA requirements of the AFC Training Modules.

20.1.2              Staffing Levels Recommendations

20.1.2.1         During promulgated hours of operation and while any other movements of aircraft that require use of a licensed aerodrome are taking place, sufficient trained personnel are to be detailed and readily available to staff the rescue and fire fighting vehicles and to operate the equipment at the discharge rates appropriate to the aerodrome category. These trained personnel must be deployed in a way that ensures the minimum response time can be achieved and that continuous agent application at the appropriate rate can be fully maintained should an aircraft accident or incident occur.

20.1.2.2         Aerodromes meeting Level 1 criteria (see Chapter 2 of this Manual) must ensure that the designated staffing levels are met to provide protection for all aircraft movements and property during each operational shift.

20.1.2.3         At non 24-hour aerodromes the ARFFS must be fully operational 15 minutes prior to and after departure of the nominated aircraft coverage as advertised in ERSA.

20.1.2.4         At aerodromes meeting Level 2 criteria (refer to Chapter 2 of this Manual) the ARFFS fire stations where established must be fully operational for a minimum of 15 minutes prior to the scheduled aircraft arrival and staff must remain on duty and in operational readiness for 15 minutes following the last air transport departure.

20.1.2.5         When formulating staff numbers, consideration must be given to the type of aircraft using the aerodrome and the need for personnel for vehicle operation, to use handlines, ladders, and other rescue and fire fighting operations including command and control of fire ground as the combatant authority.

20.1.2.6         ARFFS staff engaged in extraneous duties must be capable of meeting the response time from those duties. They must not be employed on fuelling duties when forming part of the minimum staff due to the hazard of fuel contaminated clothing and the safety requirements in closing down such an operation.

20.1.2.7         Fire vehicles capable of producing foam or other media through a monitor, must ensure that the role of the monitor operator must not be performed by the driver of that vehicle, other than when the vehicle is stationary.

20.1.2.8         Introduction of new technology that can reduce staffing levels in vehicle operation may be approved subject to the requirements of Chapter 23, Change Management Systems.

20.1.3              ARFFS Training Requirements

20.1.3.1         Processes must be in place to allow supervisory staff who are qualified and competent to perform the tasks required of them to monitor the continuing competency levels of the staff under their control on a periodic basis.

20.1.3.2         Training can be divided into the following categories:

(a)         initial training to achieve a new qualification or competency;

(b)         training to transfer or upgrade from a current  qualification or  competency to a new qualification or competency;

(c)          special requirements for ‘direct entry’ staff;

(d)         local aerodrome ARFFS competencies;

(e)         all operational fire fighting staff must be given on-the-job training in accordance with a program to ensure that core competencies applicable to the functional level are maintained and validated regularly  with a maximum permissible interval of 90 days.

20.1.3.3         Core competency training for each qualification held is required within the 90‑day period. The core competencies are listed below. This list is not conclusive and may require local ratings, e.g. Water Rescue Service.

(a)         application of foam onto a fire by an attack vehicle monitor;

(b)         topography;

(c)          aircraft familiarisation;

(d)         Fire Station Communication Centre;

(e)         fire alarms:

(i)            indicator panels;

(ii)          detection and suppression systems;

(f)            driving and operation of vehicles;

(g)         don and start-up of BA;

(h)         firemanship to include:

(i)            hose and branch work;

(ii)          knots and lines;

(iii)        use of ladders;

(iv)        agent application applied through operational branches and use of rescue equipment;

(i)            first aid CPR/EAR and injury management;

(j)            perform Incident Command System (ICS) skills in simulated operations/or incidents;

(k)          pre-incident planning; SOPs, MOAs, AEP and tactical plan.

20.1.3.4         ARFFS staff training can be by either conducting approved in-house training to the levels required or by out sourcing any or all of its training to an establishment approved by CASA.

20.1.3.5         A yearly fire station Training Programme that complements the 90-day validity check must be developed, displayed and retained in accordance with Chapter 28 of the MOS.

20.1.3.6         In-house training must define, document and maintain processes, which address the integrity of staff training compatible with the Australian Fire Competency (AFC) or other qualification accepted and approved by CASA.

20.1.3.7         Where in-house training is conducted the training program for each course must be comprehensive and achieve the goals established in the training, in particular:

(a)         training must align with the vehicle requirements for the aerodrome category certification; and

(b)         all qualified staff must participate on a regular basis in realistic exercises representing a crash/accident/incident to simulate the category of the aerodrome.

