Contents
Part I—Preliminary 1
1............................ Short title............................................................................ 1
2............................ Object of this Act................................................................ 1
2A......................... Application of Act to Commonwealth and Commonwealth authorities 1
2B.......................... Application of Act to States and Territories........................ 2
2BA....................... Application of Part IV to local government bodies............. 2
2C.......................... Activities that are not business............................................ 3
3............................ Repeal................................................................................. 4
4............................ Interpretation....................................................................... 5
4A......................... Subsidiary, holding and related bodies corporate.............. 19
4B.......................... Consumers........................................................................ 21
4C.......................... Acquisition, supply and re‑supply.................................... 24
4E.......................... Market.............................................................................. 25
4F.......................... References to purpose or reason....................................... 25
4G......................... Lessening of competition to include preventing or hindering competition 25
4H......................... Application of Act in relation to leases and licences of land and buildings 26
4J........................... Joint ventures.................................................................... 26
4K.......................... Loss or damage to include injury...................................... 27
4KA....................... Definitions etc. that do not apply in Part XI or Schedule 2 27
4L.......................... Severability....................................................................... 27
4M......................... Saving of law relating to restraint of trade and breaches of confidence 27
4N......................... Extended application of Part IIIA..................................... 28
5............................ Extended application of this Act to conduct outside Australia 28
6............................ Extended application of this Act to persons who are not corporations 29
6AA...................... Application of the Criminal Code..................................... 37
Part II—The Australian Competition and Consumer Commission 38
6A......................... Establishment of Commission.......................................... 38
7............................ Constitution of Commission............................................. 39
8............................ Terms and conditions of appointment............................... 39
8A......................... Associate members........................................................... 39
8AB....................... AER members taken to be associate members.................. 41
9............................ Remuneration.................................................................... 41
10.......................... Deputy Chairpersons........................................................ 42
11.......................... Acting Chairperson........................................................... 42
12.......................... Leave of absence............................................................... 43
13.......................... Termination of appointment of members of the Commission.. 43
14.......................... Termination of appointment of associate members of the Commission 44
15.......................... Resignation....................................................................... 45
16.......................... Arrangement of business.................................................. 45
17.......................... Disclosure of interests by Chairperson............................. 45
17A....................... Disclosure of certain interests by members of the Commission when taking part in determinations of matters.......................................................................................... 45
18.......................... Meetings of Commission.................................................. 46
19.......................... Chairperson may direct Commission to sit in Divisions... 47
25.......................... Delegation by Commission............................................... 49
26.......................... Delegation by Commission of certain functions and powers 49
27.......................... Staff of Commission......................................................... 51
27A....................... Consultants....................................................................... 51
28.......................... Functions of Commission in relation to dissemination of information, law reform and research 51
29.......................... Commission to comply with directions of Minister and requirements of the Parliament 53
Part IIA—The National Competition Council 54
29A....................... Establishment of Council.................................................. 54
29B........................ Functions and powers of Council..................................... 54
29BA..................... Commonwealth consent to conferral of functions etc. on Council 55
29BB..................... How duty is imposed........................................................ 56
29BC..................... When a State/Territory energy law imposes a duty........... 57
29C........................ Membership of Council.................................................... 57
29D....................... Terms and conditions of office......................................... 57
29E........................ Acting Council President.................................................. 58
29F........................ Remuneration of Councillors............................................ 58
29G....................... Leave of absence............................................................... 58
29H....................... Termination of appointment of Councillors...................... 59
29I......................... Resignation of Councillors............................................... 59
29J......................... Arrangement of Council business..................................... 59
29L........................ Council meetings.............................................................. 60
29LA..................... Resolutions without meetings........................................... 60
29M....................... Staff to help Council......................................................... 61
29N....................... Consultants....................................................................... 61
29O....................... Annual report.................................................................... 61
Part III—The Australian Competition Tribunal 63
30.......................... Constitution of Tribunal.................................................... 63
31.......................... Qualifications of members of Tribunal............................. 63
31A....................... Appointment of Judge as presidential member of Tribunal not to affect tenure etc. 63
