Contents
Part I—Preliminary 1
1............................ Short title............................................................................ 1
2............................ Object of this Act................................................................ 1
2A......................... Application of Act to Commonwealth and Commonwealth authorities 1
2B.......................... Application of Act to States and Territories........................ 2
2BA....................... Application of Part IV to local government bodies............. 2
2C.......................... Activities that are not business............................................ 3
3............................ Repeal................................................................................. 4
4............................ Interpretation....................................................................... 5
4A......................... Subsidiary, holding and related bodies corporate.............. 18
4B.......................... Consumers........................................................................ 21
4C.......................... Acquisition, supply and re‑supply.................................... 24
4E.......................... Market.............................................................................. 24
4F.......................... References to purpose or reason....................................... 25
4G......................... Lessening of competition to include preventing or hindering competition 25
4H......................... Application of Act in relation to leases and licences of land and buildings 26
4J........................... Joint ventures.................................................................... 26
4K.......................... Loss or damage to include injury...................................... 27
4KA....................... Definitions etc. that do not apply in Part XI or Schedule 2 27
4L.......................... Severability....................................................................... 27
4M......................... Saving of law relating to restraint of trade and breaches of confidence 27
4N......................... Extended application of Part IIIA..................................... 28
5............................ Extended application of this Act to conduct outside Australia 28
6............................ Extended application of this Act to persons who are not corporations 29
6AA...................... Application of the Criminal Code..................................... 37
Part II—The Australian Competition and Consumer Commission 38
6A......................... Establishment of Commission.......................................... 38
7............................ Constitution of Commission............................................. 39
8............................ Terms and conditions of appointment............................... 39
8A......................... Associate members........................................................... 40
8AB....................... State/Territory AER members taken to be associate members 41
9............................ Remuneration.................................................................... 41
10.......................... Deputy Chairpersons........................................................ 42
11.......................... Acting Chairperson........................................................... 43
12.......................... Leave of absence............................................................... 43
13.......................... Termination of appointment of members of the Commission.. 44
14.......................... Termination of appointment of associate members of the Commission 44
15.......................... Resignation....................................................................... 45
16.......................... Arrangement of business.................................................. 45
17.......................... Disclosure of interests by Chairperson............................. 45
17A....................... Disclosure of certain interests by members of the Commission when taking part in determinations of matters.......................................................................................... 45
18.......................... Meetings of Commission.................................................. 46
19.......................... Chairperson may direct Commission to sit in Divisions... 47
25.......................... Delegation by Commission............................................... 48
26.......................... Delegation by Commission of certain functions and powers 49
27.......................... Staff of Commission......................................................... 50
27A....................... Consultants....................................................................... 51
28.......................... Functions of Commission in relation to dissemination of information, law reform and research 51
29.......................... Commission to comply with directions of Minister and requirements of the Parliament 52
Part IIA—The National Competition Council 54
29A....................... Establishment of Council.................................................. 54
29B........................ Functions and powers of Council..................................... 54
29BA..................... Commonwealth consent to conferral of functions etc. on Council 55
29BB..................... How duty is imposed........................................................ 56
29BC..................... When a State/Territory energy law imposes a duty........... 57
29C........................ Membership of Council.................................................... 57
29D....................... Terms and conditions of office......................................... 57
29E........................ Acting Council President.................................................. 58
29F........................ Remuneration of Councillors............................................ 58
29G....................... Leave of absence............................................................... 58
29H....................... Termination of appointment of Councillors...................... 59
29I......................... Resignation of Councillors............................................... 59
29J......................... Arrangement of Council business..................................... 59
29L........................ Council meetings.............................................................. 60
29LA..................... Resolutions without meetings........................................... 60
29M....................... Staff to help Council......................................................... 61
29N....................... Consultants....................................................................... 61
29O....................... Annual report.................................................................... 61
Part III—The Australian Competition Tribunal 63
30.......................... Constitution of Tribunal.................................................... 63
31.......................... Qualifications of members of Tribunal............................. 63
31A....................... Appointment of Judge as presidential member of Tribunal not to affect tenure etc. 63
32.......................... Terms and conditions of appointment............................... 64
33.......................... Remuneration and allowances of members of Tribunal.... 64
34.......................... Acting appointments......................................................... 64
35.......................... Suspension and removal of members of Tribunal............. 66
36.......................... Resignation....................................................................... 66
37.......................... Constitution of Tribunal for particular matters.................. 67
38.......................... Validity of determinations................................................. 67
39.......................... President may give directions........................................... 67
40.......................... Disclosure of interests by members of Tribunal............... 67
41.......................... Presidential member to preside......................................... 68
