Contents
Part 1—Introduction 1
1............................ Short title............................................................................ 1
2............................ Commencement.................................................................. 1
3............................ Objects................................................................................ 1
4............................ Regulatory policy................................................................ 3
5............................ Simplified outline................................................................ 3
6............................ Main index.......................................................................... 6
7............................ Definitions.......................................................................... 8
8............................ Crown to be bound........................................................... 21
9............................ Extra‑territorial application................................................ 21
10.......................... Extension to external Territories....................................... 21
11.......................... Extension to offshore areas............................................... 21
11A....................... Application of the Criminal Code..................................... 22
12.......................... Act subject to Radiocommunications Act......................... 22
13.......................... Continuity of partnerships................................................ 23
14.......................... Controlled carriage services, controlled networks and controlled facilities 23
15.......................... Content service................................................................. 24
16.......................... Listed carriage services..................................................... 25
18.......................... Access to an emergency call service................................. 26
19.......................... Recognised person who operates an emergency call service 26
20.......................... Customer cabling.............................................................. 26
21.......................... Customer equipment......................................................... 27
22.......................... Customer cabling and customer equipment—boundary of a telecommunications network 28
23.......................... Immediate circle................................................................ 30
24.......................... Extended meaning of use.................................................. 35
Part 2—Network units 36
Division 1—Simplified outline 36
25.......................... Simplified outline.............................................................. 36
Division 2—Basic definition 37
26.......................... Single line links connecting distinct places in Australia.... 37
27.......................... Multiple line links connecting distinct places in Australia. 37
28.......................... Designated radiocommunications facility.......................... 38
29.......................... Facilities specified in Ministerial determination................ 39
Division 3—Related definitions 40
30.......................... Line links.......................................................................... 40
31.......................... Designated radiocommunications facility.......................... 40
32.......................... Public mobile telecommunications service........................ 41
33.......................... Intercell hand‑over functions............................................ 43
34.......................... When a base station is part of a terrestrial radiocommunications customer access network 44
35.......................... Fixed radiocommunications link....................................... 45
Division 4—Distinct places 47
36.......................... Distinct places—basic rules.............................................. 47
37.......................... Properties.......................................................................... 47
38.......................... Combined areas................................................................ 48
39.......................... Principal user of a property............................................... 49
40.......................... Eligible combined areas.................................................... 49
Part 3—Carriers 50
Division 1—Simplified outline 50
41.......................... Simplified outline.............................................................. 50
Division 2—Prohibitions relating to carriers 51
42.......................... Network unit not to be used without carrier licence or nominated carrier declaration 51
43.......................... Continuing offences.......................................................... 52
44.......................... Supply to the public.......................................................... 52
45.......................... Exemption—defence......................................................... 54
46.......................... Exemption—intelligence operations.................................. 55
47.......................... Exemption—transport authorities..................................... 55
48.......................... Exemption—broadcasting services................................... 56
49.......................... Exemption—electricity supply bodies............................... 58
50.......................... Exemption—line links authorised by or under previous laws 59
51.......................... Exemption—Ministerial determination............................. 61
Division 3—Carrier licences 62
52.......................... Applications for carrier licence......................................... 62
53.......................... Form of application etc..................................................... 62
53A....................... Copy of application to be given to Communications Access Co‑ordinator 62
54.......................... Application to be accompanied by charge......................... 62
55.......................... Further information........................................................... 62
56.......................... Grant of licence................................................................. 63
56A....................... Consultation with Communications Access Co‑ordinator 63
57.......................... Carrier licence has effect subject to this Act...................... 65
58.......................... Refusal of carrier licence—disqualified applicant............. 65
58A....................... Refusal of carrier licence—security.................................. 69
59.......................... Time limit on licence decision........................................... 69
60.......................... Notification of refusal of application................................. 72
61.......................... Conditions of carrier licence specified in Schedule 1........ 72
62.......................... Condition of carrier licence set out in section 152AZ of the Competition and Consumer Act 2010 72
62A....................... Condition of carrier licence set out in section 152BCO of the Competition and Consumer Act 2010 72
62B........................ Condition of carrier licence set out in section 152BDF of the Competition and Consumer Act 2010 72
62C........................ Condition of carrier licence set out in section 152BEC of the Competition and Consumer Act 2010 73
62D....................... Condition of carrier licence set out in section 152CJC of the Competition and Consumer Act 2010 73
62E........................ Condition of carrier licence set out in section 37 of the National Broadband Network Companies Act 2011.......................................................................................... 73
63.......................... Conditions of carrier licence declared by Minister............ 73
64.......................... Consultation about declared licence conditions................. 75
65.......................... Conditions about foreign ownership or control................ 76
67.......................... Carrier licence conditions—special provisions................. 76
68.......................... Compliance with conditions.............................................. 76
69.......................... Remedial directions—breach of condition........................ 77
69AA.................... Remedial directions—breach of conditions relating to access 79
70.......................... Formal warnings—breach of condition............................ 80
71.......................... Surrender of carrier licence............................................... 82
72.......................... Cancellation of carrier licence........................................... 82
73.......................... Collection of charges relating to carrier licences............... 84
73A....................... Refund of application charge............................................ 86
74.......................... Collection of charges on behalf of the Commonwealth..... 86
75.......................... Cancellation of certain exemptions from charge................ 86
76.......................... Commonwealth not liable to charge.................................. 87
Division 4—Nominated carrier declarations 88
77.......................... Applications for nominated carrier declarations................ 88
78.......................... Application to be accompanied by charge etc.................... 88
79.......................... Form of application etc..................................................... 88
80.......................... Further information........................................................... 89
81.......................... Making a nominated carrier declaration............................ 89
81A....................... Obligations of nominated carrier....................................... 90
82.......................... Notification of refusal of application................................. 90
83.......................... Revocation of nominated carrier declaration..................... 90
Division 5—Register of nominated carrier declarations and carrier licences 92
84.......................... Register of nominated carrier declarations and carrier licences 92
Part 4—Service providers 93
Division 1—Simplified outline 93
85.......................... Simplified outline.............................................................. 93
Division 2—Service providers 94
86.......................... Service providers.............................................................. 94
Division 3—Carriage service providers 95
87.......................... Carriage service providers................................................ 95
88.......................... Supply to the public.......................................................... 97
89.......................... Exemption from definition—customers located on the same premises 98
90.......................... Exemption from definition—defence................................ 98
91.......................... Exemption from definition—intelligence operations......... 99
92.......................... Exemption from definition—transport authorities............. 99
93.......................... Exemption from definition—broadcasting services........ 100
94.......................... Exemption from definition—electricity supply bodies.... 101
95.......................... Exemption from definition—Ministerial determination... 101
96.......................... Exemption from certain regulatory provisions—Ministerial determination 102
Division 4—Content service providers 103
97.......................... Content service providers............................................... 103
Division 5—Service provider rules 104
98.......................... Service provider rules..................................................... 104
99.......................... Service provider determinations...................................... 105
100........................ Exemptions from service provider rules......................... 106
101........................ Service providers must comply with service provider rules 106
102........................ Remedial directions—breach of service provider rules... 107
103........................ Formal warnings—breach of service provider rules....... 108
Part 5—Monitoring of the performance of carriers and carriage service providers 111
104........................ Simplified outline............................................................ 111
105........................ Monitoring of performance—annual report.................... 111
105A..................... Monitoring of performance—additional report............... 113
105C...................... Monitoring of breaches by Telstra of an undertaking about structural separation 114
Part 6—Industry codes and industry standards 115
Division 1—Simplified outline 115
106........................ Simplified outline............................................................ 115
Division 2—Interpretation 116
107........................ Industry codes................................................................ 116
108........................ Industry standards.......................................................... 116
108A..................... Electronic messaging service provider............................ 116
108B...................... Telecommunications industry......................................... 117
109........................ Telecommunications activity........................................... 117
109A..................... E‑marketing activity........................................................ 117
109B...................... Telemarketing activity..................................................... 119
109C...................... Fax marketing activity..................................................... 120
110........................ Sections of the telecommunications industry.................. 122
110A..................... Sections of the e‑marketing industry............................... 124
110B...................... Sections of the telemarketing industry............................ 125
110C...................... Sections of the fax marketing industry............................ 125
111........................ Participants in a section of the telecommunications industry 126
111A..................... Participants in a section of the e‑marketing industry....... 126
111AA.................. Participants in a section of the telemarketing industry..... 126
111AB................... Participants in a section of the fax marketing industry.... 127
111B...................... Unsolicited commercial electronic messages................... 127
Division 3—General principles relating to industry codes and industry standards 128
112........................ Statement of regulatory policy........................................ 128
113........................ Examples of matters that may be dealt with by industry codes and industry standards 130
114........................ Industry codes and industry standards may confer powers on the Telecommunications Industry Ombudsman........................................................................................ 133
115........................ Industry codes and industry standards not to deal with certain design features and performance requirements........................................................................................ 134
116........................ Industry codes and industry standards not to deal with matters dealt with by codes and standards under Part 9 of the Broadcasting Services Act.................................... 135
116A..................... Industry codes and standards do not affect Privacy Act 1988 135
Division 4—Industry codes 136
117........................ Registration of industry codes........................................ 136
118........................ ACMA may request codes............................................. 138
119........................ Publication of notice where no body or association represents a section of the telecommunications industry, the e‑marketing industry, the telemarketing industry or the fax marketing industry 141
119A..................... Variation of industry codes............................................. 141
119B...................... Publication requirements for submissions...................... 144
120........................ Replacement of industry codes....................................... 146
121........................ Directions about compliance with industry codes........... 147
122........................ Formal warnings—breach of industry codes.................. 148
122A..................... De‑registering industry codes and provisions of industry codes 149
Division 5—Industry standards 150
