Contents
Part I—Preliminary 1
1............................ Short title............................................................................ 1
2............................ Object of this Act................................................................ 1
2A......................... Application of Act to Commonwealth and Commonwealth authorities 1
2B.......................... Application of Act to States and Territories........................ 2
2BA....................... Application of Part IV to local government bodies............. 2
2C.......................... Activities that are not business............................................ 3
3............................ Repeal................................................................................. 4
4............................ Interpretation....................................................................... 5
4A......................... Subsidiary, holding and related bodies corporate.............. 16
4B.......................... Consumers........................................................................ 18
4C.......................... Acquisition, supply and re‑supply.................................... 21
4D......................... Exclusionary provisions................................................... 22
4E.......................... Market.............................................................................. 23
4F.......................... References to purpose or reason....................................... 23
4G......................... Lessening of competition to include preventing or hindering competition 24
4H......................... Application of Act in relation to leases and licences of land and buildings 24
4J........................... Joint ventures.................................................................... 24
4K.......................... Loss or damage to include injury...................................... 25
4KA....................... Definitions etc. that do not apply in Part XI or Schedule 2 25
4L.......................... Severability....................................................................... 25
4M......................... Saving of law relating to restraint of trade and breaches of confidence 26
4N......................... Extended application of Part IIIA..................................... 26
5............................ Extended application of this Act to conduct outside Australia 26
6............................ Extended application of this Act to persons who are not corporations 28
6AA...................... Application of the Criminal Code..................................... 35
Part II—The Australian Competition and Consumer Commission 37
6A......................... Establishment of Commission.......................................... 37
7............................ Constitution of Commission............................................. 38
8............................ Terms and conditions of appointment............................... 38
8A......................... Associate members........................................................... 38
8AB....................... State/Territory AER members taken to be associate members 40
9............................ Remuneration.................................................................... 40
10.......................... Deputy Chairpersons........................................................ 41
11.......................... Acting Chairperson........................................................... 41
12.......................... Leave of absence............................................................... 42
13.......................... Termination of appointment of members of the Commission.. 42
14.......................... Termination of appointment of associate members of the Commission 43
15.......................... Resignation....................................................................... 43
16.......................... Arrangement of business.................................................. 44
17.......................... Disclosure of interests by members.................................. 44
18.......................... Meetings of Commission.................................................. 45
19.......................... Chairperson may direct Commission to sit in Divisions... 46
25.......................... Delegation by Commission............................................... 47
26.......................... Delegation by Commission of certain functions and powers 48
27.......................... Staff of Commission......................................................... 48
27A....................... Consultants....................................................................... 48
28.......................... Functions of Commission in relation to dissemination of information, law reform and research 49
29.......................... Commission to comply with directions of Minister and requirements of the Parliament 50
Part IIA—The National Competition Council 52
29A....................... Establishment of Council.................................................. 52
29B........................ Functions and powers of Council..................................... 52
29BA..................... Commonwealth consent to conferral of functions etc. on Council 53
29BB..................... How duty is imposed........................................................ 53
29BC..................... When a State/Territory energy law imposes a duty........... 55
29C........................ Membership of Council.................................................... 55
29D....................... Terms and conditions of office......................................... 55
29E........................ Acting Council President.................................................. 55
29F........................ Remuneration of Councillors............................................ 56
29G....................... Leave of absence............................................................... 56
29H....................... Termination of appointment of Councillors...................... 56
29I......................... Resignation of Councillors............................................... 57
29J......................... Arrangement of Council business..................................... 57
29K........................ Disclosure of interests by Councillors.............................. 57
29L........................ Council meetings.............................................................. 58
29LA..................... Resolutions without meetings........................................... 59
29M....................... Staff to help Council......................................................... 59
29N....................... Consultants....................................................................... 60
29O....................... Annual report.................................................................... 60
Part III—The Australian Competition Tribunal 62
29P........................ Definition.......................................................................... 62
30.......................... Constitution of Tribunal.................................................... 62
31.......................... Qualifications of members of Tribunal............................. 62
31A....................... Appointment of Judge as presidential member of Tribunal not to affect tenure etc. 63
32.......................... Terms and conditions of appointment............................... 63
33.......................... Remuneration and allowances of members of Tribunal.... 63
34.......................... Acting appointments......................................................... 63
35.......................... Suspension and removal of members of Tribunal............. 65
36.......................... Resignation....................................................................... 66
37.......................... Constitution of Tribunal for particular matters.................. 66
38.......................... Validity of determinations................................................. 66
39.......................... President may give directions........................................... 66
40.......................... Disclosure of interests by members of Tribunal............... 66
41.......................... Presidential member to preside......................................... 67
42.......................... Decision of questions....................................................... 67
43.......................... Member of Tribunal ceasing to be available...................... 68
43A....................... Counsel assisting Tribunal................................................ 68
43B........................ Consultants....................................................................... 69
44.......................... Staff of Tribunal............................................................... 69
44A....................... Acting appointments......................................................... 69
Part IIIAA—The Australian Energy Regulator (AER) 70
Division 1—Preliminary 70
44AB..................... Definitions........................................................................ 70
44AC..................... This Part binds the Crown................................................ 70
44AD.................... Extra‑territorial operation.................................................. 70
Division 2—Establishment of the AER 72
44AE..................... Establishment of the AER................................................. 72
44AF..................... AER to hold money and property on behalf of the Commonwealth 72
44AG.................... Constitution of the AER................................................... 72
Division 3—Functions and powers of the AER 73
44AH.................... Commonwealth functions................................................. 73
44AI...................... Commonwealth consent to conferral of functions etc. on AER 73
44AJ...................... How duty is imposed........................................................ 74
44AK..................... When a State/Territory energy law etc. imposes a duty..... 75