42.......................... Decision of questions....................................................... 68
43.......................... Member of Tribunal ceasing to be available...................... 68
43A....................... Counsel assisting Tribunal................................................ 69
43B........................ Consultants....................................................................... 69
44.......................... Staff of Tribunal............................................................... 70
44A....................... Acting appointments......................................................... 70
Part IIIAA—The Australian Energy Regulator (AER) 71
Division 1—Preliminary 71
44AB..................... Definitions........................................................................ 71
44AC..................... This Part binds the Crown................................................ 71
44AD.................... Extra‑territorial operation.................................................. 71
Division 2—Establishment of the AER 73
44AE..................... Establishment of the AER................................................. 73
44AF..................... AER to hold money and property on behalf of the Commonwealth 73
44AG.................... Constitution of the AER................................................... 73
Division 3—Functions and powers of the AER 74
44AH.................... Commonwealth functions................................................. 74
44AI...................... Commonwealth consent to conferral of functions etc. on AER 74
44AIA................... No merits review of AER decisions................................. 75
44AJ...................... How duty is imposed........................................................ 75
44AK..................... When a State/Territory energy law etc. imposes a duty..... 77
44AL..................... Powers of the AER........................................................... 77
Division 4—Administrative provisions relating to the AER 78
Subdivision A—Appointment etc. of members 78
44AM.................... Appointment of Commonwealth AER member................ 78
44AN.................... Membership of AER and Commission............................. 78
44AO.................... Acting appointment of Commonwealth AER member...... 79
44AP..................... Appointment of State/Territory AER members................. 79
44AQ.................... Acting appointment of State/Territory AER member........ 80
44AR..................... AER Chair........................................................................ 80
44AS..................... Acting AER Chair............................................................ 81
44AT..................... Remuneration of AER members....................................... 81
44AU.................... Additional remuneration of AER Chair............................ 82
44AV.................... Leave of absence............................................................... 82
44AW.................... Other terms and conditions............................................... 82
44AX.................... Outside employment......................................................... 82
44AY.................... Disclosure of interests...................................................... 83
44AZ..................... Resignation....................................................................... 83
44AAB.................. Termination of appointment.............................................. 83
Subdivision B—Staff etc. to assist the AER 84
44AAC.................. Staff etc. to assist the AER............................................... 84
Subdivision C—Meetings of the AER etc. 85
44AAD................. Meetings........................................................................... 85
44AAE.................. Resolutions without meetings........................................... 85
44AAEA............... Arbitration........................................................................ 86
Subdivision D—Miscellaneous 86
44AAF.................. Confidentiality.................................................................. 86
44AAFA............... Power of AER to obtain information and documents....... 89
44AAFB............... Failure to comply with notice to give information etc. is an offence 90
44AAFC............... AER may inspect, copy and retain documents.................. 91
44AAG................. Federal Court may make certain orders............................. 91
44AAGA.............. Federal Court may order disconnection if an event specified in the National Electricity Rules occurs 93
44AAH................. Delegation by the AER..................................................... 94
44AAI................... Fees.................................................................................. 94
44AAK.................. Regulations may deal with transitional matters................. 94
Part IIIAB—Application of the finance law 96
44AAL.................. Application of the finance law.......................................... 96
Part IIIA—Access to services 97
Division 1—Preliminary 97
44AA.................... Objects of Part.................................................................. 97
44B........................ Definitions........................................................................ 97
44C........................ How this Part applies to partnerships and joint ventures 101
44CA..................... Meaning of declaration criteria...................................... 102
44D....................... Meaning of designated Minister..................................... 103
44DA.................... The principles in the Competition Principles Agreement have status as guidelines 104
44E........................ This Part binds the Crown.............................................. 105
Division 2—Declared services 106
Subdivision A—Recommendation by the Council 106
44F........................ Person may request recommendation.............................. 106
44FA..................... Council may request information.................................... 108
44G....................... Criteria for the Council recommending declaration of a service 109
44GA.................... Time limit for Council recommendations........................ 109
44GB..................... Council may invite public submissions on the application 111
44GC..................... Council must publish its recommendation...................... 113
Subdivision B—Declaration by the designated Minister 114
44H....................... Designated Minister may declare a service..................... 114
44HA.................... Designated Minister must publish his or her decision.... 114
44I......................... Duration and effect of declaration................................... 115
44J......................... Revocation of declaration................................................ 116
44K........................ Review of declaration..................................................... 117
44KA..................... Tribunal may stay operation of declaration..................... 118
44KB..................... Tribunal may order costs be awarded............................. 120
44L........................ Review of decision not to revoke a declaration............... 121
Division 2AA—Services that are ineligible to be declared 123
Subdivision A—Scope of Division 123
44LA..................... Constitutional limits on operation of this Division.......... 123
Subdivision B—Ineligibility recommendation by Council 123
44LB..................... Ineligibility recommendation........................................... 123
44LC..................... Council may request information.................................... 125
44LD..................... Time limit for Council recommendations........................ 126
44LE...................... Council may invite public submissions on the application 128
44LF...................... Council must publish its recommendation...................... 129
Subdivision C—Designated Minister’s decision on ineligibility 130
44LG..................... Designated Minister’s decision on ineligibility............... 130
44LH..................... Designated Minister must publish his or her decision.... 132
Subdivision D—Revocation of ineligibility decision 132