32.......................... Terms and conditions of appointment............................... 64
33.......................... Remuneration and allowances of members of Tribunal.... 64
34.......................... Acting appointments......................................................... 64
35.......................... Suspension and removal of members of Tribunal............. 66
36.......................... Resignation....................................................................... 66
37.......................... Constitution of Tribunal for particular matters.................. 67
38.......................... Validity of determinations................................................. 67
39.......................... President may give directions........................................... 67
40.......................... Disclosure of interests by members of Tribunal............... 67
41.......................... Presidential member to preside......................................... 68
42.......................... Decision of questions....................................................... 68
43.......................... Member of Tribunal ceasing to be available...................... 68
43A....................... Counsel assisting Tribunal................................................ 69
43B........................ Consultants....................................................................... 69
44.......................... Staff of Tribunal............................................................... 70
44A....................... Acting appointments......................................................... 70
Part IIIAA—The Australian Energy Regulator (AER) 71
Division 1—Preliminary 71
44AB..................... Definitions........................................................................ 71
44AC..................... This Part binds the Crown................................................ 71
44AD.................... Extra‑territorial operation.................................................. 71
Division 2—Establishment of the AER 73
44AE..................... Establishment of the AER................................................. 73
44AF..................... AER to hold money and property on behalf of the Commonwealth 73
44AG.................... Constitution of the AER................................................... 73
Division 3—Functions and powers of the AER 74
44AH.................... Commonwealth functions................................................. 74
44AI...................... Commonwealth consent to conferral of functions etc. on AER 74
44AIA................... No merits review of AER decisions................................. 75
44AJ...................... How duty is imposed........................................................ 75
44AK..................... When a State/Territory energy law etc. imposes a duty..... 77
44AL..................... Powers of the AER........................................................... 77
Division 4—Administrative provisions relating to the AER 78
Subdivision A—Appointment etc. of members 78
44AM.................... Appointment of Commonwealth AER members.............. 78
44AO.................... Acting appointment of Commonwealth AER member...... 78
44AP..................... Appointment of State/Territory AER members................. 79
44AQ.................... Acting appointment of State/Territory AER member........ 79
44AR..................... AER Chair........................................................................ 80
44ARA.................. AER Deputy Chair........................................................... 80
44ARB.................. AER Deputy Chair to act as the AER Chair..................... 81
44AS..................... Acting AER Deputy Chair................................................ 81
44AT..................... Remuneration of AER members....................................... 82
44AU.................... Additional remuneration of AER Chair............................ 82
44AV.................... Leave of absence............................................................... 82
44AW.................... Other terms and conditions............................................... 83
44AX.................... Outside employment......................................................... 83
44AY.................... Disclosure of interests...................................................... 83
44AZ..................... Resignation....................................................................... 84
44AAB.................. Termination of appointment.............................................. 84
Subdivision B—Staff etc. to assist the AER 85
44AAC.................. Staff etc. to assist the AER............................................... 85
Subdivision C—Meetings of the AER etc. 85
44AAD................. Meetings........................................................................... 85
44AAE.................. Resolutions without meetings........................................... 86
44AAEA............... Arbitration........................................................................ 86
Subdivision CA—Divisions of the AER 87
44AAEB............... Divisions of the AER—functions and powers under a law of the Commonwealth 87
44AAEC............... Divisions of the AER—functions and powers under a State/Territory energy law or a local energy instrument.......................................................................................... 89
Subdivision D—Miscellaneous 91
44AAF.................. Confidentiality.................................................................. 91
44AAFA............... Power of AER to obtain information and documents....... 93
44AAFB............... Failure to comply with notice to give information etc. is an offence 94
44AAFC............... AER may inspect, copy and retain documents.................. 95
44AAG................. Federal Court may make certain orders............................. 96
44AAGA.............. Federal Court may order disconnection if an event specified in the National Electricity Rules occurs 97
44AAH................. Delegation by the AER..................................................... 98
44AAI................... Fees.................................................................................. 98
44AAK.................. Regulations may deal with transitional matters................. 98
Part IIIAB—Application of the finance law 100
44AAL.................. Application of the finance law........................................ 100
Part IIIA—Access to services 101
Division 1—Preliminary 101
44AA.................... Objects of Part................................................................ 101
44B........................ Definitions...................................................................... 101
44C........................ How this Part applies to partnerships and joint ventures 105
44CA..................... Meaning of declaration criteria...................................... 106
44D....................... Meaning of designated Minister..................................... 107
44DA.................... The principles in the Competition Principles Agreement have status as guidelines 108
44E........................ This Part binds the Crown.............................................. 109
Division 2—Declared services 110
Subdivision A—Recommendation by the Council 110