123........................ ACMA may determine an industry standard if a request for an industry code is not complied with 150
124........................ ACMA may determine industry standard where no industry body or association formed 151
125........................ ACMA may determine industry standards where industry codes fail 152
125AA.................. ACMA must determine an industry standard if directed by the Minister 153
125A..................... ACMA must determine certain industry standards relating to the telemarketing industry 154
125B...................... ACMA must determine certain industry standards relating to the fax marketing industry 155
126........................ Industry standards not to be determined for certain privacy matters 156
127........................ Industry standards not to be determined during the first 180 days after commencement 156
128........................ Compliance with industry standards............................... 156
129........................ Formal warnings—breach of industry standards............ 157
130........................ Variation of industry standards....................................... 157
131........................ Revocation of industry standards.................................... 158
132........................ Public consultation on industry standards....................... 158
133........................ Consultation with ACCC and the Telecommunications Industry Ombudsman 159
134........................ Consultation with Information Commissioner................ 159
135........................ Consultation with consumer body.................................. 160
135A..................... Consultation with the States and Territories.................... 160
Division 6—Register of industry codes and industry standards 161
136........................ ACMA to maintain Register of industry codes and industry standards 161
Division 6A—Reimbursement of costs of development or variation of consumer‑related industry codes 162
136A..................... Application for eligibility for reimbursement of costs of development or variation of consumer‑related industry code................................................................................ 162
136B...................... Declaration of eligibility for reimbursement of costs of development or variation of consumer‑related industry code................................................................................ 163
136C...................... Reimbursement of costs of developing or varying consumer‑related industry code 165
136D..................... Costs—transactions between persons not at arm’s length 168
136E...................... Refundable cost.............................................................. 168
Division 7—Miscellaneous 169
137........................ Protection from civil proceedings................................... 169
138........................ Implied freedom of political communication................... 169
139........................ Agreements for the carrying on of telemarketing activities or fax marketing activities must require compliance with this Part................................................................... 169
Part 7—Layer 2 bitstream services 171
140........................ Simplified outline............................................................ 171
141........................ Supply of Layer 2 bitstream services.............................. 171
141A..................... Exemptions..................................................................... 174
141B...................... Deemed networks........................................................... 174
141C...................... Certain installations and connections are not taken to be an extension, alteration or upgrade 176
141D..................... Local access line............................................................. 176
141E...................... Alteration........................................................................ 177
141F...................... Upgrade of telecommunications network........................ 177
141G..................... Small business customer................................................. 177
Part 8—Superfast fixed‑line networks 178
Division 1—Introduction 178
142........................ Simplified outline............................................................ 178
142A..................... Definitions...................................................................... 178
Division 2—Supply of eligible services to be on wholesale basis 181
143........................ Supply of eligible services to be on wholesale basis....... 181
144........................ Exemptions—Ministerial instrument.............................. 182
145........................ Exemption—transport authorities................................... 183
146........................ Exemption—electricity supply bodies............................. 184
147........................ Exemption—gas supply bodies...................................... 184
148........................ Exemption—water supply bodies................................... 185
149........................ Exemption—sewerage services bodies........................... 185
150........................ Exemption—storm water drainage services bodies......... 186
151........................ Exemption—State or Territory road authorities.............. 186
Division 3—Other provisions 187
152........................ Associate........................................................................ 187
153........................ Control............................................................................ 188
154........................ Control of a company..................................................... 188
155........................ When a person is in a position to exercise control of a network 188
156........................ Deemed networks........................................................... 190
157........................ Certain installations and connections are not taken to be an extension, alteration or upgrade 192
158........................ Local access line............................................................. 192
159........................ Alteration........................................................................ 193
160........................ Upgrade of telecommunications network........................ 193
Part 13—Protection of communications 194
Division 1—Introduction 194
270........................ Simplified outline............................................................ 194
271........................ Eligible person................................................................ 194
272........................ Number‑database operator and eligible number‑database person 195
273........................ Information..................................................................... 195
274........................ Telecommunications contractor....................................... 195
275........................ Number‑database contractor........................................... 195
275A..................... Location information....................................................... 196
275B...................... Emergency management person...................................... 196
275C...................... Emergency...................................................................... 197
275D..................... Emergency law............................................................... 197
275E...................... Relevant information....................................................... 197
Division 2—Primary disclosure/use offences 198
276........................ Primary disclosure/use offence—eligible persons.......... 198
277........................ Primary disclosure/use offence—eligible number‑database persons 200
278........................ Primary disclosure/use offence—emergency call persons 201
Division 3—Exceptions to primary disclosure/use offences 203
Subdivision A—Exceptions 203
279........................ Performance of person’s duties...................................... 203
280........................ Authorisation by or under law........................................ 204
281........................ Witnesses........................................................................ 205
284........................ Assisting the ACMA, the ACCC, the Telecommunications Industry Ombudsman or TUSMA 205
285........................ Integrated public number database.................................. 206
285A..................... Data for emergency warnings......................................... 209
286........................ Calls to emergency service number................................. 210
287........................ Threat to person’s life or health...................................... 211
288........................ Communications for maritime purposes......................... 211
289........................ Knowledge or consent of person concerned................... 212
290........................ Implicit consent of sender and recipient of communication 212
291........................ Business needs of other carriers or service providers..... 212
291A..................... Location dependent carriage services.............................. 215
292........................ Circumstances prescribed in the regulations................... 215
293........................ Uses connected with exempt disclosures........................ 216
294........................ Effect of this Subdivision............................................... 216
Subdivision B—Burden of proof 217
295........................ Burden of proof.............................................................. 217
Division 3A—Integrated public number database authorisations 218
Subdivision A—ACMA scheme for the granting of authorisations 218
295A..................... ACMA to make integrated public number database scheme 218
295B...................... Scheme must deal with certain matters............................ 218
295C...................... Applications may be treated differently........................... 219
295D..................... Scope of authorisations................................................... 219
295E...................... Provisional and final authorisations................................ 219
295F...................... Conditions...................................................................... 219
295G..................... Varying or revoking authorisations................................ 219
295H..................... Scheme may confer administrative powers on the ACMA 219
295J....................... Ancillary or incidental provisions................................... 220
295K...................... Scheme‑making power not limited.................................. 220
295L...................... Variation of scheme........................................................ 220
295M..................... Consultation.................................................................... 220
Subdivision B—Ministerial instruments 221
295N..................... Criteria for deciding authorisation applications............... 221
295P...................... Conditions...................................................................... 221
295Q..................... Other reviewable decisions............................................. 222
Subdivision C—Enforcing compliance with conditions of authorisations 222
295R...................... Offence of breaching a condition.................................... 222
295S...................... Remedial directions for breaching a condition................ 222
295T...................... Formal warnings for breaching a condition.................... 223
Subdivision D—Report to Minister 223
295U..................... Report to Minister........................................................... 223
Division 3B—Emergency warnings 224
295V..................... Use or disclosure of information by emergency management persons 224
295W..................... Use or disclosure of information by other persons......... 225
295X..................... Effect on telecommunications network........................... 225
295Y..................... Coronial and other inquiries............................................ 225
295Z...................... Offence—use or disclosure of information by emergency management persons 226
295ZA................... Offence—use or disclosure of information by other persons.. 226
295ZB................... Reports of access............................................................ 227
295ZC................... Annual reports to the ACMA and Information Commissioner 227
295ZD................... Arrangements with States and Territories....................... 228
295ZE.................... Commonwealth immunity............................................... 228
Division 4—Secondary disclosure/use offences 229
296........................ Performance of person’s duties...................................... 229
297........................ Authorisation by or under law........................................ 229
299........................ Assisting the ACMA, the ACCC, the Telecommunications Industry Ombudsman or TUSMA 229
299A..................... Integrated public number database.................................. 230
300........................ Threat to person’s life or health...................................... 231
301........................ Communications for maritime purposes......................... 231
302........................ Business needs of other carriers or service providers..... 232
302A..................... Location dependent carriage services.............................. 232
303........................ Secondary offence—contravening this Division............. 233
303A..................... Generality of Division not limited................................... 233
Division 4A—Relationship with the Privacy Act 1988 234
303B...................... Acts taken to be authorised by this Act for purposes of Privacy Act 234
303C...................... Prosecution of an offence against this Part does not affect proceedings under the Privacy Act 1988 234
Division 5—Record‑keeping requirements 235
304........................ Associate........................................................................ 235
305........................ Authorisations under the Telecommunications (Interception and Access) Act 1979 235
306........................ Record of disclosures—general...................................... 235
306A..................... Record of disclosures—prospective authorisation under the Telecommunications (Interception and Access) Act 1979.......................................................................... 237
307........................ Incorrect records............................................................. 238
308........................ Annual reports to the ACMA by carriers, carriage service providers or number‑database operators 239
309........................ Monitoring by the Information Commissioner............... 239
Division 6—Instrument‑making powers not limited 241
310........................ Instrument‑making powers not limited........................... 241
Part 14—National interest matters 242
311........................ Simplified outline............................................................ 242
312........................ ACMA’s obligations...................................................... 242
313........................ Obligations of carriers and carriage service providers.... 243
314........................ Terms and conditions on which help is to be given........ 245
315........................ Suspension of supply of carriage service in an emergency 246
316........................ Generality of Part not limited.......................................... 248
Part 16—Defence requirements and disaster plans 249
Division 1—Introduction 249
333........................ Simplified outline............................................................ 249
334........................ Defence authority............................................................ 249
Division 2—Supply of carriage services 250
335........................ Requirement to supply carriage services for defence purposes or for the management of natural disasters........................................................................................ 250
Division 3—Defence planning 252
336........................ Definitions...................................................................... 252
337........................ Preparation of draft agreement........................................ 252
338........................ ACMA’s certification of draft agreement....................... 253
339........................ Requirement to enter into certified agreement................. 254
340........................ Compliance with agreement............................................ 254