44LI....................... Revocation of ineligibility decision................................. 132
Subdivision E—Review of decisions 134
44LJ...................... Review of ineligibility decisions..................................... 134
44LK..................... Review of decision to revoke or not revoke an ineligibility decision 136
Subdivision F—Other matters 138
44LL...................... Ineligibility decisions subject to alteration, cancellation etc. 138
Division 2A—Effective access regimes 139
Subdivision A—Recommendation by Council 139
44M....................... Recommendation for a Ministerial decision on effectiveness of access regime 139
44MA.................... Council may request information.................................... 140
Subdivision B—Decision by Commonwealth Minister 140
44N....................... Ministerial decision on effectiveness of access regime... 140
Subdivision C—Extensions of Commonwealth Minister’s decision 142
44NA.................... Recommendation by Council.......................................... 142
44NAA................. Council may request information.................................... 143
44NB..................... Decision by the Commonwealth Minister....................... 143
Subdivision CA—Revocation of Commonwealth Minister’s decision 144
44NBA.................. Recommendation by Council.......................................... 144
44NBB.................. Council may request information.................................... 146
44NBC.................. Decision by the Commonwealth Minister....................... 147
Subdivision D—Procedural provisions 147
44NC..................... Time limit for Council recommendations........................ 147
44NE..................... Council may invite public submissions........................... 150
44NF..................... Publication—Council...................................................... 152
44NG.................... Publication—Commonwealth Minister........................... 153
Subdivision E—Review of decisions 154
44O....................... Review of Ministerial decision on effectiveness of access regime 154
Subdivision F—State or Territory ceasing to be a party to Competition Principles Agreement 155
44P........................ State or Territory ceasing to be a party to Competition Principles Agreement 155
Division 2B—Competitive tender processes for government owned facilities 157
44PA..................... Approval of competitive tender process.......................... 157
44PAA.................. Commission may request information............................ 158
44PB..................... Report on conduct of tender process............................... 159
44PC..................... Revocation of approval decision..................................... 159
44PD..................... Time limit for Commission decisions............................. 161
44PE...................... Commission may invite public submissions................... 163
44PF...................... Commission must publish its decisions.......................... 164
44PG..................... Review of Commission’s initial decision........................ 165
44PH..................... Review of decision to revoke an approval...................... 167
Division 2C—Register of decisions and declarations 169
44Q....................... Register of decisions, declarations and ineligibility decisions 169
Division 3—Access to declared services 170
Subdivision A—Scope of Division 170
44R........................ Constitutional limits on operation of this Division.......... 170
Subdivision B—Notification of access disputes 170
44S........................ Notification of access disputes........................................ 170
44T........................ Withdrawal of notifications............................................. 171
Subdivision C—Arbitration of access disputes 171
44U....................... Parties to the arbitration.................................................. 171
44V....................... Determination by Commission....................................... 171
44W....................... Restrictions on access determinations............................. 173
44X....................... Matters that the Commission must take into account...... 175
44XA.................... Time limit for Commission’s final determination............ 176
44Y....................... Commission may terminate arbitration in certain cases... 177
44YA.................... Commission must terminate arbitration if declaration varied or set aside by Tribunal 178
Subdivision D—Procedure in arbitrations 178
44Z........................ Constitution of Commission for conduct of arbitration... 178
44ZA..................... Member of the Commission presiding at an arbitration.. 178
44ZB..................... Reconstitution of Commission........................................ 179
44ZC..................... Determination of questions............................................. 179
44ZD..................... Hearing to be in private................................................... 179
44ZE...................... Right to representation.................................................... 180
44ZF...................... Procedure of Commission.............................................. 180
44ZG..................... Particular powers of Commission................................... 181
44ZH..................... Power to take evidence on oath or affirmation................ 182
44ZI....................... Failing to attend as a witness.......................................... 182
44ZJ...................... Failing to answer questions etc....................................... 182
44ZK..................... Intimidation etc............................................................... 183
44ZL...................... Party may request Commission to treat material as confidential 183
44ZM.................... Sections 18 and 19 do not apply to the Commission in an arbitration 184
44ZN..................... Parties to pay costs of an arbitration............................... 184
44ZNA.................. Joint arbitration hearings................................................. 184
Subdivision DA—Arbitration reports 186
44ZNB.................. Arbitration reports.......................................................... 186
Subdivision E—Effect of determinations 188
44ZO..................... Operation of final determinations.................................... 188
44ZOA.................. Effect and duration of interim determinations................. 189
Subdivision F—Review of final determinations 190
44ZP...................... Review by Tribunal........................................................ 190
44ZQ..................... Provisions that do not apply in relation to a Tribunal review 191
44ZR..................... Appeals to Federal Court from determinations of the Tribunal 191
44ZS...................... Operation and implementation of a determination that is subject to appeal 192
44ZT...................... Transmission of documents............................................ 193
Subdivision G—Variation and revocation of determinations 193
44ZU..................... Variation of final determinations..................................... 193
44ZUA.................. Variation and revocation of interim determinations......... 193
Division 4—Registered contracts for access to declared services 194
44ZV..................... Constitutional limits on operation of this Division.......... 194
44ZW.................... Registration of contract................................................... 194
44ZX..................... Review of decision not to register contract..................... 195
44ZY..................... Effect of registration of contract...................................... 196
Division 5—Hindering access to declared services 197
44ZZ...................... Prohibition on hindering access to declared services...... 197
Division 6—Access undertakings and access codes for services 198
Subdivision A—Giving of access undertakings and access codes 198
44ZZA................... Access undertakings by providers.................................. 198
44ZZAAA............. Proposed amendments to access undertakings................ 200
44ZZAAB............. Access undertakings containing fixed principles............ 202