44F........................ Person may request recommendation.............................. 110
44FA..................... Council may request information.................................... 112
44G....................... Criteria for the Council recommending declaration of a service 113
44GA.................... Time limit for Council recommendations........................ 113
44GB..................... Council may invite public submissions on the application 115
44GC..................... Council must publish its recommendation...................... 117
Subdivision B—Declaration by the designated Minister 118
44H....................... Designated Minister may declare a service..................... 118
44HA.................... Designated Minister must publish his or her decision.... 118
44I......................... Duration and effect of declaration................................... 119
44J......................... Revocation of declaration................................................ 120
44K........................ Review of declaration..................................................... 121
44KA..................... Tribunal may stay operation of declaration..................... 122
44KB..................... Tribunal may order costs be awarded............................. 124
44L........................ Review of decision not to revoke a declaration............... 125
Division 2AA—Services that are ineligible to be declared 127
Subdivision A—Scope of Division 127
44LA..................... Constitutional limits on operation of this Division.......... 127
Subdivision B—Ineligibility recommendation by Council 127
44LB..................... Ineligibility recommendation........................................... 127
44LC..................... Council may request information.................................... 129
44LD..................... Time limit for Council recommendations........................ 130
44LE...................... Council may invite public submissions on the application 132
44LF...................... Council must publish its recommendation...................... 133
Subdivision C—Designated Minister’s decision on ineligibility 134
44LG..................... Designated Minister’s decision on ineligibility............... 134
44LH..................... Designated Minister must publish his or her decision.... 136
Subdivision D—Revocation of ineligibility decision 136
44LI....................... Revocation of ineligibility decision................................. 136
Subdivision E—Review of decisions 138
44LJ...................... Review of ineligibility decisions..................................... 138
44LK..................... Review of decision to revoke or not revoke an ineligibility decision 140
Subdivision F—Other matters 142
44LL...................... Ineligibility decisions subject to alteration, cancellation etc. 142
Division 2A—Effective access regimes 143
Subdivision A—Recommendation by Council 143
44M....................... Recommendation for a Ministerial decision on effectiveness of access regime 143
44MA.................... Council may request information.................................... 144
Subdivision B—Decision by Commonwealth Minister 144
44N....................... Ministerial decision on effectiveness of access regime... 144
Subdivision C—Extensions of Commonwealth Minister’s decision 146
44NA.................... Recommendation by Council.......................................... 146
44NAA................. Council may request information.................................... 147
44NB..................... Decision by the Commonwealth Minister....................... 147
Subdivision CA—Revocation of Commonwealth Minister’s decision 148
44NBA.................. Recommendation by Council.......................................... 148
44NBB.................. Council may request information.................................... 150
44NBC.................. Decision by the Commonwealth Minister....................... 151
Subdivision D—Procedural provisions 151
44NC..................... Time limit for Council recommendations........................ 151
44NE..................... Council may invite public submissions........................... 154
44NF..................... Publication—Council...................................................... 156
44NG.................... Publication—Commonwealth Minister........................... 157
Subdivision E—Review of decisions 158
44O....................... Review of Ministerial decision on effectiveness of access regime 158
Subdivision F—State or Territory ceasing to be a party to Competition Principles Agreement 159
44P........................ State or Territory ceasing to be a party to Competition Principles Agreement 159
Division 2B—Competitive tender processes for government owned facilities 161
44PA..................... Approval of competitive tender process.......................... 161
44PAA.................. Commission may request information............................ 162
44PB..................... Report on conduct of tender process............................... 163
44PC..................... Revocation of approval decision..................................... 163
44PD..................... Time limit for Commission decisions............................. 165
44PE...................... Commission may invite public submissions................... 167
44PF...................... Commission must publish its decisions.......................... 168
44PG..................... Review of Commission’s initial decision........................ 169
44PH..................... Review of decision to revoke an approval...................... 171
Division 2C—Register of decisions and declarations 173
44Q....................... Register of decisions, declarations and ineligibility decisions 173
Division 3—Access to declared services 174
Subdivision A—Scope of Division 174
44R........................ Constitutional limits on operation of this Division.......... 174
Subdivision B—Notification of access disputes 174
44S........................ Notification of access disputes........................................ 174
44T........................ Withdrawal of notifications............................................. 175
Subdivision C—Arbitration of access disputes 175
44U....................... Parties to the arbitration.................................................. 175
44V....................... Determination by Commission....................................... 175
44W....................... Restrictions on access determinations............................. 177
44X....................... Matters that the Commission must take into account...... 179
44XA.................... Time limit for Commission’s final determination............ 180
44Y....................... Commission may terminate arbitration in certain cases... 181
44YA.................... Commission must terminate arbitration if declaration varied or set aside by Tribunal 182
Subdivision D—Procedure in arbitrations 182
44Z........................ Constitution of Commission for conduct of arbitration... 182
44ZA..................... Member of the Commission presiding at an arbitration.. 182
44ZB..................... Reconstitution of Commission........................................ 183
44ZC..................... Determination of questions............................................. 183
44ZD..................... Hearing to be in private................................................... 183