341........................ Withdrawal of certification of agreement........................ 254
342........................ Duration of agreement.................................................... 255
343........................ Variation of agreement.................................................... 255
Division 4—Disaster plans 256
344........................ Designated disaster plans................................................ 256
345........................ Carrier licence conditions about designated disaster plans 256
346........................ Service provider determinations about designated disaster plans 256
346A..................... Carrier and carriage service provider immunity.............. 256
Division 5—Delegation 257
347........................ Delegation....................................................................... 257
Part 17—Pre‑selection in favour of carriage service providers 258
348........................ Simplified outline............................................................ 258
349........................ Requirement to provide pre‑selection.............................. 258
350........................ When pre‑selection is provided in favour of a carriage service provider 259
350A..................... Declared carriage services............................................... 261
351........................ Pre‑selection to be provided............................................ 261
352........................ Exemptions from requirement to provide pre‑selection... 262
353........................ Use of over‑ride dial codes............................................. 263
Part 18—Calling line identification 264
354........................ Simplified outline............................................................ 264
355........................ Calling line identification................................................ 264
356........................ Exemptions from calling line identification requirement. 264
Part 20—International aspects of activities of the telecommunications industry 266
Division 1—Simplified outline 266
364........................ Simplified outline............................................................ 266
Division 2—Compliance with international agreements 267
365........................ INTELSAT and Inmarsat—directions to Signatories..... 267
366........................ Compliance with conventions......................................... 267
Division 3—Rules of conduct about dealings with international telecommunications operators 269
367........................ Rules of conduct about dealings with international telecommunications operators 269
368........................ ACCC to administer Rules of Conduct........................... 271
369........................ Rules of Conduct to bind carriers and carriage service providers 271
370........................ Unenforceability of agreements...................................... 272
371........................ Investigations by the ACCC........................................... 272
372........................ Reviews of the operation of this Division....................... 273
Part 20A—Deployment of optical fibre etc. 274
Division 1—Simplified outline 274
372A..................... Simplified outline............................................................ 274
Division 2—Deployment of optical fibre lines 276
372B...................... Deployment of optical fibre lines to building lots........... 276
372C...................... Deployment of optical fibre lines to building units......... 278
372D..................... Exemptions—Ministerial instrument.............................. 280
Division 3—Installation of fibre‑ready facilities 281
Subdivision A—Installation obligations 281
372E...................... Installation of fibre‑ready facilities—building lots.......... 281
372F...................... Installation of fibre‑ready facilities—building units........ 282
Subdivision B—Sale of building lots and building units 284
372G..................... Sale of building lots and building units—subdivisions... 284
372H..................... Sale of building units—other projects............................. 286
Subdivision C—NBN Co may issue statement about the non‑installation of optical fibre lines 288
372J....................... NBN Co may issue statement about the non‑installation of optical fibre lines 288
372JA.................... Register of Statements about the Non‑installation of Optical Fibre Lines 288
Subdivision D—Exemptions 289
372K...................... Exemptions—Ministerial instrument.............................. 289
Division 4—Third party access regime 291
372L...................... Third party access regime............................................... 291
372M..................... Terms and conditions of access...................................... 293
372N..................... Exemptions—Ministerial instrument.............................. 293
372NA.................. Code relating to access.................................................... 294
Division 5—Exemption of certain projects 296
372P...................... Exemption of certain projects.......................................... 296
Division 6—Miscellaneous 297
372Q..................... Real estate development projects etc............................... 297
372R...................... Subdivision of an area of land........................................ 298
372S...................... Building units................................................................. 299
372T...................... Sale of building lots........................................................ 299
372U..................... Sale of building units...................................................... 299
372V..................... Fixed‑line facilities.......................................................... 300
372W..................... Fibre‑ready facility.......................................................... 300
372X..................... Installation of a facility.................................................... 301
372Y..................... Installation of a fibre‑ready facility in proximity to a building lot or building unit 301
372Z...................... Sewerage services, electricity or water supplied to a building lot or building unit 302
372ZA................... Supply to the public........................................................ 303
372ZB................... Concurrent operation of State and Territory laws........... 304
372ZD................... NBN Co......................................................................... 304
Part 21—Technical regulation 305
Division 1—Simplified outline 305
373........................ Simplified outline............................................................ 305
Division 2—Interpretative provisions 307
374........................ Part applies to networks or facilities in Australia operated by carriers or carriage service providers 307
375........................ Manager of network or facility....................................... 307
Division 3—Technical standards about customer equipment and customer cabling 308
376........................ ACMA’s power to make technical standards................. 308
376A..................... ACMA must make technical standards if directed by the Minister 310
377........................ Adoption of voluntary standards.................................... 310
378........................ Procedures for making technical standards..................... 310
379........................ Making technical standards in cases of urgency............. 311
Division 4—Disability standards 313
380........................ Disability standards........................................................ 313
381........................ Adoption of voluntary standards.................................... 314
382........................ Procedures for making disability standards.................... 314
383........................ Effect of compliance with disability standards................ 315
Division 5—Technical standards about the interconnection of facilities 316
384........................ ACMA’s power to make technical standards................. 316
385........................ Adoption of voluntary standards.................................... 317
386........................ Procedures for making technical standards..................... 317
387........................ Procedures for making technical standards..................... 318
388........................ Provision of access......................................................... 319
389........................ Promotion of the long‑term interests of end‑users of carriage services and of services supplied by means of carriage services.............................................................. 319
Division 5A—Technical standards relating to Layer 2 bitstream services 320
389A..................... ACMA’s power to determine technical standards.......... 320
389B...................... Compliance with technical standards.............................. 320
Division 6—Connection permits and connection rules 322
Subdivision A—Connection permits authorising the connection of non‑standard customer equipment and non‑standard cabling 322
390........................ Application for connection permit................................... 322
391........................ Form of application......................................................... 322
392........................ Application to be accompanied by charge....................... 323
393........................ Further information......................................................... 323
394........................ Issue of connection permits............................................ 323
395........................ Connection permit has effect subject to this Act............. 324
396........................ Nominees of holder........................................................ 324
397........................ Duration of connection permits....................................... 324
398........................ Conditions of connection permits................................... 325
399........................ Offence of contravening condition.................................. 325
400........................ Formal warnings—breach of condition.......................... 326
401........................ Surrender of connection permit....................................... 326
402........................ Cancellation of connection permit................................... 326
403........................ Register of connection permits........................................ 327
Subdivision B—Connection rules 327
404........................ Connection rules............................................................. 327
405........................ Procedures for making connection rules......................... 328
Division 7—Labelling of customer equipment and customer cabling 330
406........................ Application of labels....................................................... 330
406A..................... Application of Division to agent of manufacturer or importer 330
407........................ Labelling requirements.................................................... 330
408........................ Requirements to apply labels—ancillary matters............. 331
409........................ Recognised testing authorities and competent bodies...... 332
410........................ Certification bodies......................................................... 333
411........................ Connection of customer equipment or customer cabling—breach of section 376 standards 333
412........................ Connection of labelled customer equipment or customer cabling not to be refused 335
413........................ Supply of unlabelled customer equipment or unlabelled customer cabling 336
414........................ Applying labels before satisfying requirements under subsection 408(5) 337
415........................ Failure to retain records etc............................................. 338
416........................ Application of labels containing false statements about compliance with standards 338
Division 8—Protected symbols 340
417........................ Protected symbols........................................................... 340
Division 9—Cabling providers 344
418........................ Cabling work.................................................................. 344
419........................ Types of cabling work.................................................... 344
420........................ Prohibition of unauthorised cabling work....................... 344
421........................ Cabling provider rules.................................................... 345
422........................ Procedures for making cabling provider rules................ 346
423........................ Application for cabling licence........................................ 347
424........................ Form of application......................................................... 347
425........................ Application to be accompanied by charge....................... 347
426........................ Further information......................................................... 347
427........................ Grant of cabling licence.................................................. 347
428........................ Time limit on licence decision......................................... 348
429........................ Notification of refusal of application............................... 348
430........................ Cabling licence has effect subject to this Act.................. 348
431........................ Duration of cabling licence............................................. 349
432........................ Conditions of cabling licence.......................................... 349
433........................ Procedures for changing licence conditions.................... 350
434........................ Offence in relation to contravening condition................. 350
435........................ Formal warnings—breach of condition.......................... 351
436........................ Surrender of cabling licence............................................ 351
437........................ Suspension of cabling licence......................................... 351
438........................ Cancellation of cabling licence........................................ 352
439........................ ACMA may limit application of Division in relation to customer cabling 352
440........................ Ministerial directions...................................................... 353
441........................ Delegation....................................................................... 353
442........................ Register of cabling licences............................................. 354
Division 10—Remedies for unauthorised connections to telecommunications networks etc. 356
443........................ Civil action for unauthorised connections to telecommunications networks etc. 356
444........................ Remedy for contravention of labelling requirements....... 357
445........................ Remedies for connection of unlabelled customer equipment or unlabelled customer cabling 358
446........................ Disconnection of dangerous customer equipment or customer cabling 360
447........................ Disconnection of customer equipment or customer cabling—protection of the integrity of networks and facilities........................................................................... 362
448........................ Civil action for dangerous connections to telecommunications networks etc. 363
449........................ Other remedies not affected............................................ 364
Division 11—Prohibited customer equipment and prohibited customer cabling 365
450........................ Declaration of prohibited customer equipment or prohibited customer cabling 365
452........................ Operation of prohibited customer equipment or customer cabling 365
Division 12—Pre‑commencement labels 367
453........................ Pre‑commencement labels............................................... 367
Division 13—Penalties payable instead of prosecution 368
453A..................... Penalties payable instead of prosecution......................... 368
Part 22—Numbering of carriage services and regulation of electronic addressing 369
Division 1—Simplified outline 369
454........................ Simplified outline............................................................ 369
Division 2—Numbering of carriage services 370
Subdivision A—Numbering plan 370
455........................ Numbering plan.............................................................. 370
456........................ Numbering plan—supply to the public........................... 371