44ZZAA................ Access codes prepared by industry bodies..................... 204
44ZZAB................ Commission may rely on industry body consultations... 206
Subdivision B—Effect of access undertakings and access codes 207
44ZZBA................ When access undertakings and access codes come into operation 207
Subdivision C—Extensions of access undertakings and access codes 208
44ZZBB................ Extensions of access undertakings and access codes...... 208
Subdivision D—Procedural provisions 210
44ZZBC................ Time limit for Commission decisions............................. 210
44ZZBCA............. Commission may request information............................ 212
44ZZBD................ Commission may invite public submissions................... 213
44ZZBE................. Commission must publish its decisions.......................... 214
Subdivision E—Review of decisions 215
44ZZBF................. Review of decisions........................................................ 215
Subdivision F—Register of access undertakings and access codes 217
44ZZC................... Register of access undertakings and access codes.......... 217
Division 6A—Pricing principles for access disputes and access undertakings or codes 218
44ZZCA................ Pricing principles for access disputes and access undertakings or codes 218
Division 6B—Overlap among determinations, registered contracts, access undertakings and Tribunal review 219
44ZZCB................ Deferring access disputes or access undertakings........... 219
44ZZCBA............. Deferral of arbitration if review is underway.................. 221
44ZZCC................ Overlap between determinations and access undertakings 222
44ZZCD................ Overlap between registered contracts and access undertakings 222
Division 7—Enforcement and remedies 224
44ZZD................... Enforcement of determinations....................................... 224
44ZZE................... Enforcement of prohibition on hindering access............. 225
44ZZF................... Consent injunctions........................................................ 226
44ZZG................... Interim injunctions.......................................................... 226
44ZZH................... Factors relevant to granting a restraining injunction........ 226
44ZZI.................... Factors relevant to granting a mandatory injunction........ 226
44ZZJ.................... Enforcement of access undertakings............................... 227
44ZZK................... Discharge or variation of injunction or other order......... 227
Division 8—Miscellaneous 228
44ZZL................... Register of determinations.............................................. 228
44ZZM.................. Commonwealth consent to conferral of functions etc. on the Commission or Tribunal by State or Territory laws................................................................................ 228
44ZZMAA............ No merits review by Tribunal of decisions under energy laws 229
44ZZMA............... How duty is imposed...................................................... 229
44ZZMB............... When a law of a State or Territory imposes a duty......... 230
44ZZN................... Compensation for acquisition of property....................... 231
44ZZNA................ Operation of Parts IV and VII not affected by this Part.. 231
44ZZO................... Conduct by directors, servants or agents........................ 231
44ZZOAAA.......... Information to be given to Tribunal................................ 233
44ZZOAA............. Tribunal only to consider particular material................... 235
44ZZOA................ Time limit for Tribunal decisions.................................... 236
44ZZP................... Regulations about review by the Tribunal....................... 239
44ZZQ................... Regulations about fees for inspection etc. of registers.... 239
44ZZR................... Procedure of the Tribunal when performing functions under a State/Territory energy law or a designated Commonwealth energy law............................................ 239
Part IV—Restrictive trade practices 241
Division 1—Cartel conduct 241
Subdivision A—Introduction 241
45AA.................... Simplified outline............................................................ 241
45AB..................... Definitions...................................................................... 241
45AC..................... Extended meaning of party............................................. 243
45AD.................... Cartel provisions............................................................. 243
45AE..................... Meaning of expressions in other provisions of this Act. 249
Subdivision B—Offences etc. 250
45AF..................... Making a contract etc. containing a cartel provision........ 250
45AG.................... Giving effect to a cartel provision................................... 251
45AH.................... Determining guilt............................................................ 252
45AI...................... Court may make related civil orders................................ 252
Subdivision C—Civil penalty provisions 252
45AJ...................... Making a contract etc. containing a cartel provision........ 252
45AK..................... Giving effect to a cartel provision................................... 253
Subdivision D—Exceptions 253
45AL..................... Conduct notified............................................................. 253
45AM.................... Cartel provision subject to grant of authorisation............ 254
45AN.................... Contracts, arrangements or understandings between related bodies corporate 254
45AO.................... Joint ventures—prosecution........................................... 255
45AP..................... Joint ventures—civil penalty proceedings....................... 256
45AQ.................... Resale price maintenance................................................ 257
45AR..................... Exclusive dealing............................................................ 257
45AS..................... Dual listed company arrangement................................... 258
45AT..................... Acquisition of shares or assets....................................... 259
45AU.................... Collective acquisition of goods or services by the parties to a contract, arrangement or understanding 259
Division 2—Other provisions 261
45.......................... Contracts, arrangements or understandings that restrict dealings or affect competition 261
45D....................... Secondary boycotts for the purpose of causing substantial loss or damage 265
45DA.................... Secondary boycotts for the purpose of causing substantial lessening of competition 266
45DB..................... Boycotts affecting trade or commerce............................. 266
45DC..................... Involvement and liability of employee organisations...... 267
45DD.................... Situations in which boycotts permitted........................... 269
45E........................ Prohibition of contracts, arrangements or understandings affecting the supply or acquisition of goods or services........................................................................... 273
45EA..................... Provisions contravening section 45E not to be given effect 276
45EB..................... Sections 45D to 45EA do not affect operation of other provisions of Part 277
46.......................... Misuse of market power................................................. 277
46A....................... Misuse of market power—corporation with substantial degree of power in trans‑Tasman market 279
46B........................ No immunity from jurisdiction in relation to certain New Zealand laws 281
47.......................... Exclusive dealing............................................................ 282
48.......................... Resale price maintenance................................................ 288
49.......................... Dual listed company arrangements that affect competition 289
50.......................... Prohibition of acquisitions that would result in a substantial lessening of competition 290
50A....................... Acquisitions that occur outside Australia........................ 292