44ZE...................... Right to representation.................................................... 184
44ZF...................... Procedure of Commission.............................................. 184
44ZG..................... Particular powers of Commission................................... 185
44ZH..................... Power to take evidence on oath or affirmation................ 186
44ZI....................... Failing to attend as a witness.......................................... 186
44ZJ...................... Failing to answer questions etc....................................... 186
44ZK..................... Intimidation etc............................................................... 187
44ZL...................... Party may request Commission to treat material as confidential 187
44ZM.................... Sections 18 and 19 do not apply to the Commission in an arbitration 188
44ZN..................... Parties to pay costs of an arbitration............................... 188
44ZNA.................. Joint arbitration hearings................................................. 188
Subdivision DA—Arbitration reports 190
44ZNB.................. Arbitration reports.......................................................... 190
Subdivision E—Effect of determinations 192
44ZO..................... Operation of final determinations.................................... 192
44ZOA.................. Effect and duration of interim determinations................. 193
Subdivision F—Review of final determinations 194
44ZP...................... Review by Tribunal........................................................ 194
44ZQ..................... Provisions that do not apply in relation to a Tribunal review 195
44ZR..................... Appeals to Federal Court from determinations of the Tribunal 195
44ZS...................... Operation and implementation of a determination that is subject to appeal 196
44ZT...................... Transmission of documents............................................ 197
Subdivision G—Variation and revocation of determinations 197
44ZU..................... Variation of final determinations..................................... 197
44ZUA.................. Variation and revocation of interim determinations......... 197
Division 4—Registered contracts for access to declared services 198
44ZV..................... Constitutional limits on operation of this Division.......... 198
44ZW.................... Registration of contract................................................... 198
44ZX..................... Review of decision not to register contract..................... 199
44ZY..................... Effect of registration of contract...................................... 200
Division 5—Hindering access to declared services 201
44ZZ...................... Prohibition on hindering access to declared services...... 201
Division 6—Access undertakings and access codes for services 202
Subdivision A—Giving of access undertakings and access codes 202
44ZZA................... Access undertakings by providers.................................. 202
44ZZAAA............. Proposed amendments to access undertakings................ 204
44ZZAAB............. Access undertakings containing fixed principles............ 206
44ZZAA................ Access codes prepared by industry bodies..................... 208
44ZZAB................ Commission may rely on industry body consultations... 210
Subdivision B—Effect of access undertakings and access codes 211
44ZZBA................ When access undertakings and access codes come into operation 211
Subdivision C—Extensions of access undertakings and access codes 212
44ZZBB................ Extensions of access undertakings and access codes...... 212
Subdivision D—Procedural provisions 214
44ZZBC................ Time limit for Commission decisions............................. 214
44ZZBCA............. Commission may request information............................ 216
44ZZBD................ Commission may invite public submissions................... 217
44ZZBE................. Commission must publish its decisions.......................... 218
Subdivision E—Review of decisions 219
44ZZBF................. Review of decisions........................................................ 219
Subdivision F—Register of access undertakings and access codes 221
44ZZC................... Register of access undertakings and access codes.......... 221
Division 6A—Pricing principles for access disputes and access undertakings or codes 222
44ZZCA................ Pricing principles for access disputes and access undertakings or codes 222
Division 6B—Overlap among determinations, registered contracts, access undertakings and Tribunal review 223
44ZZCB................ Deferring access disputes or access undertakings........... 223
44ZZCBA............. Deferral of arbitration if review is underway.................. 225
44ZZCC................ Overlap between determinations and access undertakings 226
44ZZCD................ Overlap between registered contracts and access undertakings 226
Division 7—Enforcement and remedies 228
44ZZD................... Enforcement of determinations....................................... 228
44ZZE................... Enforcement of prohibition on hindering access............. 229
44ZZF................... Consent injunctions........................................................ 230
44ZZG................... Interim injunctions.......................................................... 230
44ZZH................... Factors relevant to granting a restraining injunction........ 230
44ZZI.................... Factors relevant to granting a mandatory injunction........ 230
44ZZJ.................... Enforcement of access undertakings............................... 231
44ZZK................... Discharge or variation of injunction or other order......... 231
Division 8—Miscellaneous 232
44ZZL................... Register of determinations.............................................. 232
44ZZM.................. Commonwealth consent to conferral of functions etc. on the Commission or Tribunal by State or Territory laws................................................................................ 232
44ZZMAA............ No merits review by Tribunal of decisions under energy laws 233
44ZZMA............... How duty is imposed...................................................... 233
44ZZMB............... When a law of a State or Territory imposes a duty......... 234
44ZZN................... Compensation for acquisition of property....................... 235
44ZZNA................ Operation of Parts IV and VII not affected by this Part.. 235
44ZZO................... Conduct by directors, servants or agents........................ 235
44ZZOAAA.......... Information to be given to Tribunal................................ 237
44ZZOAA............. Tribunal only to consider particular material................... 239
44ZZOA................ Time limit for Tribunal decisions.................................... 240
44ZZP................... Regulations about review by the Tribunal....................... 243
44ZZQ................... Regulations about fees for inspection etc. of registers.... 243
44ZZR................... Procedure of the Tribunal when performing functions under a State/Territory energy law or a designated Commonwealth energy law............................................ 243