44AL..................... Powers of the AER........................................................... 75
Division 4—Administrative provisions relating to the AER 77
Subdivision A—Appointment etc. of members 77
44AM.................... Appointment of Commonwealth AER member................ 77
44AN.................... Membership of AER and Commission............................. 77
44AO.................... Acting appointment of Commonwealth AER member...... 78
44AP..................... Appointment of State/Territory AER members................. 78
44AQ.................... Acting appointment of State/Territory AER member........ 79
44AR..................... AER Chair........................................................................ 79
44AS..................... Acting AER Chair............................................................ 80
44AT..................... Remuneration of AER members....................................... 80
44AU.................... Additional remuneration of AER Chair............................ 81
44AV.................... Leave of absence............................................................... 81
44AW.................... Other terms and conditions............................................... 81
44AX.................... Outside employment......................................................... 81
44AY.................... Disclosure of interests...................................................... 82
44AZ..................... Resignation....................................................................... 82
44AAB.................. Termination of appointment.............................................. 82
Subdivision B—Staff etc. to assist the AER 83
44AAC.................. Staff etc. to assist the AER............................................... 83
Subdivision C—Meetings of the AER etc. 83
44AAD................. Meetings........................................................................... 83
44AAE.................. Resolutions without meetings........................................... 84
44AAEA............... Arbitration........................................................................ 85
Subdivision D—Miscellaneous 85
44AAF.................. Confidentiality.................................................................. 85
44AAG................. Federal Court may make certain orders............................. 87
44AAGA.............. Federal Court may order disconnection if an event specified in the National Electricity Rules occurs 88
44AAH................. Delegation by the AER..................................................... 89
44AAI................... Fees.................................................................................. 89
44AAJ................... Annual report.................................................................... 90
44AAK.................. Regulations may deal with transitional matters................. 90
Part IIIAB—Application of the finance law 92
44AAL.................. Application of the finance law.......................................... 92
Part IIIA—Access to services 93
Division 1—Preliminary 93
44AA.................... Objects of Part.................................................................. 93
44B........................ Definitions........................................................................ 93
44C........................ How this Part applies to partnerships and joint ventures.. 97
44D....................... Meaning of designated Minister....................................... 98
44DA.................... The principles in the Competition Principles Agreement have status as guidelines 99
44E........................ This Part binds the Crown................................................ 99
Division 2—Declared services 101
Subdivision A—Recommendation by the Council 101
44F........................ Person may request recommendation.............................. 101
44FA..................... Council may request information.................................... 102
44G....................... Limits on the Council recommending declaration of a service 103
44GA.................... Time limit for Council recommendations........................ 104
44GB..................... Council may invite public submissions on the application 107
44GC..................... Council must publish its recommendation...................... 108
Subdivision B—Declaration by the designated Minister 109
44H....................... Designated Minister may declare a service..................... 109
44HA.................... Designated Minister must publish his or her decision.... 111
44I......................... Duration and effect of declaration................................... 112
44J......................... Revocation of declaration................................................ 113
44K........................ Review of declaration..................................................... 114
44KA..................... Tribunal may stay operation of declaration..................... 115
44KB..................... Tribunal may order costs be awarded............................. 117
44L........................ Review of decision not to revoke a declaration............... 118
Division 2AA—Services that are ineligible to be declared 120
Subdivision A—Scope of Division 120
44LA..................... Constitutional limits on operation of this Division.......... 120
Subdivision B—Ineligibility recommendation by Council 120
44LB..................... Ineligibility recommendation........................................... 120
44LC..................... Council may request information.................................... 122
44LD..................... Time limit for Council recommendations........................ 123
44LE...................... Council may invite public submissions on the application 125
44LF...................... Council must publish its recommendation...................... 126
Subdivision C—Designated Minister’s decision on ineligibility 127
44LG..................... Designated Minister’s decision on ineligibility............... 127
44LH..................... Designated Minister must publish his or her decision.... 129
Subdivision D—Revocation of ineligibility decision 130
44LI....................... Revocation of ineligibility decision................................. 130
Subdivision E—Review of decisions 132
44LJ...................... Review of ineligibility decisions..................................... 132
44LK..................... Review of decision to revoke or not revoke an ineligibility decision 133
Subdivision F—Other matters 135
44LL...................... Ineligibility decisions subject to alteration, cancellation etc. 135
Division 2A—Effective access regimes 136
Subdivision A—Recommendation by Council 136
44M....................... Recommendation for a Ministerial decision on effectiveness of access regime 136
44MA.................... Council may request information.................................... 137
Subdivision B—Decision by Commonwealth Minister 137
44N....................... Ministerial decision on effectiveness of access regime... 137
Subdivision C—Extensions of Commonwealth Minister’s decision 139
44NA.................... Recommendation by Council.......................................... 139
44NAA................. Council may request information.................................... 140
44NB..................... Decision by the Commonwealth Minister....................... 140
Subdivision D—Procedural provisions 142
44NC..................... Time limit for Council recommendations........................ 142
44NE..................... Council may invite public submissions........................... 144
44NF..................... Publication—Council...................................................... 146
44NG.................... Publication—Commonwealth Minister........................... 147
Subdivision E—Review of decisions 147
44O....................... Review of Ministerial decision on effectiveness of access regime 147
Subdivision F—State or Territory ceasing to be a party to Competition Principles Agreement 149
44P........................ State or Territory ceasing to be a party to Competition Principles Agreement 149
Division 2B—Competitive tender processes for government owned facilities 150
44PA..................... Approval of competitive tender process.......................... 150
44PAA.................. Commission may request information............................ 151
44PB..................... Report on conduct of tender process............................... 152
44PC..................... Revocation of approval decision..................................... 152
44PD..................... Time limit for Commission decisions............................. 154
44PE...................... Commission may invite public submissions................... 156
44PF...................... Commission must publish its decisions.......................... 157
44PG..................... Review of Commission’s initial decision........................ 158
44PH..................... Review of decision to revoke an approval...................... 160
Division 2C—Register of decisions and declarations 162
44Q....................... Register of decisions, declarations and ineligibility decisions 162
Division 3—Access to declared services 163
Subdivision A—Scope of Division 163
44R........................ Constitutional limits on operation of this Division.......... 163
Subdivision B—Notification of access disputes 163
44S........................ Notification of access disputes........................................ 163
44T........................ Withdrawal of notifications............................................. 164
Subdivision C—Arbitration of access disputes 164
44U....................... Parties to the arbitration.................................................. 164
44V....................... Determination by Commission....................................... 164
44W....................... Restrictions on access determinations............................. 166
44X....................... Matters that the Commission must take into account...... 167
44XA.................... Time limit for Commission’s final determination............ 168