51.......................... Exceptions...................................................................... 295
51AAA................. Concurrent operation of State and Territory laws........... 299
Part IVB—Industry codes 300
Division 1—Preliminary 300
51ACA.................. Definitions...................................................................... 300
Division 2—Contravention of industry codes 302
51ACB.................. Contravention of industry codes..................................... 302
Division 2A—Infringement notices 303
51ACC.................. Purpose and effect of this Division................................. 303
51ACD.................. Issuing an infringement notice........................................ 303
51ACE.................. Matters to be included in an infringement notice............. 304
51ACF.................. Amount of penalty.......................................................... 304
51ACG.................. Effect of compliance with an infringement notice........... 305
51ACH.................. Effect of failure to comply with an infringement notice.. 305
51ACI................... Infringement notice compliance period for infringement notice 306
51ACJ................... Withdrawal of an infringement notice............................. 306
Division 3—Public warning notices 309
51ADA................. Commission may issue a public warning notice............. 309
Division 4—Orders to redress loss or damage suffered by non‑parties etc. 310
51ADB.................. Orders to redress loss or damage suffered by non‑parties etc. 310
51ADC.................. Kinds of orders that may be made to redress loss or damage suffered by non‑parties etc. 312
Division 5—Investigation power 314
51ADD................. Commission may require corporation to provide information 314
51ADE.................. Extending periods for complying with notices................ 314
51ADF.................. Compliance with notices................................................. 315
51ADG................. False or misleading information etc................................ 315
Division 6—Miscellaneous 316
51AE..................... Regulations relating to industry codes............................ 316
51AEA.................. Concurrent operation of State and Territory laws........... 316
Part IVC—Payment surcharges 317
Division 1—Preliminary 317
55.......................... Object of this Part........................................................... 317
55A....................... Definitions...................................................................... 317
Division 2—Limit on payment surcharges 319
55B........................ Payment surcharges must not be excessive..................... 319
Division 3—Information about payment surcharges 320
55C........................ Surcharge information notices........................................ 320
55D....................... Extending periods for complying with notices................ 320
55E........................ Participant must comply with notice............................... 321
Division 4—Infringement notices 322
55F........................ Purpose and effect of this Division................................. 322
55G....................... Issuing an infringement notice........................................ 322
55H....................... Matters to be included in an infringement notice............. 323
55J......................... Amount of penalty.......................................................... 323
55K........................ Effect of compliance with an infringement notice........... 323
55L........................ Effect of failure to comply with an infringement notice.. 324
55M....................... Infringement notice compliance period for infringement notice 324
55N....................... Withdrawal of an infringement notice............................. 325
Part IVD—Consumer data right 327
Division 1—Preliminary 327
Subdivision A—Object and simplified outline 327
56AA.................... Object of this Part........................................................... 327
56AB..................... Simplified outline............................................................ 327
Subdivision B—Designating sectors subject to the consumer data right 328
56AC..................... Designated sectors subject to the consumer data right.... 328
56AD.................... Minister’s tasks before designating a sector etc.............. 330
56AE..................... Commission must analyse, consult and report about an instrument proposing to designate a sector 332
56AF..................... Information Commissioner must analyse and report about an instrument proposing to designate a sector........................................................................................ 332
56AG.................... Commission may recommend that a sector be designated etc. 333
56AH.................... Other matters.................................................................. 334
Subdivision C—Meanings of key terms 334
56AI...................... Meanings of CDR data, directly or indirectly derived and CDR consumer 334
56AJ...................... Meaning of data holder.................................................. 335
56AK..................... Meaning of accredited data recipient............................. 337
56AL..................... Meanings of CDR participant and designated gateway.. 337
56AM.................... Meanings of chargeable CDR data, chargeable circumstances and fee‑free CDR data 338
Subdivision D—Extension to external Territories and extraterritorial operation 339
56AN.................... Extension to external Territories..................................... 339
56AO.................... Extraterritorial operation of the CDR provisions............ 339
56AP..................... Geographical application of offences.............................. 341
Subdivision E—Application to government entities 341
56AQ.................... CDR provisions bind the Crown.................................... 341
56AR..................... Government entities may participate under this Part....... 341
56AS..................... Participating government entities of a State or Territory—declaration 343
56AT..................... Participating government entities of a State or Territory—revocation 343
Division 2—Consumer data right 345
Subdivision A—Power to make consumer data rules 345
56BA..................... Commission may make consumer data rules.................. 345
56BAA.................. Rules must include requirement to delete CDR data on request from CDR consumer 345
56BB..................... Matters that the consumer data rules may deal with........ 347
56BC..................... Rules about disclosure, collection, use, accuracy, storage, security or deletion of CDR data for which there are CDR consumers............................................................. 347
56BD..................... Limitations for rules about CDR data for which there are CDR consumers 349
56BE..................... Rules about disclosure, collection, use, accuracy, storage, security or deletion of product data 351
56BF..................... Limitations for rules about product data.......................... 351
56BG..................... Rules about designated gateways.................................... 352
56BH..................... Rules about accreditation of data recipients..................... 354
56BI...................... Rules about reporting, record keeping and auditing........ 356
56BJ...................... Rules about incidental or related matters......................... 357
56BK..................... Further limitations on the consumer data rules................ 358
Subdivision B—Compliance with consumer data rules 360
56BL..................... Obligation to comply with consumer data rules.............. 360
56BM.................... Infringement notices....................................................... 360
56BN..................... Misleading or deceptive conduct—offence..................... 361
56BO..................... Misleading or deceptive conduct—civil penalty.............. 362
Subdivision C—Process for making consumer data rules etc. 363
56BP..................... Matters to which Commission must have regard when making the rules 363
56BQ..................... Commission to consult before making the rules............. 363