Part IV—Restrictive trade practices 245
Division 1—Cartel conduct 245
Subdivision A—Introduction 245
45AA.................... Simplified outline............................................................ 245
45AB..................... Definitions...................................................................... 245
45AC..................... Extended meaning of party............................................. 247
45AD.................... Cartel provisions............................................................. 247
45AE..................... Meaning of expressions in other provisions of this Act. 253
Subdivision B—Offences etc. 254
45AF..................... Making a contract etc. containing a cartel provision........ 254
45AG.................... Giving effect to a cartel provision................................... 255
45AH.................... Determining guilt............................................................ 256
45AI...................... Court may make related civil orders................................ 256
Subdivision C—Civil penalty provisions 256
45AJ...................... Making a contract etc. containing a cartel provision........ 256
45AK..................... Giving effect to a cartel provision................................... 257
Subdivision D—Exceptions 257
45AL..................... Conduct notified............................................................. 257
45AM.................... Cartel provision subject to grant of authorisation............ 258
45AN.................... Contracts, arrangements or understandings between related bodies corporate 258
45AO.................... Joint ventures—prosecution........................................... 259
45AP..................... Joint ventures—civil penalty proceedings....................... 260
45AQ.................... Resale price maintenance................................................ 261
45AR..................... Exclusive dealing............................................................ 261
45AS..................... Dual listed company arrangement................................... 262
45AT..................... Acquisition of shares or assets....................................... 263
45AU.................... Collective acquisition of goods or services by the parties to a contract, arrangement or understanding 263
Division 2—Other provisions 265
45.......................... Contracts, arrangements or understandings that restrict dealings or affect competition 265
45D....................... Secondary boycotts for the purpose of causing substantial loss or damage 269
45DA.................... Secondary boycotts for the purpose of causing substantial lessening of competition 270
45DB..................... Boycotts affecting trade or commerce............................. 270
45DC..................... Involvement and liability of employee organisations...... 271
45DD.................... Situations in which boycotts permitted........................... 273
45E........................ Prohibition of contracts, arrangements or understandings affecting the supply or acquisition of goods or services........................................................................... 277
45EA..................... Provisions contravening section 45E not to be given effect 280
45EB..................... Sections 45D to 45EA do not affect operation of other provisions of Part 281
46.......................... Misuse of market power................................................. 281
46A....................... Misuse of market power—corporation with substantial degree of power in trans‑Tasman market 283
46B........................ No immunity from jurisdiction in relation to certain New Zealand laws 285
47.......................... Exclusive dealing............................................................ 286
48.......................... Resale price maintenance................................................ 292
49.......................... Dual listed company arrangements that affect competition 293
50.......................... Prohibition of acquisitions that would result in a substantial lessening of competition 294
50A....................... Acquisitions that occur outside Australia........................ 296
51.......................... Exceptions...................................................................... 299
51AAA................. Concurrent operation of State and Territory laws........... 303
Part IVB—Industry codes 304
Division 1—Preliminary 304
51ACA.................. Definitions...................................................................... 304
Division 2—Contravention of industry codes 306
51ACB.................. Contravention of industry codes..................................... 306
Division 2A—Infringement notices 307
51ACC.................. Purpose and effect of this Division................................. 307
51ACD.................. Issuing an infringement notice........................................ 307
51ACE.................. Matters to be included in an infringement notice............. 308
51ACF.................. Amount of penalty.......................................................... 308
51ACG.................. Effect of compliance with an infringement notice........... 309
51ACH.................. Effect of failure to comply with an infringement notice.. 309
51ACI................... Infringement notice compliance period for infringement notice 310
51ACJ................... Withdrawal of an infringement notice............................. 310
Division 3—Public warning notices 313
51ADA................. Commission may issue a public warning notice............. 313
Division 4—Orders to redress loss or damage suffered by non‑parties etc. 314
51ADB.................. Orders to redress loss or damage suffered by non‑parties etc. 314
51ADC.................. Kinds of orders that may be made to redress loss or damage suffered by non‑parties etc. 316
Division 5—Investigation power 318
51ADD................. Commission may require corporation to provide information 318
51ADE.................. Extending periods for complying with notices................ 318
51ADF.................. Compliance with notices................................................. 319
51ADG................. False or misleading information etc................................ 319
Division 6—Miscellaneous 321
51AE..................... Regulations relating to industry codes............................ 321
51AEA.................. Concurrent operation of State and Territory laws........... 321
Part IVC—Payment surcharges 322
Division 1—Preliminary 322
55.......................... Object of this Part........................................................... 322
55A....................... Definitions...................................................................... 322
Division 2—Limit on payment surcharges 324
55B........................ Payment surcharges must not be excessive..................... 324
Division 3—Information about payment surcharges 325
55C........................ Surcharge information notices........................................ 325
55D....................... Extending periods for complying with notices................ 325
55E........................ Participant must comply with notice............................... 326
Division 4—Infringement notices 327
55F........................ Purpose and effect of this Division................................. 327