20.1.3.8         The assessment process must include a robust record keeping system which records all progress and completion assessments.

20.1.3.9         A remedial process must be implemented to identify deficiencies in technique, application or knowledge and must rectify these promptly with follow up action to ensure compliance. The process must ensure that officers in need of remedial training are afforded the appropriate level of counselling and assistance.

20.1.3.10     When developing a training programme a time limit on validity of elements of a training programme must be set.

20.1.3.11     ARFFS training conducted by external sources must ensure that the training establishment has been approved by CASA for this purpose.

20.1.3.12     ARFFS external training must provide the following:

(a)         a process for reporting staff experience levels and qualifications of the training establishments; and

(b)         a process for identifying staff requiring update or new competency training.

20.1.3.13     The safe transition of recently qualified staff into operational service must be through:

(a)         a transition process; and

(b)         consolidation of acquired skills prior to full operational service.

Local competency requirements must include:

(a)         topography on/off aerodrome;

(b)         first aid;

(c)          Fire Station Communication Centre (FSCC);

(d)         aircraft familiarisation:

(i)            vehicle and water rescue equipment where applicable;

(ii)          difficult environment that may be encountered within the response area;

(e)         Hazchem procedures;

(f)            Incident Command System (ICS).

20.1.3.14     A process must be in place for maintaining and updating records of staff qualifications including Certificates of Competency for all levels.

Chapter 21:   ARFFS Medical/Physical Fitness

Section 21.1:   General

21.1.1              Standard: Medical Standards for ARFFS Recruitment

21.1.1.1         Before beginning initial training, prospective candidates must pass a medical examination. CASA’s Aviation Medical Certificate Class 2 is the minimum standard.

21.1.1.2         ARFFS staff must take into account their obligations under OH&S and the responsibilities under Duty of Care and notify their employer of any existing medical condition that would adversely affect their ability to perform ARFFS duties.

21.1.2              Medical requirements for ARFFS staff

21.1.2.1         All staff must ensure that they maintain a continued level of medical and physical fitness to enable them to perform at the level required for their function.

21.1.2.2         ARFFS staff must take into account their obligations under OH&S and the responsibilities under Duty of Care and notify their employer of any existing medical condition that would adversely affect their ability to perform ARFFS duties.

21.1.2.3         A physical fitness policy must be developed for all operational staff to maintain a continued level of medical and physical fitness to enable them to perform at the level required for their function.

21.1.2.4         A physical fitness test should be developed for prospective employees.

21.1.3              Fitness for Duty

21.1.3.1         A person must not act in any capacity for which the authority of the ARFFS Certificate of Competency as defined in this Manual is required if, by reason of having consumed, used or otherwise absorbed alcoholic liquor, a drug or pharmaceutical or medical preparation or other substance, the person’s capacity so to act is impaired.

21.1.3.2         ARFFS staff must be aware that certain medications can affect their ability to operate fire vehicles and associated fire fighting equipment. Staff must seek medical advice on the effect of any such medication on the level of performance of ARFFS functions.

Chapter 22:   ARFFS Facilities

Section 22.1:   General

22.1.1              Standard: Fire Station Facility

22.1.1.1         Facilities must be established that are appropriate to enable the fire service to respond to airport emergencies.

22.1.1.2         The siting of a fire station facility must take into consideration the requirement of achieving response times as defined in Section 6.1, of this Manual.

22.1.1.3         New or modified fire stations at Level 1 must provide an FSCC where all landings and take-offs of air transport aircraft are observed so as not to delay response times.

22.1.2              FSCC Requirements

22.1.2.1         An aerodrome’s ARFFS FSCC must provide clear vision of the aerodrome’s runway and “short final” approaches by:

(a)         direct out-of-the-window observations (which may require appropriate elevation of the FSCC or part of it); or

(b)         subject to paragraph 22.1.2.1A, using a visual surveillance system terminating at the FSCC, which provides indirect observations of the runway and approaches, if the indirect observations do not have the effect of delaying the response time of the ARFFS to an emergency when compared to the response time after making direct out‑of‑the‑window observations.

22.1.2.1A For subparagraph 22.1.2.1 (b), a visual surveillance system must not be installed at an aerodrome unless the ARFFS provider for the aerodrome has obtained CASA’s written approval for the installation.