56BR..................... Ministerial consent to rules required............................... 364
56BS..................... Emergency rules: usual consultation and consent not required 364
56BT..................... Emergency rules: consequences if made......................... 364
Subdivision D—Fees for disclosing CDR data 365
56BU..................... Charging a fee in inappropriate circumstances when required to disclose CDR data 365
56BV..................... Commission may intervene if fee for disclosing or using chargeable CDR data is unreasonable etc. 366
56BW.................... Review by the Tribunal of determinations specifying particular CDR participants 368
56BX..................... Functions and powers of Tribunal.................................. 368
56BY..................... Provisions that do not apply in relation to a Tribunal review 369
Division 3—Accreditation etc. 370
Subdivision A—Accreditation process 370
56CA..................... Granting accreditations................................................... 370
56CB..................... Review of decisions refusing to accredit......................... 370
56CC..................... Prohibition on holding out—offence.............................. 370
56CD..................... Prohibition on holding out—civil penalty....................... 371
Subdivision B—Register of Accredited Persons 372
56CE..................... Register of Accredited Persons....................................... 372
56CF..................... Evidentiary value of the register...................................... 372
Subdivision C—Data Recipient Accreditor 372
56CG..................... Appointment of the Data Recipient Accreditor............... 372
56CH..................... Functions, powers and annual report.............................. 373
56CI...................... Directions by Minister.................................................... 374
56CJ...................... Delegation....................................................................... 374
Subdivision D—Accreditation Registrar 375
56CK..................... Appointment of the Accreditation Registrar.................... 375
56CL..................... Functions, powers and annual report.............................. 375
56CM.................... Directions by Minister.................................................... 376
56CN..................... Delegation....................................................................... 377
Division 4—External dispute resolution 378
56DA.................... Commission may recognise external dispute resolution schemes 378
Division 5—Privacy safeguards 380
Subdivision A—Preliminary 380
56EA..................... Simplified outline............................................................ 380
56EB..................... Kinds of CDR data to which the privacy safeguards apply 380
56EC..................... Relationship with other laws........................................... 381
Subdivision B—Consideration of CDR data privacy 382
56ED..................... Privacy safeguard 1—open and transparent management of CDR data 382
56EE...................... Privacy safeguard 2—anonymity and pseudonymity...... 385
Subdivision C—Collecting CDR data 385
56EF...................... Privacy safeguard 3—soliciting CDR data from CDR participants 385
56EG..................... Privacy safeguard 4—dealing with unsolicited CDR data from CDR participants 386
56EH..................... Privacy safeguard 5—notifying of the collection of CDR data 386
Subdivision D—Dealing with CDR data 387
56EI....................... Privacy safeguard 6—use or disclosure of CDR data by accredited data recipients or designated gateways........................................................................................ 387
56EJ...................... Privacy safeguard 7—use or disclosure of CDR data for direct marketing by accredited data recipients or designated gateways....................................................... 388
56EK..................... Privacy safeguard 8—overseas disclosure of CDR data by accredited data recipients 389
56EL...................... Privacy safeguard 9—adoption or disclosure of government related identifiers by accredited data recipients........................................................................................ 390
56EM.................... Privacy safeguard 10—notifying of the disclosure of CDR data 391
Subdivision E—Integrity of CDR data 392
56EN..................... Privacy safeguard 11—quality of CDR data................... 392
56EO..................... Privacy safeguard 12—security of CDR data, and destruction or de‑identification of redundant CDR data........................................................................................ 394
Subdivision F—Correction of CDR data 395
56EP...................... Privacy safeguard 13—correction of CDR data.............. 395
Subdivision G—Compliance with the privacy safeguards 396
56EQ..................... Information Commissioner to promote compliance etc... 396
56ER..................... Information Commissioner may conduct an assessment relating to the management and handling of CDR data........................................................................................ 397
56ES...................... Notification of CDR data security breaches.................... 398
56ET...................... Investigating breaches of the privacy safeguards etc....... 399
56EU..................... Civil penalty provisions.................................................. 402
56EV..................... Civil penalty provisions—maximum amount of penalty. 404
56EW.................... Enforceable undertakings................................................ 405
56EX..................... Injunctions...................................................................... 406
56EY..................... Actions for damages....................................................... 406
56EZ...................... Delegation to the Commission etc................................... 408
Division 6—Data standards etc. 410
Subdivision A—Data standards 410
56FA..................... Making data standards.................................................... 410
56FB..................... What data standards can set out etc................................. 411
56FC..................... Data standards must be published................................... 411
56FD..................... Legal effect of data standards.......................................... 411
56FE...................... Enforcement of binding data standards........................... 412
Subdivision B—Data Standards Chair 413
56FF...................... Data Standards Chair...................................................... 413
56FG..................... Appointment of the Data Standards Chair...................... 413
56FH..................... Functions and powers of the Data Standards Chair........ 413
56FI....................... Directions by Minister.................................................... 414
Subdivision C—Data Standards Body 414
56FJ...................... Appointment of the Data Standards Body...................... 414
56FK..................... Function and powers of the Data Standards Body.......... 415
Subdivision D—Administrative provisions 415
56FL...................... Acting appointments....................................................... 415
56FM.................... Terms and conditions...................................................... 416
56FN..................... Remuneration.................................................................. 416
56FO..................... Leave.............................................................................. 416
56FP...................... Application of the finance law etc................................... 417
56FQ..................... Resignation..................................................................... 417
56FR..................... Termination of appointment............................................ 418
56FS...................... Delegation....................................................................... 418
Division 7—Other matters 420
56GA.................... CDR functions of the Information Commissioner.......... 420
56GB..................... Referring to instruments as in force from time to time.... 420
56GC..................... Complying with requirements to provide CDR data: protection from liability 421