55G....................... Issuing an infringement notice........................................ 327
55H....................... Matters to be included in an infringement notice............. 328
55J......................... Amount of penalty.......................................................... 328
55K........................ Effect of compliance with an infringement notice........... 328
55L........................ Effect of failure to comply with an infringement notice.. 329
55M....................... Infringement notice compliance period for infringement notice 329
55N....................... Withdrawal of an infringement notice............................. 330
Part IVD—Consumer data right 332
Division 1—Preliminary 332
Subdivision A—Object and simplified outline 332
56AA.................... Object of this Part........................................................... 332
56AB..................... Simplified outline............................................................ 332
Subdivision B—Designating sectors subject to the consumer data right 333
56AC..................... Designated sectors subject to the consumer data right.... 333
56AD.................... Minister’s tasks before designating a sector etc.............. 335
56AE..................... Commission must analyse, consult and report about an instrument proposing to designate a sector 337
56AF..................... Information Commissioner must analyse and report about an instrument proposing to designate a sector........................................................................................ 337
56AG.................... Commission may recommend that a sector be designated etc. 338
56AH.................... Other matters.................................................................. 339
Subdivision C—Meanings of key terms 339
56AI...................... Meanings of CDR data, directly or indirectly derived and CDR consumer 339
56AJ...................... Meaning of data holder.................................................. 340
56AK..................... Meaning of accredited data recipient............................. 342
56AL..................... Meanings of CDR participant and designated gateway.. 342
56AM.................... Meanings of chargeable CDR data, chargeable circumstances and fee‑free CDR data 343
Subdivision D—Extension to external Territories and extraterritorial operation 344
56AN.................... Extension to external Territories..................................... 344
56AO.................... Extraterritorial operation of the CDR provisions............ 344
56AP..................... Geographical application of offences.............................. 346
Subdivision E—Application to government entities 346
56AQ.................... CDR provisions bind the Crown.................................... 346
56AR..................... Government entities may participate under this Part....... 346
56AS..................... Participating government entities of a State or Territory—declaration 348
56AT..................... Participating government entities of a State or Territory—revocation 348
Division 2—Consumer data right 350
Subdivision A—Power to make consumer data rules 350
56BA..................... Commission may make consumer data rules.................. 350
56BAA.................. Rules must include requirement to delete CDR data on request from CDR consumer 350
56BB..................... Matters that the consumer data rules may deal with........ 352
56BC..................... Rules about disclosure, collection, use, accuracy, storage, security or deletion of CDR data for which there are CDR consumers............................................................. 352
56BD..................... Limitations for rules about CDR data for which there are CDR consumers 354
56BE..................... Rules about disclosure, collection, use, accuracy, storage, security or deletion of product data 356
56BF..................... Limitations for rules about product data.......................... 356
56BG..................... Rules about designated gateways.................................... 357
56BH..................... Rules about accreditation of data recipients..................... 359
56BI...................... Rules about reporting, record keeping and auditing........ 361
56BJ...................... Rules about incidental or related matters......................... 362
56BK..................... Further limitations on the consumer data rules................ 363
Subdivision B—Compliance with consumer data rules 365
56BL..................... Obligation to comply with consumer data rules.............. 365
56BM.................... Infringement notices....................................................... 365
56BN..................... Misleading or deceptive conduct—offence..................... 366
56BO..................... Misleading or deceptive conduct—civil penalty.............. 367
Subdivision C—Process for making consumer data rules etc. 368
56BP..................... Matters to which Commission must have regard when making the rules 368
56BQ..................... Commission to consult before making the rules............. 368
56BR..................... Ministerial consent to rules required............................... 369
56BS..................... Emergency rules: usual consultation and consent not required 369
56BT..................... Emergency rules: consequences if made......................... 369
Subdivision D—Fees for disclosing CDR data 370
56BU..................... Charging a fee in inappropriate circumstances when required to disclose CDR data 370
56BV..................... Commission may intervene if fee for disclosing or using chargeable CDR data is unreasonable etc. 371
56BW.................... Review by the Tribunal of determinations specifying particular CDR participants 373
56BX..................... Functions and powers of Tribunal.................................. 373
56BY..................... Provisions that do not apply in relation to a Tribunal review 374
Division 3—Accreditation etc. 375
Subdivision A—Accreditation process 375
56CA..................... Granting accreditations................................................... 375
56CB..................... Review of decisions refusing to accredit......................... 375
56CC..................... Prohibition on holding out—offence.............................. 375
56CD..................... Prohibition on holding out—civil penalty....................... 376
Subdivision B—Register of Accredited Persons 377
56CE..................... Register of Accredited Persons....................................... 377
56CF..................... Evidentiary value of the register...................................... 377
Subdivision C—Data Recipient Accreditor 377
56CG..................... Appointment of the Data Recipient Accreditor............... 377
56CH..................... Functions, powers and annual report.............................. 378
56CI...................... Directions by Minister.................................................... 379
56CJ...................... Delegation....................................................................... 379
Subdivision D—Accreditation Registrar 380
56CK..................... Appointment of the Accreditation Registrar.................... 380
56CL..................... Functions, powers and annual report.............................. 380