457........................ Numbering plan—allocation otherwise than in accordance with an allocation system 372
458........................ Numbering plan—rules about portability of allocated numbers 372
459........................ ACMA to administer numbering plan............................ 373
460........................ Consultation about numbering plan................................ 373
461........................ Consultation with ACCC................................................ 374
462........................ Compliance with the numbering plan.............................. 374
Subdivision B—Allocation system for numbers 376
463........................ Allocation system for numbers....................................... 376
464........................ Consultation about an allocation system......................... 377
Subdivision C—Miscellaneous 377
465........................ Register of allocated numbers......................................... 377
466........................ Emergency service numbers........................................... 379
467........................ Delegation....................................................................... 380
468........................ Collection of numbering charges.................................... 380
469........................ Collection of charges on behalf of the Commonwealth... 382
470........................ Cancellation of certain exemptions from charge.............. 382
471........................ Commonwealth not liable to charge................................ 383
472........................ Integrated public number database.................................. 384
473........................ Letters and symbols taken to be numbers....................... 384
Division 3—Regulation of electronic addressing 385
474........................ Declared manager of electronic addressing..................... 385
475........................ ACMA may give directions to declared manager of electronic addressing 385
476........................ ACCC may give directions to declared manager of electronic addressing 386
477........................ ACCC’s directions to prevail over the ACMA’s directions 387
Part 23—Standard agreements for the supply of carriage services 388
478........................ Simplified outline............................................................ 388
479........................ Standard terms and conditions apply unless excluded.... 388
482........................ Concurrent operation of State/Territory laws.................. 389
483........................ Competition and Consumer Act not affected by this Part 390
Part 24—Carriers’ powers and immunities 391
484........................ Schedule 3...................................................................... 391
Part 24A—Submarine cables 392
484A..................... Schedule 3A................................................................... 392
Part 25—Public inquiries 393
Division 1—Simplified outline 393
485........................ Simplified outline............................................................ 393
Division 2—Inquiries by the ACMA 394
486........................ When inquiry must be held............................................. 394
487........................ When inquiry may be held.............................................. 394
488........................ Informing the public about an inquiry............................. 395
489........................ Discussion paper............................................................ 395
490........................ Written submissions and protection from civil actions.... 396
491........................ Hearings......................................................................... 396
492........................ Hearing to be in public except in exceptional cases......... 397
493........................ Confidential material not to be published........................ 398
494........................ Direction about private hearings..................................... 399
495........................ Reports on inquiries........................................................ 400
Division 3—Inquiries by the ACCC 401
496........................ When inquiry must be held............................................. 401
497........................ When inquiry may be held.............................................. 401
498........................ Informing the public about an inquiry............................. 401
499........................ Discussion paper............................................................ 402
500........................ Written submissions and protection from civil actions.... 402
501........................ Hearings......................................................................... 403
502........................ Hearing to be in public except in exceptional cases......... 403
503........................ Confidential material not to be published........................ 404
504........................ Direction about private hearings..................................... 405
505........................ Reports on inquiries........................................................ 406
505A..................... ACCC may use material presented to a previous public inquiry 406
505B...................... ACCC may adopt a finding from a previous public inquiry 407
506........................ ACCC’s other powers not limited.................................. 408
Part 26—Investigations 409
507........................ Simplified outline............................................................ 409
508........................ Matters to which this Part applies................................... 409
509........................ Complaints to the ACMA............................................... 410
510........................ Investigations by the ACMA.......................................... 412
511........................ Preliminary inquiries....................................................... 413
512........................ Conduct of investigations............................................... 413
513........................ Complainant and certain other persons to be informed of various matters 414
514........................ Reference of matters to Ombudsman or other responsible person 415
515........................ Reference of matters to the ACCC.................................. 416
515A..................... Reference of matters to Information Commissioner........ 417
516........................ Reports on investigations................................................ 419
517........................ Publication of reports...................................................... 419
518........................ Person adversely affected by report to be given opportunity to comment 420
519........................ Protection from civil actions........................................... 420
Part 27—The ACMA’s information‑gathering powers 422
Division 1—Simplified outline 422
520........................ Simplified outline............................................................ 422
Division 2—Information‑gathering powers 423
521........................ The ACMA may obtain information and documents from carriers and service providers 423
522........................ The ACMA may obtain information and documents from other persons 424
523........................ Copying documents—reasonable compensation............. 426
524........................ Self‑incrimination........................................................... 426
525........................ Giving false or misleading information or evidence........ 427
527........................ Copies of documents...................................................... 427
528........................ ACMA may retain documents........................................ 427
Division 3—Record‑keeping rules 428
529........................ ACMA may make record‑keeping rules......................... 428
530........................ Compliance with record‑keeping rules............................ 429
531........................ Incorrect records............................................................. 429
Part 28—Enforcement 430
Division 1—Introduction 430
532........................ Simplified outline............................................................ 430
532A..................... References to the Spam Act 2003.................................... 431
Division 2—Inspectors and identity cards 432
533........................ Inspectors....................................................................... 432
534........................ Identity cards.................................................................. 433
Division 3—Search warrants relating to breaches of the Spam Act 2003 or Part 21 of this Act 434
535........................ Magistrate may issue warrant......................................... 434
536........................ Reasonable grounds for issuing warrant etc................... 434
537........................ Contents of warrant........................................................ 435
538........................ Warrants may be issued by telephone etc........................ 435
539........................ Provisions relating to issue of warrant by telephone etc. 435
540........................ Proceedings involving warrant issued by telephone etc.. 437
Division 4—Searches and seizures relating to breaches of the Spam Act 2003 or Part 21 of this Act 438
541........................ When is a thing connected with an offence?................... 438
541A..................... When is a thing connected with a breach of the Spam Act 2003? 438
542........................ Searches and seizures..................................................... 438
543........................ Production of identity card etc........................................ 439
544........................ Evidence of commission of other offences against Part 21 of this Act or other breaches of the Spam Act 2003........................................................................................ 440
545........................ Emergency entry, search and seizure.............................. 441
546........................ Retention of things seized............................................... 442
Division 5—Searches to monitor compliance with Part 21 443
547........................ Searches to monitor compliance with Part 21................. 443
Division 5A—Searches to monitor compliance with the Spam Act 2003 444
547A..................... Powers available to inspectors for monitoring compliance 444
547B...................... Monitoring powers......................................................... 444
547C...................... Production of identity card etc........................................ 446
547D..................... Monitoring warrants....................................................... 446
547E...................... Details of warrant to be given to occupier etc................. 448
547F...................... Announcement before entry............................................ 448
547G..................... Compensation for damage to equipment......................... 448
547H..................... Occupier entitled to be present during search.................. 449
Division 5B—Access to computer data that is relevant to the Spam Act 2003 451
547J....................... Access to computer data that is relevant to the Spam Act 2003 451
Division 6—Other powers of inspectors 453
548........................ General powers of inspectors......................................... 453
549........................ Power to require information etc..................................... 454
550........................ Retention of documents.................................................. 456
Division 7—Forfeiture 457
551........................ Court may order forfeiture.............................................. 457
552........................ Forfeited goods may be sold........................................... 457
Division 8—Future offences 458
553........................ Offences that are going to be committed......................... 458
Part 29—Review of decisions 459
554........................ Simplified outline............................................................ 459
555........................ Decisions that may be subject to reconsideration by the ACMA 459
556........................ Deadlines for reaching certain decisions......................... 459
557........................ Statements to accompany notification of decisions......... 460
558........................ Applications for reconsideration of decisions................. 460
559........................ Reconsideration by the ACMA...................................... 461
560........................ Deadlines for reconsiderations........................................ 461
561........................ Statements to accompany notification of decisions on reconsideration 461
562........................ Review by the Administrative Appeals Tribunal............ 462
Part 30—Injunctions 463
563........................ Simplified outline............................................................ 463
564........................ Injunctions...................................................................... 463
565........................ Interim injunctions.......................................................... 466
566........................ Discharge etc. of injunctions........................................... 467
567........................ Certain limits on granting injunctions not to apply.......... 467
568........................ Other powers of the court unaffected.............................. 468
Part 31—Civil penalties 469
569........................ Simplified outline............................................................ 469
570........................ Pecuniary penalties for contravention of civil penalty provisions 469
571........................ Civil action for recovery of pecuniary penalties.............. 471
572........................ Criminal proceedings not to be brought for contravention of civil penalty provisions 473
Part 31A—Enforceable undertakings 474
572A..................... Simplified outline............................................................ 474
572B...................... Acceptance of undertakings............................................ 474
572C...................... Enforcement of undertakings.......................................... 475
Part 31B—Infringement notices for contraventions of civil penalty provisions 476
572D..................... Simplified outline............................................................ 476
572E...................... When an infringement notice can be given...................... 476
572F...................... Matters to be included in an infringement notice............. 480
572G..................... Amount of penalty.......................................................... 481
572H..................... Withdrawal of an infringement notice............................. 481
572J....................... What happens if the penalty is paid................................. 482
572K...................... Effect of this Part on civil proceedings........................... 482
572L...................... Appointment of authorised infringement notice officer... 483
572M..................... Guidelines relating to infringement notices..................... 483
572N..................... Regulations..................................................................... 484
Part 32—Vicarious liability 485
573........................ Simplified outline............................................................ 485
574........................ Proceedings under this Act............................................. 485
574A..................... Definition........................................................................ 485
575........................ Liability of corporations.................................................. 486
576........................ Liability of persons other than corporations.................... 487
Part 33—Voluntary undertakings given by Telstra 489
Division 1—Introduction 489
577........................ Simplified outline............................................................ 489
Division 2—Structural separation 490
Subdivision A—Undertaking about structural separation 490
577A..................... Acceptance of undertaking about structural separation... 490
577AA.................. Acceptance of undertaking about structural separation may be subject to the occurrence of events 495
577AB................... When undertaking about structural separation comes into force 497
577AC................... Publication requirements for undertaking about structural separation 498
577AD.................. Compliance with undertaking about structural separation 498