22.1.2.2         Crash Alarm and Direct Lines facilities must be provided where a TWR is located on the same aerodrome. Two-way activation of facilities is required.

22.1.2.3         Subject to paragraph 22.1.2.3A, an aerodrome fire alarm must terminate at the aerodrome’s ARFFS FSCC.

22.1.2.3A An aerodrome fire alarm may terminate at premises other than at the aerodrome’s ARFFS FSCC if, for the premises:

(a)         a fire alarm monitoring provider constantly monitors the alarm in accordance with Part 3, Fire alarm monitoring of Australian Standard AS 1670.3:2024, titled Fire detection, warning, control and intercom systems — System design, installation and commissioning, as existing from time to time; and

(b)         there is a current written agreement between the ARFFS provider for the aerodrome and the fire alarm monitoring provider, under which, if the alarm is activated, the fire alarm monitoring provider is required to immediately notify the ARFFS provider of the activation; and

(c)          the time taken for the ARFFS to respond to the activation is not significantly more than the time it would otherwise take had the alarm terminated at the FSCC.

22.1.2.4         Transfer facilities to be provided to either the TWR or Local Fire Brigade.

22.1.2.5         Communication facilities for notification of emergency services.

22.1.2.6         Alerting P/A system for fire staff personnel located at the fire station and its environs.

22.1.2.7         All aircraft landings and take-off of air transport must be observed by the FSCC operator or designated officer.

22.1.2.8         Aerodromes meeting Level 2 category requirements may provide an FSCC.

22.1.3              Access Roads to Movement Areas

22.1.3.1         Access roads to movement areas will be constructed to enhance operational responses.

22.1.4              Communication Equipment

22.1.4.1         All ARFFS vehicles must be provided with suitable communication equipment.

22.1.4.2         Communication equipment frequencies must be compatible with associated Air Traffic Services and Marine Frequencies (where appropriate).

22.1.4.3         Communication equipment within the fire station and work areas must be provided and be linked with the FSCC alerting system. The FSCC must have facilities to monitor operational, emergency and UHF radio frequencies as nominated by the ARFFS provider and approved by CASA.

22.1.5              Vehicle Maintenance Facilities

22.1.5.1         An ARFFS provider must have in place a process which will ensure that maintenance facilities or an appropriate maintenance provider will service and repair equipment, vehicle and radios to manufacturers specifications.

22.1.5.2         After fire service use, areas for vehicles which would include a vehicle wash down area, replenishment area, hose cleaning and drying area must be provided.

22.1.6              Training Facilities

22.1.6.1         The following training facilities must be available for use at an aerodrome where an ARFFS is provided:

(a)         a training ground that can support fire vehicles;

(b)         suitable facilities that allow hot fires, and the tactical positioning and application of fire extinguishing agents;

(c)          a raised platform, for ladder and branch work, which is suitable for the use of breathing apparatus;

(d)         a suitable lesson room for theoretical training;

(e)         a breathing apparatus training facility.

22.1.6.1A An ARFFS training facility mentioned in paragraph 22.1.6.1 may be located other than at an aerodrome where the ARFFS is provided if CASA has given the ARFFS provider for the aerodrome prior written approval for the location of the facility.

22.1.6.2         Storage facilities must be provided for the safe storage of reserve stocks of fire fighting agent.

22.1.7              Inshore Rescue Boats

22.1.7.1         If provided at an aerodrome:

(a)         inshore rescue boats must be housed, berthed, stored, or otherwise located, in accordance with paragraph 22.1.7.1A; and

(b)         wetsuits (and drysuits, if applicable), personal flotation devices, and associated equipment, must have appropriate stowage facilities and drying areas.

22.1.7.1A For subparagraph 22.1.7.1 (a), the ARFFS provider for the aerodrome must ensure each boat is housed, berthed, stored, or otherwise located, in a way that:

(a)         allows rapid operational deployment of the boat in an emergency; and

(b)         subject to subparagraph (a), complies with the boat manufacturer’s operating, and maintenance, requirements for the boat.

22.1.7.2         Flotation platforms/life rafts for 50% of passengers on the largest aircraft using the aerodrome must be provided.

22.1.7.3         Launch ramps on aerodromes must be well lit, identified and maintained to enable a quick response to any emergency response.

22.1.7.4         Where a Rescue Boat is located, appropriate facilities must be maintained for towing and launching at designated locations within the airport boundary.