56CM.................... Directions by Minister.................................................... 381
56CN..................... Delegation....................................................................... 382
Division 4—External dispute resolution 383
56DA.................... Commission may recognise external dispute resolution schemes 383
Division 5—Privacy safeguards 385
Subdivision A—Preliminary 385
56EA..................... Simplified outline............................................................ 385
56EB..................... Kinds of CDR data to which the privacy safeguards apply 385
56EC..................... Relationship with other laws........................................... 386
Subdivision B—Consideration of CDR data privacy 387
56ED..................... Privacy safeguard 1—open and transparent management of CDR data 387
56EE...................... Privacy safeguard 2—anonymity and pseudonymity...... 390
Subdivision C—Collecting CDR data 390
56EF...................... Privacy safeguard 3—soliciting CDR data from CDR participants 390
56EG..................... Privacy safeguard 4—dealing with unsolicited CDR data from CDR participants 391
56EH..................... Privacy safeguard 5—notifying of the collection of CDR data 391
Subdivision D—Dealing with CDR data 392
56EI....................... Privacy safeguard 6—use or disclosure of CDR data by accredited data recipients or designated gateways........................................................................................ 392
56EJ...................... Privacy safeguard 7—use or disclosure of CDR data for direct marketing by accredited data recipients or designated gateways....................................................... 393
56EK..................... Privacy safeguard 8—overseas disclosure of CDR data by accredited data recipients 394
56EL...................... Privacy safeguard 9—adoption or disclosure of government related identifiers by accredited data recipients........................................................................................ 395
56EM.................... Privacy safeguard 10—notifying of the disclosure of CDR data 396
Subdivision E—Integrity of CDR data 397
56EN..................... Privacy safeguard 11—quality of CDR data................... 397
56EO..................... Privacy safeguard 12—security of CDR data, and destruction or de‑identification of redundant CDR data........................................................................................ 399
Subdivision F—Correction of CDR data 400
56EP...................... Privacy safeguard 13—correction of CDR data.............. 400
Subdivision G—Compliance with the privacy safeguards 401
56EQ..................... Information Commissioner to promote compliance etc... 401
56ER..................... Information Commissioner may conduct an assessment relating to the management and handling of CDR data........................................................................................ 402
56ES...................... Notification of CDR data security breaches.................... 403
56ET...................... Investigating breaches of the privacy safeguards etc....... 404
56EU..................... Civil penalty provisions.................................................. 407
56EV..................... Civil penalty provisions—maximum amount of penalty. 409
56EW.................... Enforceable undertakings................................................ 410
56EX..................... Injunctions...................................................................... 411
56EY..................... Actions for damages....................................................... 411
56EZ...................... Delegation to the Commission etc................................... 413
Division 6—Data standards etc. 415
Subdivision A—Data standards 415
56FA..................... Making data standards.................................................... 415
56FB..................... What data standards can set out etc................................. 416
56FC..................... Data standards must be published................................... 416
56FD..................... Legal effect of data standards.......................................... 416
56FE...................... Enforcement of binding data standards........................... 417
Subdivision B—Data Standards Chair 418
56FF...................... Data Standards Chair...................................................... 418
56FG..................... Appointment of the Data Standards Chair...................... 418
56FH..................... Functions and powers of the Data Standards Chair........ 418
56FI....................... Directions by Minister.................................................... 419
Subdivision C—Data Standards Body 419
56FJ...................... Appointment of the Data Standards Body...................... 419
56FK..................... Function and powers of the Data Standards Body.......... 420
Subdivision D—Administrative provisions 420
56FL...................... Acting appointments....................................................... 420
56FM.................... Terms and conditions...................................................... 421
56FN..................... Remuneration.................................................................. 421
56FO..................... Leave.............................................................................. 421
56FP...................... Application of the finance law etc................................... 422
56FQ..................... Resignation..................................................................... 422
56FR..................... Termination of appointment............................................ 423
56FS...................... Delegation....................................................................... 423
Division 7—Other matters 425
56GA.................... CDR functions of the Information Commissioner.......... 425
56GB..................... Referring to instruments as in force from time to time.... 425
56GC..................... Complying with requirements to provide CDR data: protection from liability 426
56GD.................... Exemptions by the Commission..................................... 426
56GE..................... Exemptions and modifications by regulations................. 427
56GF..................... Constitutional basis......................................................... 428
56GG.................... Compensation for acquisition of property....................... 430
56GH.................... Review of the operation of this Part................................ 430
Part V—Carbon tax price reduction obligation 432
Division 1—Preliminary 432
60.......................... Simplified outline of this Part......................................... 432
60AA.................... Objects etc...................................................................... 433
60A....................... Definitions...................................................................... 434
60B........................ Regulated goods............................................................. 439
Division 2—Carbon tax price reduction obligation 440
60C........................ Price exploitation in relation to the carbon tax repeal...... 440
60CA..................... Failure to pass on cost savings—250% penalty.............. 440