577B...................... Variation of undertaking about structural separation....... 498
577BA................... Authorised conduct—subsection 51(1) of the Competition and Consumer Act 2010 500
Subdivision B—Migration plan 507
577BB................... Migration plan principles................................................ 507
577BC................... Migration plan................................................................ 508
577BD................... Approval of draft migration plan by the ACCC—plan given after undertaking about structural separation comes into force.............................................................. 510
577BDA................ Approval of draft migration plan by the ACCC—plan given before undertaking about structural separation comes into force.............................................................. 511
577BDB................ Approval of draft migration plan by the ACCC—plan given in compliance with a direction 513
577BDC................ Approval of draft migration plan by the ACCC—plan given in response to a request 514
577BE................... Effect of approval of draft migration plan....................... 516
577BF................... Variation of final migration plan..................................... 517
Division 3—Hybrid fibre‑coaxial networks 519
577C...................... Acceptance of undertaking about hybrid fibre‑coaxial networks 519
577CA................... Acceptance of undertaking about hybrid fibre‑coaxial networks may be subject to the occurrence of events........................................................................................ 520
577CB................... When undertaking about hybrid fibre‑coaxial networks comes into force 522
577CC................... Publication requirements for undertaking about hybrid fibre‑coaxial networks 523
577CD................... Compliance with undertaking about hybrid fibre‑coaxial networks 523
577D..................... Variation of undertaking about hybrid fibre‑coaxial networks 523
Division 4—Subscription television broadcasting licences 525
577E...................... Acceptance of undertaking about subscription television broadcasting licences 525
577EA................... Acceptance of undertaking about subscription television broadcasting licences may be subject to the occurrence of events....................................................... 526
577EB................... When undertaking about subscription television broadcasting licences comes into force 528
577EC................... Publication requirements for undertaking about subscription television broadcasting licences 529
577ED................... Compliance with undertaking about subscription television broadcasting licences 529
577F...................... Variation of undertaking about subscription television broadcasting licences 530
Division 5—Enforcement of undertakings 532
577G..................... Enforcement of undertakings.......................................... 532
Division 6—Limits on allocation of spectrum licences etc. 534
577GA.................. Excluded spectrum regime.............................................. 534
577H..................... Designated part of the spectrum...................................... 534
577J....................... Limits on allocation of certain spectrum licences to Telstra 534
577K...................... Limits on use of certain spectrum licences by Telstra..... 537
577L...................... Limits on assignment of certain spectrum licences to Telstra etc. 538
Division 7—Other provisions 541
577M..................... Associate........................................................................ 541
577N..................... Control............................................................................ 542
577P...................... Control of a company..................................................... 542
577Q..................... When Telstra is in a position to exercise control of a network 542
Part 34—Special provisions relating to functions and powers of the ACMA and the Attorney‑General in respect of telecommunications 544
579........................ Simplified outline............................................................ 544
580........................ ACMA must have regard to conventions....................... 544
581........................ Power to give directions to carriers and service providers 545
Part 35—Miscellaneous 547
582........................ Simplified outline............................................................ 547
583........................ Penalties for certain continuing offences......................... 548
584........................ Procedure relating to certain continuing offences............ 549
585........................ Treatment of partnerships............................................... 549
586........................ Giving of documents to partnerships.............................. 550
587........................ Nomination of address for service of documents............ 551
588........................ Service of summons or process on foreign corporations—criminal proceedings 551
589........................ Instruments under this Act may provide for matters by reference to other instruments 552
590........................ Arbitration—acquisition of property............................... 554
591........................ Compensation—constitutional safety net........................ 554
592........................ Act not to affect performance of State or Territory functions 555
593........................ Funding of consumer representation, and of research, in relation to telecommunications 556
594........................ Regulations..................................................................... 557
Schedule 1—Standard carrier licence conditions 558
Part 1—Compliance with this Act 558
1............................ Compliance with this Act................................................ 558
Part 3—Access to supplementary facilities 559
16.......................... Simplified outline............................................................ 559
17.......................... Access to supplementary facilities.................................. 559
18.......................... Terms and conditions of access...................................... 561
19.......................... Ministerial pricing determinations................................... 562
Part 4—Access to network information 563
20.......................... Simplified outline............................................................ 563
21.......................... Access to network information....................................... 563
22.......................... Access to information in databases................................. 564
23.......................... Access to network planning information........................ 564
24.......................... Access to information about likely changes to network facilities—completion success rate of calls 565
25.......................... Access to quality of service information etc.................... 566
26.......................... Security procedures........................................................ 567
27.......................... Terms and conditions of compliance............................... 567
27A....................... Code relating to access to information............................ 568
28.......................... Ministerial pricing determinations................................... 568
29.......................... Consultation about reconfiguration etc............................ 569
29A....................... Code relating to consultation........................................... 570
Part 5—Access to telecommunications transmission towers and to underground facilities 571
30.......................... Simplified outline............................................................ 571
31.......................... Definitions...................................................................... 571
32.......................... Extended meaning of access........................................... 572
33.......................... Access to telecommunications transmission towers........ 572
34.......................... Access to sites of telecommunications transmission towers 574
35.......................... Access to eligible underground facilities......................... 577
36.......................... Terms and conditions of access...................................... 579
37.......................... Code relating to access.................................................... 580
38.......................... Industry co‑operation about sharing of sites and eligible underground facilities 581
39.......................... This Part does not limit Part 3 of this Schedule.............. 581
Part 6—Inspection of facilities etc. 582
40.......................... Simplified outline............................................................ 582
41.......................... Records relating to underground facilities....................... 582
42.......................... Regular inspection of facilities........................................ 583
43.......................... Prompt investigation of dangerous facilities................... 583
44.......................... Remedial action............................................................... 584
Part 7—Any‑to‑any connectivity 585
44A....................... Simplified outline............................................................ 585
45.......................... Definitions...................................................................... 585
46.......................... Carriers must obtain designated interconnection services from carriage service providers for the purpose of ensuring any‑to‑any connectivity.................................... 586
47.......................... Designated interconnection services............................... 587
Part 9—Functional separation of Telstra 589
Division 1—Introduction 589
68.......................... Simplified outline............................................................ 589
69.......................... Definitions...................................................................... 589
70.......................... Declared network services.............................................. 590
71.......................... Regulated services.......................................................... 590
72.......................... Notional contracts........................................................... 591
Division 2—Functional separation undertaking 592
73.......................... Contents of draft or final functional separation undertaking 592
74.......................... Functional separation principles...................................... 592
75.......................... Functional separation requirements determination.......... 594
76.......................... Draft functional separation undertaking to be given to Minister 599
77.......................... Approval of draft functional separation undertaking by Minister 601
78.......................... Time limit for making an approval decision.................... 603
79.......................... Effect of approval........................................................... 604
80.......................... Variation of final functional separation undertaking....... 604
81.......................... Publication of final functional separation undertaking.... 606
82.......................... Compliance with final functional separation undertaking 606
Part 10—Control and use by Telstra of certain spectrum licences 607
Division 1—Introduction 607
83.......................... Simplified outline............................................................ 607
Division 2—Control and use by Telstra of certain spectrum licences 608
84.......................... Control by Telstra of certain spectrum licences............... 608
85.......................... Use by Telstra of certain spectrum licences.................... 609
Division 3—Other provisions 611
86.......................... Associate........................................................................ 611
87.......................... Control............................................................................ 612
88.......................... When Telstra is in a position to exercise control of a spectrum licence 612
Schedule 2—Standard service provider rules 614
Part 1—Compliance with this Act 614
1............................ Compliance with this Act................................................ 614
Part 2—Operator services 615
2............................ Simplified outline............................................................ 615
3............................ Scope of Part.................................................................. 615
4............................ Operator services must be provided to end‑users of a standard telephone service 615
5............................ Access to end‑users of other carriage service providers. 615
Part 3—Directory assistance services 617
6............................ Simplified outline............................................................ 617
7............................ Directory assistance services must be provided to end‑users 617
8............................ Access by end‑users of other carriage service providers 617
Part 4—Integrated public number database 619
9............................ Simplified outline............................................................ 619
10.......................... Carriage service providers must give information to Telstra 619
11.......................... Carriage service providers must give information to another person or association 620
Part 5—Itemised billing 621
12.......................... Simplified outline............................................................ 621
13.......................... Itemised billing............................................................... 621
14.......................... Exemptions from itemised billing requirements.............. 623
15.......................... Details that are not to be specified in an itemised bill...... 623
Part 6—Priority assistance 624
16.......................... Simplified outline............................................................ 624
17.......................... Priority assistance industry code..................................... 624
18.......................... Compliance with the priority assistance industry code.... 625
19.......................... Information for prospective residential customers of a carriage service provider who does not offer priority assistance........................................................................ 625
20.......................... Requirements for Telstra................................................. 626
Schedule 3—Carriers’ powers and immunities 627
Part 1—General provisions 627
Division 1—Simplified outline and definitions 627
1............................ Simplified outline............................................................ 627
2............................ Definitions...................................................................... 629
3............................ Designated overhead line................................................ 632
4............................ Extension to a tower to be treated as the installation of a facility 632
Division 2—Inspection of land 633
5............................ Inspection of land........................................................... 633
Division 3—Installation of facilities 635
6............................ Installation of facilities.................................................... 635
Division 4—Maintenance of facilities 637
7............................ Maintenance of facilities................................................. 637
Division 5—Conditions relating to the carrying out of authorised activities 640
8............................ Carrier to do as little damage as practicable..................... 640
9............................ Carrier to restore land..................................................... 640
10.......................... Management of activities................................................ 640
11.......................... Agreements with public utilities...................................... 641
12.......................... Compliance with industry standards............................... 641
13.......................... Compliance with international agreements...................... 641
14.......................... Conditions specified in the regulations........................... 641
15.......................... Conditions specified in a Ministerial Code of Practice.... 642
16.......................... Conditions to which a facility installation permit is subject 642
17.......................... Notice to owner of land—general................................... 643
18.......................... Notice to owner of land—lopping of trees etc................ 644