22.1.7.5         Arrangements for testing and recording of maintenance of flotation platforms or life rafts and certification must be undertaken to ensure serviceability of the equipment as per the appropriate Australian Standard or in the absence of a standard the manufacturer’s instructions.

22.1.8              Commissioning of a New Service or Vehicle

22.1.8.1         An ARFFS provider may not commission a new service, vehicle or facility unless:

(a)         the requirements of this MOS are complied with in respect to the new service or facility, and the applicable inclusions have been made to the holder’s operations manual;

(b)         a formal acknowledgment which includes the new service vehicle or facility has been issued by CASA to the holder;

(c)          the commissioning is carried out in accordance with the commissioning process included in the holder’s operations manual.

22.1.8.2         Commissioning of a new service or vehicle also needs to take into account the requirements of Chapter 23, Change Management Systems.

Chapter 23:   Change Management Systems

Section 23.1:   General

23.1.1              Standard: Safety Management

23.1.1.1         A change management system must be established and documented, which defines the policy, procedures and practices for managing the safety of the ARFFS and any change in the level of service provision.

23.1.1.2         The procedure must be designed to reduce the risk to any changes that may occur within the operational service and may employ any, or a combination of the following (this is not a restrictive list):

(a)         process and/or procedural redesign;

(b)         equipment redesign/new equipment;

(c)          introduction of new extinguishing agents;

(d)         staff training;

(e)         administrative controls;

(f)            any additional ARFFS operational hazard.

23.1.1.3         The procedures must ensure that all changes are documented in such a way that all users are informed of the change and details approval authorities who are linked to the identified safety accountabilities.

23.1.1.4         The approving authority is required to be linked to any action relating to system design, system operation or restoration of a service and monitoring system, these areas can be defined as:

(a)         system design authority that is responsible for the design of the system and procedures;

(b)         operating authority that is responsible for the general operation of the system or procedure; and

(c)          maintenance authority that is responsible for the maintenance of the system or procedure.

23.1.1.5         Introduction of new technology that can reduce staffing levels in vehicle operation may be approved by CASA following the submission of a safety case.

Chapter 24:   Facility Maintenance Plan

Section 24.1:   General

24.1.1              Standard:  Vehicles, Electrical, Radio, Ancillary Equipment and BA Sets

24.1.1.1         A methodology must be in place, in relation to vehicles, electrical equipment, radio equipment, ancillary equipment and BA Sets, to ensure the integrity of systems and maintenance schedules for the provision of the ARFFS.

24.1.1.2         A maintenance program including preventive maintenance must be established.

24.1.2              Engine Heaters

24.1.2.1         An aerodrome’s ARFFS FSCC must provide clear vision of the aerodrome’s runway and “short final” approaches by:

24.1.3              Battery Chargers

24.1.3.1         Maintenance schedules must conform to the requirements of Chapter 26 of this Manual.

24.1.4              Flotation Platforms

24.1.4.1         Guidelines for a facility maintenance plan will need to consider the requirements of Australian Standards, Manufacturers Instructions and Guidelines.

Chapter 25:   Interruption or Change to Level of Operational Service and Contingency Plans

Section 25.1:   General

25.1.1              Standard: Change to Level of Operational Service

25.1.1.1         Any proposed change to the level of service provision of ARFFS as defined in Chapters 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 18 and 20 of this MOS must be approved by CASA before publication in ERSA.

25.1.2              Service Failure

25.1.2.1         A procedure must be in place to minimise the impact of any interruption to the level of operational service.

25.1.2.2         A procedure must be in place to report and rectify any failure which results in a loss of level of service as detailed in this Manual.

25.1.2.3         These contingency procedures must prescribe detailed requirements for operational staff in the event of any interruption to the level of service provision.

25.1.2.4         The process will ensure that all affected and interested parties are promptly notified of the interruption to the operational service and its consequences. The notification process will address both internal and external industry needs.

25.1.3              Reporting Action

25.1.3.1         If there is a need to temporarily reduce the category of the ARFFS provision due to an unforeseen circumstance affecting impending aircraft movements, all affected parties shall be notified immediately by NOTAM.

25.1.3.2         NOTAM action is not necessary for temporary reductions in ARFFS provisions, provided that the type of aircraft movement planned for the aerodrome during the temporary reduction does not exceed the reduced category. In these circumstances ARFFS is to advise ATC of the details of the reduction by direct recorded line.

25.1.3.3         Procedures for the re-establishment of normal service must ensure the safe and orderly transition to full operational service for parties affected.