44Y....................... Commission may terminate arbitration in certain cases... 170
44YA.................... Commission must terminate arbitration if declaration varied or set aside by Tribunal 170
Subdivision D—Procedure in arbitrations 171
44Z........................ Constitution of Commission for conduct of arbitration... 171
44ZA..................... Member of the Commission presiding at an arbitration.. 171
44ZB..................... Reconstitution of Commission........................................ 171
44ZC..................... Determination of questions............................................. 172
44ZD..................... Hearing to be in private................................................... 172
44ZE...................... Right to representation.................................................... 172
44ZF...................... Procedure of Commission.............................................. 172
44ZG..................... Particular powers of Commission................................... 173
44ZH..................... Power to take evidence on oath or affirmation................ 174
44ZI....................... Failing to attend as a witness.......................................... 174
44ZJ...................... Failing to answer questions etc....................................... 175
44ZK..................... Intimidation etc............................................................... 175
44ZL...................... Party may request Commission to treat material as confidential 176
44ZM.................... Sections 18 and 19 do not apply to the Commission in an arbitration 177
44ZN..................... Parties to pay costs of an arbitration............................... 177
44ZNA.................. Joint arbitration hearings................................................. 177
Subdivision DA—Arbitration reports 179
44ZNB.................. Arbitration reports.......................................................... 179
Subdivision E—Effect of determinations 180
44ZO..................... Operation of final determinations.................................... 180
44ZOA.................. Effect and duration of interim determinations................. 182
Subdivision F—Review of final determinations 183
44ZP...................... Review by Tribunal........................................................ 183
44ZQ..................... Provisions that do not apply in relation to a Tribunal review 184
44ZR..................... Appeals to Federal Court from determinations of the Tribunal 184
44ZS...................... Operation and implementation of a determination that is subject to appeal 185
44ZT...................... Transmission of documents............................................ 185
Subdivision G—Variation and revocation of determinations 186
44ZU..................... Variation of final determinations..................................... 186
44ZUA.................. Variation and revocation of interim determinations......... 186
Division 4—Registered contracts for access to declared services 187
44ZV..................... Constitutional limits on operation of this Division.......... 187
44ZW.................... Registration of contract................................................... 187
44ZX..................... Review of decision not to register contract..................... 188
44ZY..................... Effect of registration of contract...................................... 189
Division 5—Hindering access to declared services 190
44ZZ...................... Prohibition on hindering access to declared services...... 190
Division 6—Access undertakings and access codes for services 191
Subdivision A—Giving of access undertakings and access codes 191
44ZZA................... Access undertakings by providers.................................. 191
44ZZAAA............. Proposed amendments to access undertakings................ 193
44ZZAAB............. Access undertakings containing fixed principles............ 195
44ZZAA................ Access codes prepared by industry bodies..................... 197
44ZZAB................ Commission may rely on industry body consultations... 199
Subdivision B—Effect of access undertakings and access codes 200
44ZZBA................ When access undertakings and access codes come into operation 200
Subdivision C—Extensions of access undertakings and access codes 201
44ZZBB................ Extensions of access undertakings and access codes...... 201
Subdivision D—Procedural provisions 203
44ZZBC................ Time limit for Commission decisions............................. 203
44ZZBCA............. Commission may request information............................ 205
44ZZBD................ Commission may invite public submissions................... 205
44ZZBE................. Commission must publish its decisions.......................... 207
Subdivision E—Review of decisions 208
44ZZBF................. Review of decisions........................................................ 208
Subdivision F—Register of access undertakings and access codes 210
44ZZC................... Register of access undertakings and access codes.......... 210
Division 6A—Pricing principles for access disputes and access undertakings or codes 211
44ZZCA................ Pricing principles for access disputes and access undertakings or codes 211
Division 6B—Overlap among determinations, registered contracts, access undertakings and Tribunal review 212
44ZZCB................ Deferring access disputes or access undertakings........... 212
44ZZCBA............. Deferral of arbitration if review is underway.................. 214
44ZZCC................ Overlap between determinations and access undertakings 215
44ZZCD................ Overlap between registered contracts and access undertakings 215
Division 7—Enforcement and remedies 217
44ZZD................... Enforcement of determinations....................................... 217
44ZZE................... Enforcement of prohibition on hindering access............. 218
44ZZF................... Consent injunctions........................................................ 219
44ZZG................... Interim injunctions.......................................................... 219
44ZZH................... Factors relevant to granting a restraining injunction........ 219
44ZZI.................... Factors relevant to granting a mandatory injunction........ 219
44ZZJ.................... Enforcement of access undertakings............................... 220
44ZZK................... Discharge or variation of injunction or other order......... 220
Division 8—Miscellaneous 221
44ZZL................... Register of determinations.............................................. 221
44ZZM.................. Commonwealth consent to conferral of functions etc. on the Commission or Tribunal by State or Territory laws................................................................................ 221
44ZZMA............... How duty is imposed...................................................... 222
44ZZMB............... When a law of a State or Territory imposes a duty......... 223
44ZZN................... Compensation for acquisition of property....................... 223
44ZZNA................ Operation of Parts IV and VII not affected by this Part.. 224
44ZZO................... Conduct by directors, servants or agents........................ 224
44ZZOAAA.......... Information to be given to Tribunal................................ 226
44ZZOAA............. Tribunal only to consider particular material................... 228
44ZZOA................ Time limit for Tribunal decisions.................................... 228
44ZZP................... Regulations about review by the Tribunal....................... 231
44ZZQ................... Regulations about fees for inspection etc. of registers.... 232
44ZZR................... Procedure of the Tribunal when performing functions under a State/Territory energy law or a designated Commonwealth energy law............................................ 232
Part IV—Restrictive trade practices 233
Division 1—Cartel conduct 233
Subdivision A—Introduction 233
44ZZRA................ Simplified outline............................................................ 233
44ZZRB................ Definitions...................................................................... 233
44ZZRC................ Extended meaning of party............................................. 235
44ZZRD................ Cartel provisions............................................................. 235
44ZZRE................. Meaning of expressions in other provisions of this Act. 241
Subdivision B—Offences etc. 241
44ZZRF................. Making a contract etc. containing a cartel provision........ 241
44ZZRG................ Giving effect to a cartel provision................................... 242
44ZZRH................ Determining guilt............................................................ 243
44ZZRI.................. Court may make related civil orders................................ 244
Subdivision C—Civil penalty provisions 244
44ZZRJ................. Making a contract etc. containing a cartel provision........ 244
44ZZRK................ Giving effect to a cartel provision................................... 244
Subdivision D—Exceptions 245
44ZZRL................. Conduct notified............................................................. 245
44ZZRM............... Cartel provision subject to grant of authorisation............ 245
44ZZRN................ Contracts, arrangements or understandings between related bodies corporate 246
44ZZRO................ Joint ventures—prosecution........................................... 246
44ZZRP................. Joint ventures—civil penalty proceedings....................... 249
44ZZRQ................ Covenants affecting competition..................................... 252
44ZZRR................ Resale price maintenance................................................ 252
44ZZRS................. Exclusive dealing............................................................ 253
44ZZRT................. Dual listed company arrangement................................... 254
44ZZRU................ Acquisition of shares or assets....................................... 254