19.......................... Notice to roads authorities, utilities etc............................ 646
20.......................... Roads etc. to remain open for passage............................ 647
Division 6—Facility installation permits 648
21.......................... Application for facility installation permit....................... 648
22.......................... Form of application......................................................... 648
23.......................... Application to be accompanied by charge....................... 648
24.......................... Withdrawal of application............................................... 648
25.......................... Issue of facility installation permit.................................. 648
26.......................... Deemed refusal of facility installation permit.................. 649
27.......................... Criteria for issue of facility installation permit................ 650
28.......................... Special provisions relating to environmental matters...... 657
29.......................... Consultation with the ACCC.......................................... 657
30.......................... Facility installation permit has effect subject to this Act.. 657
31.......................... Duration of facility installation permit............................. 658
32.......................... Conditions of facility installation permit......................... 658
33.......................... Surrender of facility installation permit........................... 658
34.......................... Cancellation of facility installation permit....................... 659
35.......................... Review of decisions by Administrative Appeals Tribunal 659
Division 7—Exemptions from State and Territory laws 660
36.......................... Activities not generally exempt from State and Territory laws 660
37.......................... Exemption from State and Territory laws....................... 660
38.......................... Concurrent operation of State and Territory laws........... 661
39.......................... Liability to taxation not affected...................................... 661
Division 8—Miscellaneous 662
41.......................... Guidelines....................................................................... 662
42.......................... Compensation................................................................. 662
43.......................... Power extends to carrier’s employees etc....................... 663
44.......................... State and Territory laws that discriminate against carriers and users of carriage services 663
45.......................... State and Territory laws may confer powers and immunities on carriers 665
46.......................... ACMA may limit tort liability in relation to the supply of certain carriage services 665
47.......................... Ownership of facilities.................................................... 666
48.......................... ACMA may inform the public about designated overhead lines, telecommunications transmission towers and underground facilities..................................................... 666
50.......................... Monitoring of progress in relation to placing facilities underground 667
51.......................... Removal of certain overhead lines.................................. 667
52.......................... Commonwealth laws not displaced................................. 670
53.......................... Subdivider to pay for necessary alterations..................... 670
54.......................... Service of notices............................................................ 671
Part 2—Transitional provisions 672
60.......................... Existing buildings, structures and facilities—application of State and Territory laws 672
61.......................... Existing buildings, structures and facilities—application of the common law 672
Part 3—Compensation for acquisition of property 673
62.......................... Compensation for acquisition of property....................... 673
63.......................... Application of this Part................................................... 674
Schedule 3A—Protection of submarine cables 675
Part 1—Preliminary 675
1............................ Simplified outline............................................................ 675
2............................ Definitions...................................................................... 675
2A......................... Extension to offshore areas............................................. 681
2B.......................... Submarine cable installed in a protection zone................ 681
Part 2—Protection zones 682
Division 1—Simplified outline 682
3............................ Simplified outline............................................................ 682
Division 2—Declaration of protection zones 683
Subdivision A—Declarations 683
4............................ ACMA may declare a protection zone............................ 683
5............................ Declaration on ACMA’s initiative or in response to request 683
6............................ Response to a request to declare a protection zone.......... 683
7............................ Decision not to declare a requested protection zone or to declare a different protection zone 684
8............................ Location of submarine cable to be specified in declaration 685
9............................ Area of a protection zone................................................ 685
10.......................... Prohibited activities......................................................... 686
11.......................... Restricted activities......................................................... 688
12.......................... Conditions...................................................................... 689
13.......................... When a declaration takes effect....................................... 689
14.......................... Duration of declaration................................................... 689
Subdivision B—Prerequisites to declaration of a protection zone 690
15.......................... ACMA to develop a proposal for a protection zone....... 690
16.......................... ACMA to refer proposal to advisory committee............. 690
17.......................... ACMA to publish proposal etc....................................... 691
17A....................... ACMA to publish summary of proposal........................ 691
18.......................... Cable must be a submarine cable of national significance 692
19.......................... Consultation with Environment Secretary....................... 692
20.......................... Matters the ACMA must have regard to......................... 693
21.......................... Environment and heritage considerations........................ 693
22.......................... Deadline for final decision about protection zone........... 694
Division 3—Varying or revoking a declaration of a protection zone 696
Subdivision A—Variation or revocation 696
23.......................... ACMA may vary or revoke a declaration of a protection zone 696
24.......................... Variation or revocation on ACMA’s initiative or in response to request 696
25.......................... ACMA to notify affected carrier of request to vary or revoke a declaration 696
26.......................... Response to a request to vary or revoke a declaration..... 696
27.......................... Decision not to vary or revoke a declaration after a request to do so 697
28.......................... When a variation or revocation takes effect..................... 698
29.......................... Protection zone as varied must not exceed permitted area 698
Subdivision B—Prerequisites to variation or revocation of declaration 698
30.......................... ACMA to develop a variation or revocation proposal.... 698
31.......................... ACMA to refer proposal to advisory committee............. 698
32.......................... ACMA to publish proposal etc....................................... 699
32A....................... ACMA to publish summary of proposal........................ 699
33.......................... Consultation with Environment Secretary....................... 700
34.......................... Matters the ACMA must have regard to......................... 701
35.......................... Deadline for final decision about varying or revoking a protection zone 701
Division 4—Offences in relation to a protection zone 702
Subdivision A—Damaging a submarine cable 702
36.......................... Damaging a submarine cable.......................................... 702
37.......................... Negligently damaging a submarine cable........................ 702
38.......................... Defence to offences of damaging a submarine cable....... 702
39.......................... Master or owner of ship used in offence of damaging a submarine cable 703
Subdivision B—Engaging in prohibited or restricted activities 703
40.......................... Engaging in prohibited or restricted activities................. 703
41.......................... Aggravated offence of engaging in prohibited or restricted activities 704
42.......................... Defences to offences of engaging in prohibited or restricted activities 704
43.......................... Alternative verdict if aggravated offence not proven....... 705
44.......................... Master or owner of ship used in offence of engaging in prohibited or restricted activities 705
Subdivision C—Foreign nationals and foreign ships 706
44A....................... Foreign nationals and foreign ships................................ 706
Division 5—Miscellaneous 708
45.......................... Person may claim damages............................................. 708
46.......................... Indemnity for loss of anchor etc..................................... 708
47.......................... ACMA to notify relevant authorities of declaration, variation etc. of protection zone 709
48.......................... Notice if carrier decommissions a submarine cable......... 710
49.......................... Composition of advisory committee............................... 710
Part 3—Permits to install submarine cables 712
Division 1—Simplified outline 712
50.......................... Simplified outline............................................................ 712
Division 2—Protection zone installation permits 714
51.......................... Application for a protection zone installation permit....... 714
52.......................... Form of application etc................................................... 714
53.......................... Application to be accompanied by charge....................... 715
54.......................... Withdrawal of application............................................... 715
54A....................... Notification of change of circumstances......................... 715
55.......................... Further information......................................................... 716
55A....................... Consultation.................................................................... 716
56.......................... Grant or refusal of permit............................................... 718
57.......................... Matters to which the ACMA must have regard in making a decision about a permit 719
57A....................... Refusal of permit—security............................................ 719
58.......................... Timing of decision on application................................... 720
58A....................... Conditions of permit....................................................... 721
59.......................... Duration of permit.......................................................... 723
60.......................... Surrender of permit......................................................... 723
61.......................... Extension of permit......................................................... 723
62.......................... Suspension or cancellation of permit.............................. 723
63.......................... Exemption from State and Territory laws....................... 724
Division 3—Non‑protection zone installation permits 725
64.......................... Application for a permit to install an international submarine cable in Australian waters (otherwise than in a protection zone or coastal waters)................................... 725
65.......................... Form of application etc................................................... 725
66.......................... Application to be accompanied by charge....................... 725
67.......................... Withdrawal of application............................................... 726
67A....................... Notification of change of circumstances......................... 726
68.......................... Further information......................................................... 726
69.......................... Grant or refusal of permit............................................... 727
70.......................... Consultation.................................................................... 727
71.......................... Matters to which the ACMA must have regard in making a decision about a permit 729
72A....................... Refusal of permit—security............................................ 729
73.......................... Timing of decision on application................................... 730
73A....................... Conditions of permit....................................................... 732
74.......................... Duration of permit.......................................................... 733
75.......................... Surrender of permit......................................................... 733
76.......................... Extension of permit......................................................... 733
77.......................... Suspension or cancellation of permit.............................. 733
Division 4—Conditions applicable to the installation of submarine cables 735
78.......................... Application of this Division............................................ 735
79.......................... Installation to do as little damage as practicable.............. 735
80.......................... Management of installation activities.............................. 735
81.......................... Compliance with industry standards............................... 735
82.......................... Compliance with international agreements...................... 736
83.......................... Conditions specified in the regulations........................... 736
83A....................... Attorney‑General’s consent required for certain enforcement proceedings 736
Division 5—Offences in relation to installation of submarine cables 738
84.......................... Installing an international submarine cable without a permit 738
84A....................... Installing a domestic submarine cable without a permit.. 738
85.......................... Breaching conditions of a permit.................................... 739
86.......................... Failing to comply with ACMA direction to remove an unlawfully installed international submarine cable........................................................................................ 740
86A....................... Failing to comply with ACMA direction to remove an unlawfully installed domestic submarine cable 740
Part 4—Compensation 742
87.......................... Compensation................................................................. 742
88.......................... Compensation for acquisition of property....................... 742
Part 5—Miscellaneous 744
89.......................... Delegation by the Secretary of the Attorney‑General’s Department 744
Schedule 4—Reviewable decisions of the ACMA 745
Part 1—Decisions that may be subject to reconsideration by the ACMA 745
1............................ Reviewable decisions of the ACMA.............................. 745
Part 2—Decisions to which section 556 does not apply 749
2............................ Decisions to which section 556 does not apply.............. 749
Endnotes 750
Endnote 1—About the endnotes 750
Endnote 2—Abbreviation key 752
Endnote 3—Legislation history 753
Endnote 4—Amendment history 769
Endnote 5—Uncommenced amendments 816
Telecommunications Legislation Amendment (Competition and Consumer Safeguards) Act 2010 (No. 140, 2010) 816
Endnote 6—Modifications [none] 819
Endnote 7—Misdescribed amendments [none] 819
Endnote 8—Miscellaneous [none] 819
An Act about telecommunications, and for related purposes
Part 1—Introduction
1 Short title
This Act may be cited as the Telecommunications Act 1997.