56GD.................... Exemptions by the Commission..................................... 421
56GE..................... Exemptions and modifications by regulations................. 422
56GF..................... Constitutional basis......................................................... 423
56GG.................... Compensation for acquisition of property....................... 425
56GH.................... Review of the operation of this Part................................ 425
Part V—Carbon tax price reduction obligation 427
Division 1—Preliminary 427
60.......................... Simplified outline of this Part......................................... 427
60AA.................... Objects etc...................................................................... 428
60A....................... Definitions...................................................................... 429
60B........................ Regulated goods............................................................. 434
Division 2—Carbon tax price reduction obligation 435
60C........................ Price exploitation in relation to the carbon tax repeal...... 435
60CA..................... Failure to pass on cost savings—250% penalty.............. 435
60D....................... Notice to entity that is considered to have engaged in price exploitation in relation to the carbon tax repeal........................................................................................ 437
60E........................ Commission may issue notice to aid prevention of price exploitation in relation to the carbon tax repeal........................................................................................ 438
60F........................ Acquisition of property................................................... 439
Division 2A—Carbon tax removal substantiation notices 440
60FA..................... Carbon tax removal substantiation notices...................... 440
60FB..................... Extending periods for complying with carbon tax removal substantiation notices 441
60FC..................... Compliance with carbon tax removal substantiation notices 441
Division 2B—Carbon tax removal substantiation statements 443
60FD..................... Carbon tax removal substantiation statements................. 443
Division 2C—Statements for customers 446
60FE...................... Statements for customers................................................ 446
Division 3—Price monitoring in relation to the carbon tax repeal etc. 448
60G....................... Commission may monitor prices in relation to the carbon tax repeal etc. 448
60H....................... Information‑gathering powers........................................ 450
60J......................... Reporting........................................................................ 452
Division 4—False or misleading representations about the effect of the carbon tax repeal etc. on prices 453
60K........................ False or misleading representations about the effect of the carbon tax repeal etc. on prices 453
Division 5—Infringement notices 454
60L........................ Issuing an infringement notice........................................ 454
60M....................... Effect of compliance with an infringement notice........... 455
60N....................... Effect of failure to comply with an infringement notice.. 456
60P........................ Infringement notice compliance period for infringement notice 456
60Q....................... Withdrawal of an infringement notice............................. 457
60R........................ Effect of this Division..................................................... 458
Part VI—Enforcement and remedies 460
75B........................ Interpretation................................................................... 460
76.......................... Pecuniary penalties......................................................... 460
76A....................... Defence to proceedings under section 76 relating to a contravention of section 92 464
76B........................ Consequences in some cases if substantially the same conduct contravenes a provision of this Act and is an offence............................................................................ 465
77.......................... Civil action for recovery of pecuniary penalties.............. 467
77A....................... Indemnification of officers.............................................. 467
77B........................ Certain indemnities not authorised and certain documents void 468
77C........................ Application of section 77A to a person other than a body corporate 468
78.......................... Criminal proceedings not to be brought for contraventions of Part IV 468
79.......................... Offences against section 45AF or 45AG........................ 469
79A....................... Enforcement and recovery of certain fines...................... 470
79B........................ Preference must be given to compensation for victims... 472
80.......................... Injunctions...................................................................... 473
80A....................... Price exploitation in relation to the carbon tax repeal—orders limiting prices or requiring refunds of money........................................................................................ 476
80AB..................... Stay of injunctions.......................................................... 476
80AC..................... Injunctions to prevent mergers if authorisation granted on the basis of false or misleading information 478
81.......................... Divestiture where merger contravenes section 50 or 50A 478
81A....................... Divestiture where merger done under authorisation granted on false etc. information 480
82.......................... Actions for damages....................................................... 482
83.......................... Findings and admissions of fact in proceedings to be evidence 483
84.......................... Conduct by directors, employees or agents..................... 484
85.......................... Defences......................................................................... 486
86.......................... Jurisdiction of courts...................................................... 487
86AA.................... Limit on jurisdiction of Federal Circuit Court................. 488
86A....................... Transfer of matters.......................................................... 488
86C........................ Non‑punitive orders........................................................ 489
86D....................... Punitive orders—adverse publicity................................. 491
86E........................ Order disqualifying a person from managing corporations 492
86F........................ Privilege against exposure to penalty—disqualification from managing corporations 494
87.......................... Other orders.................................................................... 495
87AA.................... Special provision relating to Court’s exercise of powers under this Part in relation to boycott conduct 499
87B........................ Enforcement of undertakings.......................................... 500
87C........................ Enforcement of undertakings—Secretary of the Department 501
87CA..................... Intervention by Commission........................................... 502
Part VIA—Proportionate liability for misleading and deceptive conduct 503
87CB..................... Application of Part.......................................................... 503
87CC..................... Certain concurrent wrongdoers not to have benefit of apportionment 503
87CD..................... Proportionate liability for apportionable claims............... 504
87CE..................... Defendant to notify plaintiff of concurrent wrongdoer of whom defendant aware 505
87CF..................... Contribution not recoverable from defendant.................. 506
87CG..................... Subsequent actions......................................................... 506
87CH..................... Joining non‑party concurrent wrongdoer in the action.... 506
87CI...................... Application of Part.......................................................... 506