44ZZRV................ Collective acquisition of goods or services by the parties to a contract, arrangement or understanding 255
Division 1A—Anti‑competitive disclosure of pricing and other information 256
44ZZS................... Definitions...................................................................... 256
44ZZT................... Goods and services to which this Division applies......... 256
44ZZU................... Provisions affecting whether a corporation has disclosed information to a person 257
44ZZV................... Meaning of private disclosure to competitors................ 258
44ZZW.................. Corporation must not make private disclosure of pricing information etc. to competitors 259
44ZZX................... Corporation must not make disclosure of pricing information etc. for purpose of substantially lessening competition..................................................................... 260
44ZZY................... Exceptions that apply to sections 44ZZW and 44ZZX.... 261
44ZZZ................... Additional exceptions that only apply to section 44ZZW 263
44ZZZA................ Burden of proof.............................................................. 266
44ZZZB................. Mere receipt of information does not constitute being knowingly involved in contravention 267
Division 2—Other provisions 268
45.......................... Contracts, arrangements or understandings that restrict dealings or affect competition 268
45B........................ Covenants affecting competition..................................... 271
45C........................ Covenants in relation to prices........................................ 275
45D....................... Secondary boycotts for the purpose of causing substantial loss or damage 277
45DA.................... Secondary boycotts for the purpose of causing substantial lessening of competition 278
45DB..................... Boycotts affecting trade or commerce............................. 279
45DC..................... Involvement and liability of employee organisations...... 280
45DD.................... Situations in which boycotts permitted........................... 282
45E........................ Prohibition of contracts, arrangements or understandings affecting the supply or acquisition of goods or services........................................................................... 285
45EA..................... Provisions contravening section 45E not to be given effect 289
45EB..................... Sections 45D to 45EA do not affect operation of other provisions of Part 289
46.......................... Misuse of market power................................................. 289
46A....................... Misuse of market power—corporation with substantial degree of power in trans‑Tasman market 294
46B........................ No immunity from jurisdiction in relation to certain New Zealand laws 296
47.......................... Exclusive dealing............................................................ 296
48.......................... Resale price maintenance................................................ 303
49.......................... Dual listed company arrangements that affect competition 303
50.......................... Prohibition of acquisitions that would result in a substantial lessening of competition 305
50A....................... Acquisitions that occur outside Australia........................ 307
51.......................... Exceptions...................................................................... 310
51AAA................. Concurrent operation of State and Territory laws........... 315
Part IVB—Industry codes 316
Division 1—Preliminary 316
51ACA.................. Definitions...................................................................... 316
Division 2—Contravention of industry codes 318
51ACB.................. Contravention of industry codes..................................... 318
Division 2A—Infringement notices 319
51ACC.................. Purpose and effect of this Division................................. 319
51ACD.................. Issuing an infringement notice........................................ 319
51ACE.................. Matters to be included in an infringement notice............. 320
51ACF.................. Amount of penalty.......................................................... 320
51ACG.................. Effect of compliance with an infringement notice........... 321
51ACH.................. Effect of failure to comply with an infringement notice.. 321
51ACI................... Infringement notice compliance period for infringement notice 322
51ACJ................... Withdrawal of an infringement notice............................. 322
Division 3—Public warning notices 325
51ADA................. Commission may issue a public warning notice............. 325
Division 4—Orders to redress loss or damage suffered by non‑parties etc. 326
51ADB.................. Orders to redress loss or damage suffered by non‑parties etc. 326
51ADC.................. Kinds of orders that may be made to redress loss or damage suffered by non‑parties etc. 328
Division 5—Investigation power 330
51ADD................. Commission may require corporation to provide information 330
51ADE.................. Extending periods for complying with notices................ 330
51ADF.................. Compliance with notices................................................. 331
51ADG................. False or misleading information etc................................ 331
Division 6—Miscellaneous 332
51AE..................... Regulations relating to industry codes............................ 332
51AEA.................. Concurrent operation of State and Territory laws........... 332
Part V—Carbon tax price reduction obligation 333
Division 1—Preliminary 343
60.......................... Simplified outline of this Part......................................... 343
60AA.................... Objects etc...................................................................... 344
60A....................... Definitions...................................................................... 345
60B........................ Regulated goods............................................................. 350
Division 2—Carbon tax price reduction obligation 351
60C........................ Price exploitation in relation to the carbon tax repeal...... 351
60CA..................... Failure to pass on cost savings—250% penalty.............. 351
60D....................... Notice to entity that is considered to have engaged in price exploitation in relation to the carbon tax repeal........................................................................................ 353
60E........................ Commission may issue notice to aid prevention of price exploitation in relation to the carbon tax repeal........................................................................................ 354
60F........................ Acquisition of property................................................... 355
Division 2A—Carbon tax removal substantiation notices 356
60FA..................... Carbon tax removal substantiation notices...................... 356
60FB..................... Extending periods for complying with carbon tax removal substantiation notices 357
60FC..................... Compliance with carbon tax removal substantiation notices 357
Division 2B—Carbon tax removal substantiation statements 359
60FD..................... Carbon tax removal substantiation statements................. 359
Division 2C—Statements for customers 362
60FE...................... Statements for customers................................................ 362
Division 3—Price monitoring in relation to the carbon tax repeal etc. 364
60G....................... Commission may monitor prices in relation to the carbon tax repeal etc. 364
60H....................... Information‑gathering powers........................................ 366
60J......................... Reporting........................................................................ 368
Division 4—False or misleading representations about the effect of the carbon tax repeal etc. on prices 369
60K........................ False or misleading representations about the effect of the carbon tax repeal etc. on prices 369
Division 5—Infringement notices 370
60L........................ Issuing an infringement notice........................................ 370
60M....................... Effect of compliance with an infringement notice........... 371
60N....................... Effect of failure to comply with an infringement notice.. 372
60P........................ Infringement notice compliance period for infringement notice 372
60Q....................... Withdrawal of an infringement notice............................. 373
60R........................ Effect of this Division..................................................... 374
Part VI—Enforcement and remedies 376
75B........................ Interpretation................................................................... 376
76.......................... Pecuniary penalties......................................................... 376
76A....................... Defence to proceedings under section 76 relating to a contravention of section 95AZN 380
76B........................ What happens if substantially the same conduct is a contravention of Part IV or section 95AZN and an offence?.......................................................................... 381
76C........................ Defence to proceedings relating to exclusionary provisions 382
77.......................... Civil action for recovery of pecuniary penalties.............. 383
77A....................... Indemnification of officers.............................................. 383
77B........................ Certain indemnities not authorised and certain documents void 384
77C........................ Application of section 77A to a person other than a body corporate 384
78.......................... Criminal proceedings not to be brought for contraventions of Part IV 384
79.......................... Offences against section 44ZZRF or 44ZZRG............... 385
79A....................... Enforcement and recovery of certain fines...................... 386