2 Commencement
(1) The following provisions of this Act commence on the day on which this Act receives the Royal Assent:
(a) this Part;
(b) Part 2;
(c) Divisions 2, 3 and 4 of Part 4;
(d) Division 3 of Part 25;
(f) section 589;
(g) section 594.
(2) Sections 52 to 55 (inclusive) commence on 5 June 1997.
(3) The remaining provisions of this Act commence on 1 July 1997.
3 Objects
(1) The main object of this Act, when read together with Parts XIB and XIC of the Competition and Consumer Act 2010, is to provide a regulatory framework that promotes:
(a) the long‑term interests of end‑users of carriage services or of services provided by means of carriage services; and
(b) the efficiency and international competitiveness of the Australian telecommunications industry; and
(c) the availability of accessible and affordable carriage services that enhance the welfare of Australians.
(2) The other objects of this Act, when read together with Parts XIB and XIC of the Competition and Consumer Act 2010, are as follows:
(a) to ensure that standard telephone services and payphones are:
(i) reasonably accessible to all people in Australia on an equitable basis, wherever they reside or carry on business; and
(ii) are supplied as efficiently and economically as practicable; and
(iii) are supplied at performance standards that reasonably meet the social, industrial and commercial needs of the Australian community;
(c) to promote the supply of diverse and innovative carriage services and content services;
(d) to promote the development of an Australian telecommunications industry that is efficient, competitive and responsive to the needs of the Australian community;
(e) to promote the effective participation by all sectors of the Australian telecommunications industry in markets (whether in Australia or elsewhere);
(f) to promote:
(i) the development of the technical capabilities and skills of the Australian telecommunications industry; and
(ii) the development of the value‑adding and export‑oriented activities of the Australian telecommunications industry; and
(iii) research and development that contributes to the growth of the Australian telecommunications industry;
(g) to promote the equitable distribution of benefits from improvements in the efficiency and effectiveness of:
(i) the provision of telecommunications networks and facilities; and
(ii) the supply of carriage services;
(h) to provide appropriate community safeguards in relation to telecommunications activities and to regulate adequately participants in sections of the Australian telecommunications industry;
(i) to promote the placement of lines underground, taking into account economic and technical issues, where placing such lines underground is supported by the affected community;
(j) to promote responsible practices in relation to the sending of commercial electronic messages;
(k) to promote responsible practices in relation to the making of telemarketing calls;
(l) to promote responsible practices in relation to the sending of marketing faxes.
4 Regulatory policy
The Parliament intends that telecommunications be regulated in a manner that:
(a) promotes the greatest practicable use of industry self‑regulation; and
(b) does not impose undue financial and administrative burdens on participants in the Australian telecommunications industry;
but does not compromise the effectiveness of regulation in achieving the objects mentioned in section 3.
5 Simplified outline
The following is a simplified outline of this Act:
• This Act sets up a system for regulating telecommunications.
• The main entities regulated by this Act are carriers and service providers.
• A carrier is the holder of a carrier licence granted under this Act.
• The owner of a network unit that is used to supply carriage services to the public must hold a carrier licence unless responsibility for the unit is transferred from the owner to a carrier.
• There are 4 types of network unit:
(a) a single line link connecting distinct places in Australia, where the line link meets certain minimum distance requirements;
(b) multiple line links connecting distinct places in Australia, where the line links meet certain minimum distance requirements;
(c) a designated radiocommunications facility;
(d) a facility specified in a Ministerial determination.
• Carrier licences are subject to conditions.
• There are 2 types of service provider:
(a) a carriage service provider;
(b) a content service provider.
• A carriage service provider is a person who supplies, or proposes to supply, certain carriage services.
• A content service provider is a person who supplies, or proposes to supply, certain content services.
• Service providers must comply with the service provider rules.
• The Australian Communications and Media Authority (ACMA) is to monitor, and report each year to the Minister on, significant matters relating to the performance of carriers and carriage service providers.
• Bodies and associations that represent sections of the telecommunications industry, the e‑marketing industry, the telemarketing industry or the fax marketing industry may develop industry codes.
• Industry codes may be registered by the ACMA.
• Compliance with an industry code is voluntary unless the ACMA directs a particular participant in the telecommunications industry, the e‑marketing industry, the telemarketing industry or the fax marketing industry to comply with the code.
• The ACMA has a reserve power to make an industry standard if there are no industry codes or if an industry code is deficient.
• Compliance with industry standards is mandatory.
• Carriers and carriage service providers must protect the confidentiality of communications.
• The ACMA, carriers and carriage service providers must do their best to prevent telecommunications networks and facilities from being used to commit offences.
• Carriers and carriage service providers must ensure that it is possible to execute a warrant issued under the Telecommunications (Interception and Access) Act 1979.
• Carriage service providers may be required to supply carriage services for defence purposes or for the management of natural disasters.
• A carrier or carriage service provider may be required to enter into an agreement with the Commonwealth about:
(a) planning for network survivability; or
(b) operational requirements in times of crisis.
• The ACMA must require certain carriers and carriage service providers to provide pre‑selection in favour of carriage service providers.
• Carriers and carriage service providers may be required to comply with certain international conventions.
• The Minister may make Rules of Conduct about dealings with international telecommunications operators.
• Provision is made for the technical regulation of customer equipment, customer cabling and cabling work.
• The ACMA may regulate numbering by means of a numbering plan.
• Provision is made for standard agreements for the supply of carriage services.
• The ACMA and the ACCC may hold public inquiries about certain matters relating to telecommunications.
• The ACMA may investigate certain matters relating to telecommunications.
• Certain switching systems must be capable of providing calling line identification.
• Provision is made for the following ancillary matters:
(a) information‑gathering powers;
(b) powers of search, entry and seizure;
(c) review of decisions;
(d) injunctions.
6 Main index
The following is a main index to this Act:
| Main Index | | |
| Item | Topic | Provisions |
| | | |
| 2 | Calling line identification | Part 18 |
| 3 | Carriers’ powers and immunities | Part 24, Schedule 3 |
| 4 | Carrier licence conditions | Part 3, Schedule 1 |
| 5 | Carriers | Part 3 |
| 6 | Communications, protection of | Part 13 |
| 8 | Decisions, review of | Part 29, Schedule 4 |
| 9 | Defence requirements and disaster plans | Part 16 |
| 10 | Enforceable undertakings | Part 31A |
| 11 | Enforcement | Part 28 |
| 12 | Industry codes and industry standards | Part 6 |
| 13 | Information‑gathering powers | Part 27 |
| 14 | Injunctions | Part 30 |
| 15 | Inquiries, public | Part 25 |
| 16 | International aspects | Part 20 |
| 17 | Investigations | Part 26 |
| 19 | Liability, vicarious | Part 32 |
| 21 | National interest matters | Part 14 |
| 22 | Network units | Part 2 |
| 23 | Numbering and electronic addressing | Part 22 |
| 24 | Penalties, civil | Part 31 |
| 25 | Performance of carriers and carriage service providers, monitoring of | Part 5 |
| 26 | Pre‑selection | Part 17 |
| 28 | Service provider rules | Part 4, Schedule 2 |
| 29 | Service providers | Part 4 |
| 30 | Standard agreements for the supply of carriage services | Part 23 |
| 32 | Technical regulation | Part 21 |
| | | |
7 Definitions
In this Act, unless the contrary intention appears:
ACCC means the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission.
ACCC’s telecommunications functions and powers means the functions and powers conferred on the ACCC by or under:
(a) this Act; or
(b) the Telecommunications (Consumer Protection and Service Standards) Act 1999; or
(ba) the National Broadband Network Companies Act 2011; or
(c) Part XIB of the Competition and Consumer Act 2010; or
(d) Part XIC of the Competition and Consumer Act 2010; or
(e) any other provision of the Competition and Consumer Act 2010, in so far as that provision applies to a matter connected with telecommunications.
For this purpose, telecommunications means the carriage of communications by means of guided and/or unguided electromagnetic energy.
access, in relation to an emergency call service, has a meaning affected by section 18.
ACMA means the Australian Communications and Media Authority.
ACMA’s telecommunications functions means the functions that are telecommunications functions, in relation to the ACMA, for the purposes of the Australian Communications and Media Authority Act 2005.
ACMA’s telecommunications powers means the powers conferred on the ACMA by:
(a) this Act; or
(b) the Telecommunications (Consumer Protection and Service Standards) Act 1999; or
(baa) Part 6 of the Telecommunications Universal Service Management Agency Act 2012; or
(ba) Chapter 4 or 5 of the Telecommunications (Interception and Access) Act 1979; or
(c) the Spam Act 2003; or
(ca) the Do Not Call Register Act 2006; or
(d) Part XIC of the Competition and Consumer Act 2010; or
(e) section 12 of the Australian Communications and Media Authority Act 2005, in so far as that section relates to the ACMA’s telecommunications functions.