Chapter 26:   Service and Facility Management Requirements

Section 26.1:   General

26.1.1              Standard: Service and Facility Management

26.1.1.1         Procedures must be defined and documented which will ensure the continuous, safe operation of, or reduction of, the level of service and facility provided.

26.1.1.2         To assure the satisfactory operation of systems, equipment and procedures in accordance with the safety management requirements, the following processes must be in place.

(a)         the current configuration, that is to be identified in specifications, drawings and documents to assure the system is being operated to a known state;

(b)         preventive and corrective maintenance and quality assurance procedures. This requirement must assure the ongoing operation is in accordance with the performance standards;

(c)          reliability and maintainability data analysis to confirm performance standards and/or safety assessment;

(d)         integrity monitoring and control processes to assure ongoing operation of the system is in accordance with its performance standards;

(e)         defect reporting processes to ensure equipment and procedures meet an ongoing performance standard equal to its performance expectation at design, acquisition, acceptance and after modification;

(f)            a critical system failure reporting procedure as a means of linking the performance of the elements of the airways system to management accountabilities; and

(g)         an equipment fault and air safety incident reporting system to ensure that there is a method of monitoring the level of service provision against that required by the users.

Chapter 27:   Document and Data Control

Section 27.1:   General

27.1.1              Standard: Documentation

27.1.1.1         The following procedures must be in place:

(a)         define, document and maintain a process for document control;

(b)         ensure that the authority for issue and/or amendment is appropriate to the management and safety accountability structures;

(c)          ensure that the latest version of all documentation is readily available to all users requiring provision;

(d)         ensure that a master copy of all operational and technical documents are secure;

(e)         ensure that a copy of obsolete documentation is archived and all other versions are destroyed promptly;

(f)            check that operational and technical instructions conform with agreed policy and internal documentation standards;

(g)         encourage all levels of operation to confine like type documents to standard presentation formats.

27.1.2              Electronic Data

27.1.2.1         An electronic system must be available to record all voice data and system activation in relation to ARFFS operation in the FSCC.

27.1.2.2         Radio transmissions dealing with aircraft emergencies and operational incidents must be electronically recorded.

27.1.3              Amendment Control

27.1.3.1         Amendments may be proposed by industry or as a result of information received through safety audits, incidents or occurrence reports or other mechanisms.

27.1.3.2         Amended documents must be duly noted and dated.

Chapter 28:   Records

Section 28.1:   General

28.1.1              Standard: Record Keeping

28.1.1.1         Recognised quality assurance procedures must be established to identify, collect, index, store, update and maintain records necessary for the safe provision of service.  The procedures must ensure that legible and permanent records and a traceable history are kept.

28.1.1.2         These records may be called upon by the Australian Transport Safety Bureau, CASA, a coroner, the police force of a State or Territory and any other agency with authority to do so.

28.1.1.3         Records must be maintained and available for five years or for a specified time as indicated below.

28.1.2              Record Types and Retention Period

28.1.3              Advisory Circular

28.1.3.1         AC No. 5 provides a list of detailed information required in the compilation of reports for accidents and incidents where the ARFFS has responded.

Chapter 29:   Applicant’s Organisation

Section 29.1:   General

29.1.1              Standard: Provider’s Credentials

29.1.1.1         Potential ARFFS providers must establish with the aerodrome operator that sufficient resources are available to enter into contractual arrangements to provide an ARFFS at the level specified for the category of the aerodrome.

29.1.1.2         It is recommended that the licensee consider the following:

(a)         operational expertise/ training qualifications

(b)         financial structure;

(c)          suppliers of essential supplies;

(d)         human resource management policies;

(e)         environmental policy;

(f)            training policy;

(g)         quality assurance policy;

(h)         provision of operational manual;

(i)            vehicle performance records;

(j)            vehicle specification/performance and ability to supply ARFFS at the specified level;

(k)          vehicle equipment maintenance policy and the ability to provide a continual provision of ARFFS.

Notes to Manual of Standards Part 139H

Note 1

The Manual of Standards Part 139H (in force under the Civil Aviation Safety Regulations 1998) as shown in this compilation comprises Manual of Standards Part 139H amended as indicated in the Tables below.

Table of Manual of Standards and Amendments

Table of Amendments

Chapter Note   The Revision History shows the most recent amendment first. Scroll down the table to view details of previous amendments.