79B........................ Preference must be given to compensation for victims... 388
80.......................... Injunctions...................................................................... 389
80A....................... Price exploitation in relation to the carbon tax repeal—orders limiting prices or requiring refunds of money........................................................................................ 392
80AB..................... Stay of injunctions.......................................................... 392
80AC..................... Injunctions to prevent mergers if clearance or authorisation granted on the basis of false or misleading information..................................................................... 394
81.......................... Divestiture where merger contravenes section 50 or 50A 395
81A....................... Divestiture where merger done under clearance or authorisation granted on false etc. information 397
82.......................... Actions for damages....................................................... 399
83.......................... Finding in proceedings to be evidence............................ 399
84.......................... Conduct by directors, employees or agents..................... 400
85.......................... Defences......................................................................... 402
86.......................... Jurisdiction of courts...................................................... 402
86AA.................... Limit on jurisdiction of Federal Circuit Court................. 404
86A....................... Transfer of matters.......................................................... 404
86C........................ Non‑punitive orders........................................................ 405
86D....................... Punitive orders—adverse publicity................................. 407
86E........................ Order disqualifying a person from managing corporations 408
86F........................ Privilege against exposure to penalty—disqualification from managing corporations 409
87.......................... Other orders.................................................................... 410
87AA.................... Special provision relating to Court’s exercise of powers under this Part in relation to boycott conduct 415
87B........................ Enforcement of undertakings.......................................... 416
87C........................ Enforcement of undertakings—Secretary of the Department 417
87CA..................... Intervention by Commission........................................... 417
Part VIA—Proportionate liability for misleading and deceptive conduct 418
87CB..................... Application of Part.......................................................... 418
87CC..................... Certain concurrent wrongdoers not to have benefit of apportionment 418
87CD..................... Proportionate liability for apportionable claims............... 419
87CE..................... Defendant to notify plaintiff of concurrent wrongdoer of whom defendant aware 420
87CF..................... Contribution not recoverable from defendant.................. 421
87CG..................... Subsequent actions......................................................... 421
87CH..................... Joining non‑party concurrent wrongdoer in the action.... 421
87CI...................... Application of Part.......................................................... 421
Part VIB—Claims for damages or compensation for death or personal injury 423
Division 1—Introduction 423
87D....................... Definitions...................................................................... 423
87E........................ Proceedings to which this Part applies............................ 425
Division 2—Limitation periods 426
87F........................ Basic rule........................................................................ 426
87G....................... Date of discoverability.................................................... 427
87H....................... Long‑stop period............................................................ 429
87J......................... The effect of minority or incapacity................................ 429
87K........................ The effect of close relationships...................................... 430
Division 3—Limits on personal injury damages for non‑economic loss 431
87L........................ Limits on damages for non‑economic loss...................... 431
87M....................... Maximum amount of damages for non‑economic loss... 431
87N....................... Index numbers................................................................ 432
87P........................ Most extreme cases......................................................... 432
87Q....................... Cases of 33% or more (but not 100%) of a most extreme case 433
87R........................ Cases of 15% or more (but less than 33%) of a most extreme case 433
87S........................ Cases of less than 15% of a most extreme case.............. 434
87T........................ Referring to earlier decisions on non‑economic loss....... 434
Division 4—Limits on personal injury damages for loss of earning capacity 435
87U....................... Personal injury damages for loss of earning capacity..... 435
87V....................... Average weekly earnings................................................ 435
Division 5—Limits on personal injury damages for gratuitous attendant care services 437
87W....................... Personal injury damages for gratuitous attendant care services for plaintiff 437
87X....................... Personal injury damages for loss of plaintiff’s capacity to provide gratuitous attendant care services 438
Division 6—Other limits on personal injury damages 440
87Y....................... Damages for future economic loss—discount rate.......... 440
87Z........................ Damages for loss of superannuation entitlements........... 440
87ZA..................... Interest on damages........................................................ 441
87ZB..................... Exemplary and aggravated damages............................... 442
Division 7—Structured settlements 443
87ZC..................... Court may make orders under section 87 for structured settlements 443
Part VII—Authorisations, notifications and clearances in respect of restrictive trade practices 444
Division 1—Authorisations (other than section 50 merger authorisations) 444
87ZP...................... Definitions...................................................................... 444
88.......................... Power of Commission to grant authorisations................ 444
89.......................... Procedure for applications and the keeping of a register. 452
90.......................... Determination of applications for authorisations............. 455
90A....................... Commission to afford opportunity for conference before determining application for authorisation 462
90B........................ Commission may rely on consultations undertaken by the AEMC 466
91.......................... Grant and variation of authorisations.............................. 467
91A....................... Minor variations of authorizations.................................. 469
91B........................ Revocation of an authorization........................................ 471
91C........................ Revocation of an authorization and substitution of a replacement 473
Division 2—Notifications 476
Subdivision A—Exclusive dealing and private disclosure of pricing information 476
93.......................... Notification of exclusive dealing or private disclosure of pricing information 476
Subdivision B—Collective bargaining 482
93AA.................... Definitions...................................................................... 482
93AB..................... Notification of collective bargaining............................... 482
93AC..................... Commission’s objection notice....................................... 487
93AD.................... When collective bargaining notice comes into force and ceases to be in force 489
93AE..................... Withdrawal of collective bargaining notice..................... 490
93AEA.................. Only 1 collective bargaining notice under subsection 93AB(1A) may be given 491
93AF..................... Only 1 collective bargaining notice under subsection 93AB(1) may be given 492
Subdivision C—Conferences 492
93A....................... Commission to afford opportunity for conference before giving notice 492
Subdivision D—Register of notifications 495
95.......................... Register of notifications.................................................. 495
Division 3—Merger clearances and authorisations 499
Subdivision A—Preliminary 499
95AA.................... Simplified outline of this Division.................................. 499
95AB..................... Definitions...................................................................... 500
Subdivision B—Merger clearances 501
95AC..................... Commission may grant clearance for a merger............... 501
95AD.................... Application for clearance................................................ 502
95AE..................... Requirements for valid clearance application.................. 502
95AF..................... Commission to notify if clearance application is invalid. 502
95AG.................... Application to be published on the internet..................... 502
95AH.................... Merger clearance register................................................ 503
95AI...................... Confidentiality claims etc................................................ 503
95AJ...................... Commission may seek additional information from applicant 505
95AK..................... Commission may seek further information and consult others 505
95AL..................... Applicant may withdraw application............................... 505
95AM.................... Commission to make determination on application......... 505
95AN.................... When clearance must not be granted............................... 506
95AO.................... Time limits for determining application........................... 507