60D....................... Notice to entity that is considered to have engaged in price exploitation in relation to the carbon tax repeal........................................................................................ 442
60E........................ Commission may issue notice to aid prevention of price exploitation in relation to the carbon tax repeal........................................................................................ 443
60F........................ Acquisition of property................................................... 444
Division 2A—Carbon tax removal substantiation notices 445
60FA..................... Carbon tax removal substantiation notices...................... 445
60FB..................... Extending periods for complying with carbon tax removal substantiation notices 446
60FC..................... Compliance with carbon tax removal substantiation notices 446
Division 2B—Carbon tax removal substantiation statements 448
60FD..................... Carbon tax removal substantiation statements................. 448
Division 2C—Statements for customers 451
60FE...................... Statements for customers................................................ 451
Division 3—Price monitoring in relation to the carbon tax repeal etc. 453
60G....................... Commission may monitor prices in relation to the carbon tax repeal etc. 453
60H....................... Information‑gathering powers........................................ 455
60J......................... Reporting........................................................................ 457
Division 4—False or misleading representations about the effect of the carbon tax repeal etc. on prices 458
60K........................ False or misleading representations about the effect of the carbon tax repeal etc. on prices 458
Division 5—Infringement notices 459
60L........................ Issuing an infringement notice........................................ 459
60M....................... Effect of compliance with an infringement notice........... 460
60N....................... Effect of failure to comply with an infringement notice.. 461
60P........................ Infringement notice compliance period for infringement notice 461
60Q....................... Withdrawal of an infringement notice............................. 462
60R........................ Effect of this Division..................................................... 463
Part VI—Enforcement and remedies 465
75B........................ Interpretation................................................................... 465
76.......................... Pecuniary penalties......................................................... 465
76A....................... Defence to proceedings under section 76 relating to a contravention of section 92 469
76B........................ Consequences in some cases if substantially the same conduct contravenes a provision of this Act and is an offence............................................................................ 470
77.......................... Civil action for recovery of pecuniary penalties.............. 472
77A....................... Indemnification of officers.............................................. 472
77B........................ Certain indemnities not authorised and certain documents void 473
77C........................ Application of section 77A to a person other than a body corporate 473
78.......................... Criminal proceedings not to be brought for contraventions of Part IV 473
79.......................... Offences against section 45AF or 45AG........................ 474
79A....................... Enforcement and recovery of certain fines...................... 475
79B........................ Preference must be given to compensation for victims... 477
80.......................... Injunctions...................................................................... 478
80A....................... Price exploitation in relation to the carbon tax repeal—orders limiting prices or requiring refunds of money........................................................................................ 481
80AB..................... Stay of injunctions.......................................................... 481
80AC..................... Injunctions to prevent mergers if authorisation granted on the basis of false or misleading information 483
81.......................... Divestiture where merger contravenes section 50 or 50A 484
81A....................... Divestiture where merger done under authorisation granted on false etc. information 485
82.......................... Actions for damages....................................................... 487
83.......................... Findings and admissions of fact in proceedings to be evidence 489
84.......................... Conduct by directors, employees or agents..................... 489
85.......................... Defences......................................................................... 492
86.......................... Jurisdiction of courts...................................................... 492
86AA.................... Limit on jurisdiction of Federal Circuit Court................. 493
86A....................... Transfer of matters.......................................................... 494
86C........................ Non‑punitive orders........................................................ 495
86D....................... Punitive orders—adverse publicity................................. 497
86E........................ Order disqualifying a person from managing corporations 498
86F........................ Privilege against exposure to penalty—disqualification from managing corporations 499
87.......................... Other orders.................................................................... 500
87AA.................... Special provision relating to Court’s exercise of powers under this Part in relation to boycott conduct 505
87B........................ Enforcement of undertakings.......................................... 506
87C........................ Enforcement of undertakings—Secretary of the Department 507
87CA..................... Intervention by Commission........................................... 507
Part VIA—Proportionate liability for misleading and deceptive conduct 509
87CB..................... Application of Part.......................................................... 509
87CC..................... Certain concurrent wrongdoers not to have benefit of apportionment 509
87CD..................... Proportionate liability for apportionable claims............... 510
87CE..................... Defendant to notify plaintiff of concurrent wrongdoer of whom defendant aware 511
87CF..................... Contribution not recoverable from defendant.................. 512
87CG..................... Subsequent actions......................................................... 512
87CH..................... Joining non‑party concurrent wrongdoer in the action.... 512
87CI...................... Application of Part.......................................................... 512
Part VIB—Claims for damages or compensation for death or personal injury 514
Division 1—Introduction 514
87D....................... Definitions...................................................................... 514
87E........................ Proceedings to which this Part applies............................ 516
Division 2—Limitation periods