Part VIB—Claims for damages or compensation for death or personal injury 508
Division 1—Introduction 508
87D....................... Definitions...................................................................... 508
87E........................ Proceedings to which this Part applies............................ 510
Division 2—Limitation periods 511
87F........................ Basic rule........................................................................ 511
87G....................... Date of discoverability.................................................... 512
87H....................... Long‑stop period............................................................ 514
87J......................... The effect of minority or incapacity................................ 514
87K........................ The effect of close relationships...................................... 515
Division 3—Limits on personal injury damages for non‑economic loss 516
87L........................ Limits on damages for non‑economic loss...................... 516
87M....................... Maximum amount of damages for non‑economic loss... 516
87N....................... Index numbers................................................................ 517
87P........................ Most extreme cases......................................................... 517
87Q....................... Cases of 33% or more (but not 100%) of a most extreme case 518
87R........................ Cases of 15% or more (but less than 33%) of a most extreme case 518
87S........................ Cases of less than 15% of a most extreme case.............. 519
87T........................ Referring to earlier decisions on non‑economic loss....... 519
Division 4—Limits on personal injury damages for loss of earning capacity 520
87U....................... Personal injury damages for loss of earning capacity..... 520
87V....................... Average weekly earnings................................................ 520
Division 5—Limits on personal injury damages for gratuitous attendant care services 522
87W....................... Personal injury damages for gratuitous attendant care services for plaintiff 522
87X....................... Personal injury damages for loss of plaintiff’s capacity to provide gratuitous attendant care services 523
Division 6—Other limits on personal injury damages 525
87Y....................... Damages for future economic loss—discount rate.......... 525
87Z........................ Damages for loss of superannuation entitlements........... 525
87ZA..................... Interest on damages........................................................ 526
87ZB..................... Exemplary and aggravated damages............................... 527
Division 7—Structured settlements 528
87ZC..................... Court may make orders under section 87 for structured settlements 528
Part VII—Authorisations and notifications 529
Division 1—Authorisations 529
87ZP...................... Definitions...................................................................... 529
88.......................... Commission may grant authorisations............................ 529
89.......................... Procedure for applications and the keeping of a register. 531
90.......................... Determination of applications for authorisations............. 534
90A....................... Commission to afford opportunity for conference before determining application for authorisation 539
90B........................ Commission may rely on consultations undertaken by the AEMC 543
91.......................... Grant and variation of authorisations.............................. 544
91A....................... Minor variations of authorizations.................................. 546
91B........................ Revocation of an authorization........................................ 549
91C........................ Revocation of an authorization and substitution of a replacement 551
92.......................... Providing false or misleading information...................... 554
Division 2—Notifications 556
Subdivision A—Exclusive dealing and resale price maintenance 556
93.......................... Notification of exclusive dealing or resale price maintenance.. 556
93AAA................. Imposing conditions relating to notifications.................. 562
Subdivision B—Collective bargaining 563
93AA.................... Definitions...................................................................... 563
93AB..................... Notification of collective bargaining............................... 563
93AC..................... Commission’s objection notice....................................... 568
93ACA.................. Imposing conditions relating to collective boycott conduct 570
93AD.................... When collective bargaining notice comes into force and ceases to be in force 571
93AE..................... Withdrawal of collective bargaining notice..................... 574
93AEA.................. Only 1 collective bargaining notice under subsection 93AB(1A) may be given 574
93AF..................... Only 1 collective bargaining notice under subsection 93AB(1) may be given 575
93AG.................... Stop notice for collective boycott conduct....................... 575
Subdivision C—Conferences 577
93A....................... Commission to afford opportunity for conference before giving notice 577
Subdivision D—Register of notifications 580
95.......................... Register of notifications.................................................. 580
Division 3—Class exemptions 584
95AA.................... Commission may determine class exemptions................ 584
95AB..................... Commission may withdraw the benefit of class exemption in particular case 585
Part VIIA—Prices surveillance 587
Division 1—Preliminary 587
95A....................... Interpretation................................................................... 587
95B........................ Exempt supplies.............................................................. 591
95C........................ Application of Part.......................................................... 591
95D....................... Crown to be bound......................................................... 592
95E........................ Object of this Part........................................................... 592
95F........................ Simplified overview of this Part..................................... 593
Division 2—Commission’s functions under this Part 594
95G....................... Commission’s functions under this Part......................... 594
Division 3—Price inquiries 596
Subdivision A—Holding of inquiries 596
95H....................... Price inquiries................................................................. 596
95J......................... Content of inquiry notices............................................... 597
95K........................ Period for completing inquiry......................................... 598
95L........................ Notice of holding of inquiry........................................... 599
95M....................... Notice of extension of period for completing inquiry..... 599
95N....................... Price restrictions............................................................. 600
Subdivision B—Reports on inquiries 602
95P........................ Copies of report to be made available............................. 602
95Q....................... Notification of proposed prices after receipt of report..... 603
Subdivision C—Procedure at inquiries 604
95R........................ Public inquiries etc.......................................................... 604
95S........................ Taking of evidence on oath or affirmation...................... 605
95T........................ Failure of witness to attend............................................. 606
95U....................... Refusal to be sworn or to answer question..................... 606
95V....................... Protection of witnesses................................................... 607
95W....................... Allowances to witnesses................................................. 607
Division 4—Price notifications 609
95X....................... Declarations by Minister or Commission....................... 609
95Y....................... Declarations in relation to State or Territory authorities.. 609