95AP..................... Clearance subject to conditions....................................... 507
95AQ.................... When clearance is in force.............................................. 508
95AR..................... Minor variations of clearances........................................ 509
95AS..................... Revocation of clearance or revocation of clearance and substitution of a new clearance 513
Subdivision C—Merger authorisations 517
95AT..................... Tribunal may grant authorisation for a merger................ 517
95AU.................... Application for authorisation.......................................... 518
95AV.................... Requirements for valid authorisation application............ 518
95AW.................... Tribunal to notify if authorisation application is invalid.. 519
95AX.................... Tribunal to notify Commission of authorisation application 519
95AY.................... Application to be published on the internet..................... 519
95AZ..................... Merger authorisation register.......................................... 519
95AZA.................. Confidentiality claims etc................................................ 520
95AZC.................. Tribunal may seek additional information from applicant 521
95AZD.................. Tribunal may seek further information and consult others etc. 522
95AZE................... Applicant may withdraw application............................... 522
95AZEA................ Tribunal must require Commission to give report........... 522
95AZF................... Commission to assist Tribunal........................................ 522
95AZFA................ Commission may make enquiries................................... 523
95AZG.................. Tribunal to make determination on application................ 523
95AZH.................. When authorisation must not be granted......................... 524
95AZI.................... Time limits for determining application........................... 525
95AZJ................... Authorisation subject to conditions................................. 525
95AZK.................. When authorisation is in force........................................ 526
95AZL................... Minor variations of authorisations.................................. 526
95AZM................. Revocation of authorisation or revocation of authorisation and substitution of a new authorisation 530
Subdivision D—Miscellaneous 535
95AZN.................. Providing false or misleading information...................... 535
Part VIIA—Prices surveillance 537
Division 1—Preliminary 537
95A....................... Interpretation................................................................... 537
95B........................ Exempt supplies.............................................................. 541
95C........................ Application of Part.......................................................... 541
95D....................... Crown to be bound......................................................... 542
95E........................ Object of this Part........................................................... 542
95F........................ Simplified overview of this Part..................................... 543
Division 2—Commission’s functions under this Part 544
95G....................... Commission’s functions under this Part......................... 544
Division 3—Price inquiries 546
Subdivision A—Holding of inquiries 546
95H....................... Price inquiries................................................................. 546
95J......................... Content of inquiry notices............................................... 547
95K........................ Period for completing inquiry......................................... 548
95L........................ Notice of holding of inquiry........................................... 549
95M....................... Notice of extension of period for completing inquiry..... 549
95N....................... Price restrictions............................................................. 550
Subdivision B—Reports on inquiries 553
95P........................ Copies of report to be made available............................. 553
95Q....................... Notification of proposed prices after receipt of report..... 553
Subdivision C—Procedure at inquiries 554
95R........................ Public inquiries etc.......................................................... 554
95S........................ Taking of evidence on oath or affirmation...................... 555
95T........................ Failure of witness to attend............................................. 556
95U....................... Refusal to be sworn or to answer question..................... 556
95V....................... Protection of witnesses................................................... 557
95W....................... Allowances to witnesses................................................. 558
Division 4—Price notifications 559
95X....................... Declarations by Minister or Commission....................... 559
95Y....................... Declarations in relation to State or Territory authorities.. 559
95Z........................ Price restrictions............................................................. 561
95ZA..................... Later notices modifying a locality notice......................... 564
95ZB..................... Applicable period in relation to a locality notice.............. 564
95ZC..................... Register of price notifications......................................... 565
95ZD..................... Delegation by Commission............................................. 567
Division 5—Price monitoring 568
95ZE...................... Directions to monitor prices, costs and profits of an industry 568
95ZF...................... Directions to monitor prices, costs and profits of a business 568
95ZG..................... Exceptions to price monitoring....................................... 569
Division 6—Other provisions 570
95ZH..................... Ministerial directions...................................................... 570
95ZI....................... Inquiries by an unincorporated body or a group of 2 or more individuals 570
95ZJ...................... Withdrawal of notices..................................................... 571
95ZK..................... Power to obtain information or documents..................... 571
95ZL...................... Inspection of documents etc............................................ 574
95ZM.................... Retention of documents.................................................. 575
95ZN..................... Confidential information................................................. 575
95ZO..................... Immunity........................................................................ 576
95ZP...................... Secrecy: members or staff members of the Commission etc. 577
95ZQ..................... Secrecy: persons involved in inquiries by bodies other than the Commission 578
Part VIII—Resale price maintenance 581
96.......................... Acts constituting engaging in resale price maintenance... 581
96A....................... Resale price maintenance in relation to services.............. 583
97.......................... Recommended prices...................................................... 584
98.......................... Withholding the supply of goods.................................... 584
99.......................... Statements as to the minimum price of goods................. 585
100........................ Evidentiary provisions.................................................... 586
Part IX—Review by Tribunal of Determinations of Commission 587
Division 1—Applications for review (other than for merger clearances) 587
101........................ Applications for review.................................................. 587
101A..................... Application for review of notice under subsection 93(3) or (3A) or 93AC(1) or (2) 588
102........................ Functions and powers of Tribunal.................................. 589
Division 2—Procedure and Evidence 594
102A..................... Definition........................................................................ 594
103........................ Procedure generally........................................................ 594
104........................ Regulations as to certain matters..................................... 594
105........................ Power to take evidence on oath....................................... 595
106........................ Hearings to be in public except in special circumstances 595
107........................ Evidence in form of written statement............................. 596
108........................ Taking of evidence by single member............................. 596
109........................ Participants in proceedings before Tribunal.................... 596
110........................ Representation................................................................ 597
Division 3—Review of Commission’s determinations on merger clearances 598
111........................ Applications for review.................................................. 598
112........................ Tribunal to notify Commission....................................... 599
113........................ Commission to give material to Tribunal........................ 599
114........................ Tribunal may consult etc. to clarify information.............. 599
115........................ Commission to assist Tribunal........................................ 600
116........................ Tribunal only to consider material before the Commission 600
117........................ Tribunal to make decision on review.............................. 600
118........................ Time limits for making review decision.......................... 601
119........................ Tribunal’s decision taken to be Commission’s............... 601
An Act relating to competition, fair trading and consumer protection, and for other purposes
Part I—Preliminary
1 Short title
This Act may be cited as the Competition and Consumer Act 2010.
2 Object of this Act
The object of this Act is to enhance the welfare of Australians through the promotion of competition and fair trading and provision for consumer protection.
2A Application of Act to Commonwealth and Commonwealth authorities
(1) Subject to this section and sections 44AC, 44E and 95D, this Act binds the Crown in right of the Commonwealth in so far as the Crown in right of the Commonwealth carries on a business, either directly or by an authority of the Commonwealth.
(2) Subject to the succeeding provisions of this section, this Act applies as if:
(a) the Commonwealth, in so far as it carries on a business otherwise than by an authority of the Commonwealth; and
(b) each authority of the Commonwealth (whether or not acting as an agent of the Crown in right of the Commonwealth) in so far as it carries on a business;
were a corporation.
(3) Nothing in this Act makes the Crown in right of the Commonwealth liable to a pecuniary penalty or to be prosecuted for an offence.
(3A) The protection in subsection (3) does not apply to an authority of the Commonwealth.
(4) Part IV does not apply in relation to the business carried on by the Commonwealth in developing, and disposing of interests in, land in the Australian Capital Territory.
2B Application of Act to States and Territories
(1) The following provisions of this Act bind the Crown in right of each of the States, of the Northern Territory and of the Australian Capital Territory, so far as the Crown carries on a business, either directly or by an authority of the State or Territory:
(a) Part IV;
(aa) Part V;
(b) Part XIB;
(c) the other provisions of this Act so far as they relate to the above provisions.
(2) Nothing in this Act renders the Crown in right of a State or Territory liable to a pecuniary penalty or to be prosecuted for an offence.
(3) The protection in subsection (2) does not apply to an authority of a State or Territory.
2BA Application of Part IV to local government bodies
(1) Part IV applies in relation to a local government body only to the extent that it carries on a business, either directly or by an incorporated company in which it has a controlling interest.
(2) In this section:
local government body means a body established by or under a law of a State or Territory for the purposes of local government, other than a body established solely or primarily for the purposes of providing a particular service, such as the supply of electricity or water.
2C Activities that are not business
(1) For the purposes of sections 2A, 2B and 2BA, the following do not amount to carrying on a business:
(a) imposing or collecting:
(i) taxes; or
(ii) levies; or
(iii) fees for licences;
(b) granting, refusing to grant, revoking, suspending or varying licences (whether or not they are subject to conditions);
(c) a transaction involving:
(i) only persons who are all acting for the Crown in the same right (and none of whom is an authority of the Commonwealth or an authority of a State or Territory); or
(ii) only persons who are all acting for the same authority of the Commonwealth; or
(iii) only persons who are all acting for the same authority of a State or Territory; or
(iv) only the Crown in right of the Commonwealth and one or more non‑commercial authorities of the Commonwealth; or
(v) only the Crown in right of a State or Territory and one or more non‑commercial authorities of that State or Territory; or
(vi) only non‑commercial authorities of the Commonwealth; or
(vii) only non‑commercial authorities of the same State or Territory; or
(viii) only persons who are all acting for the same local government body (within the meaning of section 2BA) or for the same incorporated company in which such a body has a controlling interest;
(d) the acquisition of primary products by a government body under legislation, unless the acquisition occurs because:
(i) the body chooses to acquire the products; or
(ii) the body has not exercised a discretion that it has under the legislation that would allow it not to acquire the products.
(2) Subsection (1) does not limit the things that do not amount to carrying on a business for the purposes of sections 2A, 2B and 2BA.
(3) In this section:
acquisition of primary products by a government body under legislation includes vesting of ownership of primary products in a government body by legislation.
government body means the Commonwealth, a State, a Territory, an authority of the Commonwealth or an authority of a State or Territory.
licence means a licence that allows the licensee to supply goods or services.
primary products means:
(a) agricultural or horticultural produce; or
(b) crops, whether on or attached to the land or not; or
(c) animals (whether dead or alive); or
(d) the bodily produce (including natural increase) of animals.
(4) For the purposes of this section, an authority of the Commonwealth or an authority of a State or Territory is non‑commercial if:
(a) it is constituted by only one person; and
(b) it is neither a trading corporation nor a financial corporation.
3 Repeal
The Restrictive Trade Practices Act 1971 and the Restrictive Trade Practices Act 1972 are repealed.
4 Interpretation
(1) In this Act, unless the contrary intention appears:
acquire includes:
(a) in relation to goods—acquire by way of purchase, exchange or taking on lease, on hire or on hire‑purchase; and
(b) in relation to services—accept.
AEMC or Australian Energy Market Commission means the body established by section 5 of the Australian Energy Market Commission Establishment Act 2004 of South Australia.
AER or Australian Energy Regulator means the body established by section 44AE.
AER Chair means the Chair of the AER.
AER member means a member of the AER.
arrive at, in relation to an understanding, includes reach or enter into.
Australian Consumer Law means Schedule 2 as applied under Subdivision A of Division 2 of Part XI.
authorisation means:
(a) an authorisation under Division 1 of Part VII granted by the Commission or by the Tribunal on a review of a determination of the Commission; or
(b) an authorisation under Division 3 of Part VII granted by the Tribunal.
authority, in relation to a State or Territory (including an external Territory), means:
(a) a body corporate established for a purpose of the State or the Territory by or under a law of the State or Territory; or
(b) an incorporated company in which the State or the Territory, or a body corporate referred to in paragraph (a), has a controlling interest.
authority of the Commonwealth means:
(a) a body corporate established for a purpose of the Commonwealth by or under a law of the Commonwealth or a law of a Territory; or
(b) an incorporated company in which the Commonwealth, or a body corporate referred to in paragraph (a), has a controlling interest.
banker includes, but is not limited to, a body corporate that is an ADI (authorised deposit‑taking institution) for the purposes of the Banking Act 1959.
business includes a business not carried on for profit.
cartel provision has the meaning given by section 44ZZRD.
Chairperson means the Chairperson of the Commission.
clearance means a clearance under Division 3 of Part VII granted by the Commission or by the Tribunal on a review of a determination of the Commission.
Commission means the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission established by section 6A, and includes a member of the Commission or a Division of the Commission performing functions of the Commission.
competition includes competition from imported goods or from services rendered by persons not resident or not carrying on business in Australia.
Competition Principles Agreement means the Competition Principles Agreement made on 11 April 1995 between the Commonwealth, New South Wales, Victoria, Queensland, Western Australia, South Australia, Tasmania, the Australian Capital Territory and the Northern Territory, being that agreement as in force from time to time.
Conduct Code Agreement means the Conduct Code Agreement made on 11 April 1995 between the Commonwealth, New South Wales, Victoria, Queensland, Western Australia, South Australia, Tasmania, the Australian Capital Territory and the Northern Territory, being that agreement as in force from time to time.
corporation means a body corporate that:
(a) is a foreign corporation;
(b) is a trading corporation formed within the limits of Australia or is a financial corporation so formed;
(c) is incorporated in a Territory; or
(d) is the holding company of a body corporate of a kind referred to in paragraph (a), (b) or (c).
Council means the National Competition Council established by section 29A.
Councillor means a member of the Council, including the Council President.
Council President means the Council President referred to in subsection 29C(1).
covenant means a covenant (including a promise not under seal) annexed to or running with an estate or interest in land (whether at law or in equity and whether or not for the benefit of other land), and proposed covenant has a corresponding meaning.
debenture includes debenture stock, bonds, notes and any other document evidencing or acknowledging indebtedness of a body corporate, whether constituting a charge on property of the body corporate or not.
Deputy Chairperson means a Deputy Chairperson of the Commission.
Deputy President means a Deputy President of the Tribunal, and includes a person appointed to act as a Deputy President of the Tribunal.
Deputy Registrar means a Deputy Registrar of the Tribunal.
designated Commonwealth energy law means:
(a) the National Electricity (Commonwealth) Law and Regulations (as defined by the Australian Energy Market Act 2004); or
(b) the National Gas (Commonwealth) Law and Regulations (as defined by the Australian Energy Market Act 2004); or
(c) the Offshore Western Australian Pipelines (Commonwealth) Law and Regulations (as defined by the Australian Energy Market Act 2004); or
(d) the National Energy Retail Law and Regulations (Commonwealth) (as defined by the Australian Energy Market Act 2004).
document means any record of information, and includes:
(a) anything on which there is writing; and
(b) anything on which there are marks, figures, symbols or perforations having a meaning for persons qualified to interpret them; and
(c) anything from which sounds, images or writings can be reproduced with or without the aid of anything else; and
(d) a map, plan, drawing or photograph.
dual listed company arrangement has the same meaning as in section 125‑60 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.
electronic communication means a communication of information by means of guided and/or unguided electromagnetic energy:
(a) whether in the form of text; or
(b) whether in the form of data; or
(c) whether in the form of speech, music or other sounds; or
(d) whether in the form of visual images (animated or otherwise); or
(e) whether in any other form; or
(f) whether in any combination of forms.
Federal Circuit Court means the Federal Circuit Court of Australia.
financial corporation means a financial corporation within the meaning of paragraph 51(xx) of the Constitution and includes a body corporate that carries on as its sole or principal business the business of banking (other than State banking not extending beyond the limits of the State concerned) or insurance (other than State insurance not extending beyond the limits of the State concerned).
foreign corporation means a foreign corporation within the meaning of paragraph 51(xx) of the Constitution and includes a body corporate that is incorporated in an external Territory.
fully‑participating jurisdiction means a State or Territory that:
(a) is a participating jurisdiction as defined in section 150A; and
(b) is not named in a notice in operation under section 150K.
give effect to, in relation to a provision of a contract, arrangement or understanding, includes do an act or thing in pursuance of or in accordance with or enforce or purport to enforce.
goods includes:
(a) ships, aircraft and other vehicles;
(b) animals, including fish;
(c) minerals, trees and crops, whether on, under or attached to land or not; and
(d) gas and electricity.
local energy instrument means a regulation, rule, order, declaration or other instrument if:
(a) the instrument is made or has effect under a law of a State or Territory; and
(b) the law of the State or Territory applies a uniform energy law as a law of its own jurisdiction.
member of the Commission includes the Chairperson and a person appointed to act as a member of the Commission but does not include an associate member of the Commission.
member of the Tribunal includes the President and a person appointed to act as a member of the Tribunal.
New Zealand Commerce Commission means the Commission established by section 8 of the Commerce Act 1986 of New Zealand.
New Zealand Crown corporation means a body corporate that is an instrument of the Crown in respect of the Government of New Zealand.
organisation of employees means an organisation that exists or is carried on for the purpose, or for purposes that include the purpose, of furthering the interests of its members in relation to their employment.
personal injury includes:
(a) pre‑natal injury; or
(b) impairment of a person’s physical or mental condition; or
(c) disease;
but does not include an impairment of a person’s mental condition unless the impairment consists of a recognised psychiatric illness.
practice of exclusive dealing means the practice of exclusive dealing referred to in subsection 47(2), (3), (4), (5), (6), (7), (8) or (9).
practice of resale price maintenance means the practice of resale price maintenance referred to in Part VIII.
President means the President of the Tribunal and includes a person appointed to act as President of the Tribunal.
presidential member or presidential member of the Tribunal means the President or a Deputy President.
price includes a charge of any description.
provision, in relation to an understanding, means any matter forming part of the understanding.
registered charity means an entity that is registered under the Australian Charities and Not‑for‑profits Commission Act 2012 as the type of entity mentioned in column 1 of item 1 of the table in subsection 25‑5(5) of that Act.
Registrar means the Registrar of the Tribunal.
require, in relation to the giving of a covenant, means require or demand the giving of a covenant, whether by way of making a contract containing the covenant or otherwise, and whether or not a covenant is given in pursuance of the requirement or demand.
send includes deliver, and sent and sender have corresponding meanings.
services includes any rights (including rights in relation to, and interests in, real or personal property), benefits, privileges or facilities that are, or are to be, provided, granted or conferred in trade or commerce, and without limiting the generality of the foregoing, includes the rights, benefits, privileges or facilities that are, or are to be, provided, granted or conferred under:
(a) a contract for or in relation to:
(i) the performance of work (including work of a professional nature), whether with or without the supply of goods;
(ii) the provision of, or the use or enjoyment of facilities for, amusement, entertainment, recreation or instruction; or
(iii) the conferring of rights, benefits or privileges for which remuneration is payable in the form of a royalty, tribute, levy or similar exaction;
(b) a contract of insurance;
(c) a contract between a banker and a customer of the banker entered into in the course of the carrying on by the banker of the business of banking; or
(d) any contract for or in