ACNC type of entity means an entity that meets the description of a type of entity in column 1 of the table in subsection 25‑5(5) of the Australian Charities and Not‑for‑profits Commission Act 2012.
aircraft includes a balloon.
Australia, when used in a geographical sense, includes the eligible Territories.
Australian number has the same meaning as in the Do Not Call Register Act 2006.
authorised infringement notice officer means:
(a) the Chair of the ACMA; or
(b) a member of the staff of the ACMA appointed under section 572L.
base station that is part of a terrestrial radiocommunications customer access network has the meaning given by section 34.
broadcasting service has the same meaning as in the Broadcasting Services Act 1992.
building lot has the meaning given by section 372Q.
building unit has the meaning given by section 372S.
cabling licence means a licence granted under section 427.
carriage service means a service for carrying communications by means of guided and/or unguided electromagnetic energy.
carriage service intermediary means a person who is a carriage service provider under subsection 87(5).
carriage service provider has the meaning given by section 87.
carrier means the holder of a carrier licence.
carrier licence means a licence granted under section 56.
carry includes transmit, switch and receive.
civil penalty provision means:
(a) a provision of this Act that is declared by this Act to be a civil penalty provision; or
(b) a provision of the Telecommunications (Consumer Protection and Service Standards) Act 1999 that is declared by that Act to be a civil penalty provision.
commercial electronic message has the same meaning as in the Spam Act 2003.
communications includes any communication:
(a) whether between persons and persons, things and things or persons and things; and
(b) whether in the form of speech, music or other sounds; and
(c) whether in the form of data; and
(d) whether in the form of text; and
(e) whether in the form of visual images (animated or otherwise); and
(f) whether in the form of signals; and
(g) whether in any other form; and
(h) whether in any combination of forms.
Communications Access Co‑ordinator has the meaning given by section 6R of the Telecommunications (Interception and Access) Act 1979.
connected, in relation to:
(a) a telecommunications network; or
(b) a facility; or
(c) customer cabling; or
(d) customer equipment;
includes connection otherwise than by means of physical contact, for example, a connection by means of radiocommunication.
connection permit means a permit issued under section 394.
constitutional corporation means a corporation to which paragraph 51(xx) of the Constitution applies.
content service has the meaning given by section 15.
content service provider has the meaning given by section 97.
controlled carriage service has the meaning given by section 14.
controlled facility has the meaning given by section 14.
controlled network has the meaning given by section 14.
customer cabling has the meaning given by section 20.
customer equipment has the meaning given by section 21.
data processing device means any article or material (for example, a disk) from which information is capable of being reproduced, with or without the aid of any other article or device.
Defence Department means the Department of State that deals with defence and that is administered by the Minister administering section 1 of the Defence Act 1903.
defence purposes means any one or more of the following:
(a) the operation of command or control systems;
(b) the operation, direction or use of a defence organisation;
(c) the operation of intelligence systems;
(d) the collection or dissemination of information relevant to the security or defence of:
(i) the Commonwealth; or
(ii) a foreign country that is allied or associated with the Commonwealth;
(e) the operation or control of weapons systems, including any thing that, by itself or together with any other thing or things, is intended for defensive or offensive use in combat;
(f) any other matter specified in the regulations.
designated part of the spectrum has the meaning given by section 577H.
designated radiocommunications facility has the meaning given by section 31.
directory assistance services means services that are:
(a) provided to an end‑user of a standard telephone service to help the end‑user find the number of another end‑user of a standard telephone service; and
(b) provided by an operator or by means of:
(i) an automated voice response system; or
(ii) another technology‑based system.
distinct places has the meaning given by section 36.
draft functional separation undertaking means a draft functional separation undertaking under Division 2 of Part 9 of Schedule 1.
draft migration plan means a draft migration plan under Subdivision B of Division 2 of Part 33.
eligible partnership means a partnership where each partner is a constitutional corporation.
eligible Territory means:
(a) the Territory of Christmas Island; or
(b) the Territory of Cocos (Keeling) Islands; or
(c) an external Territory prescribed for the purposes of section 10.
e‑marketing industry means an industry that involves carrying on an e‑marketing activity.
emergency call contractor means a person who performs services for or on behalf of a recognised person who operates an emergency call service, but does not include a person who performs such services in the capacity of an employee of the person who operates the emergency call service.
Note: Recognised person who operates an emergency call service is defined by section 19.
emergency call person means:
(a) a recognised person who operates an emergency call service; or
(b) an employee of such a person; or
(c) an emergency call contractor; or
(d) an employee of an emergency call contractor.
Note: Recognised person who operates an emergency call service is defined by section 19.
emergency call service means a service for:
(a) receiving and handling calls to an emergency service number; and
(b) transferring such calls to:
(i) a police force or service; or
(ii) a fire service; or
(iii) an ambulance service; or
(iv) a service specified in the numbering plan for the purposes of this subparagraph; or
(v) a service for despatching a force or service referred to in subparagraph (i), (ii), (iii) or (iv).
For the purposes of paragraph (b), transferring a call includes giving information in relation to the call for purposes connected with dealing with the matter or matters raised by the call.
emergency service number has the meaning given by section 466.
exempt network‑user means:
(a) a person:
(i) who is entitled to use a network unit to supply a carriage service; and
(ii) whose entitlement derives, directly or indirectly, from rights granted to a carrier; or
(b) if:
(i) a police force or service; or
(ii) a fire service; or
(iii) an ambulance service; or
(iv) an emergency service specified in the regulations;
(the first force or service) uses a network unit for the sole or principal purpose of enabling either or both of the following:
(v) communication between the members of the first force or service;
(vi) communication between the members of the first force or service and the members of another force or service, where the other force or service is of a kind covered by subparagraph (i), (ii), (iii) or (iv);
the first force or service.
For the purposes of paragraph (b), an employee of a force or service is taken to be a member of the force or service.
facility means:
(a) any part of the infrastructure of a telecommunications network; or
(b) any line, equipment, apparatus, tower, mast, antenna, tunnel, duct, hole, pit, pole or other structure or thing used, or for use, in or in connection with a telecommunications network.
fax marketing industry means an industry that involves carrying on a fax marketing activity (as defined by section 109C).
Federal Court means the Federal Court of Australia.
fibre‑ready facility has the meaning given by section 372W.
final functional separation undertaking means a final functional separation undertaking under Division 2 of Part 9 of Schedule 1.
final migration plan means a final migration plan under Subdivision B of Division 2 of Part 33.
Finance Minister means the Minister administering the Public Governance, Performance and Accountability Act 2013.
fixed‑line facility has the meaning given by section 372V.
fixed radiocommunications link has the meaning given by section 35.
hybrid fibre‑coaxial network means a telecommunications network:
(a) that is for use for the transmission of any broadcasting service; and
(b) that is also capable of being used to supply an internet carriage service; and
(c) the line component of which consists of optical fibre to connecting nodes, supplemented by coaxial cable connections from the nodes to the premises of end‑users.
immediate circle has the meaning given by section 23.
import means import into Australia.
industry levy means levy imposed by the Telecommunications (Industry Levy) Act 2012.
infringement notice means an infringement notice under section 572E.
inspector has the meaning given by section 533.
integrated public number database scheme means the scheme in force under section 295A.
intercell hand‑over functions has the meaning given by section 33.
internet carriage service means a carriage service that enables end‑users to access the internet.
internet service provider has the same meaning as in Schedule 5 to the Broadcasting Services Act 1992.
Layer 2 bitstream service means a carriage service that is:
(a) either:
(i) a Layer 2 Ethernet bitstream service; or
(ii) a Layer 2 bitstream service specified in a legislative instrument made by the ACMA for the purposes of this subparagraph; and
(b) a listed carriage service; and
(c) supplied using a line to premises occupied or used by an end‑user.
For this purpose, Layer 2 has the same meaning as in the Open System Interconnection (OSI) Reference Model for data exchange.
line means a wire, cable, optical fibre, tube, conduit, waveguide or other physical medium used, or for use, as a continuous artificial guide for or in connection with carrying communications by means of guided electromagnetic energy.
line link has the meaning given by section 30.
listed carriage service has the meaning given by section 16.
marketing fax means:
(a) a marketing fax (within the meaning of the Do Not Call Register Act 2006) that is sent to an Australian number; or
(b) a fax (within the meaning of the Do Not Call Register Act 2006) that is sent to an Australian number, where, having regard to:
(i) the content of the fax; and
(ii) the presentational aspects of the fax;
it would be concluded that the purpose, or one of the purposes, of the fax is:
(iii) to conduct opinion polling; or
(iv) to carry out standard questionnaire‑based research.
member means a member of the ACMA (and does not include an associate member).
NBN corporation has the same meaning as in the National Broadband Network Companies Act 2011. This definition does not apply to:
(a) section 577BA; or
(b) section 577BC; or
(c) clause 17 of Schedule 1; or
(d) Part 5 of Schedule 1.
network unit has the meaning given by Division 2 of Part 2.
nominated carrier means a carrier in respect of whom a nominated carrier declaration is in force.
nominated carrier declaration means a declaration under section 81.
numbering plan has the meaning given by section 455.
optical fibre line means a line that consists of, or encloses, optical fibre.
owner, in relation to a network unit, means a person who legally owns the unit (whether alone or together with one or more other persons).
person includes a partnership.
point‑to‑multipoint service means a carriage service which allows a person to transmit a communication to more than one end‑user simultaneously.
project area for a real estate development project has the meaning given by section 372Q.
public body means:
(a) the Commonwealth, a State or a Territory; or
(b) an authority, or institution, of the Commonwealth, a State or a Territory; or
(c) an incorporated company all the stock or shares in the capital of which is beneficially owned by one of the following:
(i) the Commonwealth;
(ii) a State;
(iii) a Territory; or
(d) an incorporated company limited by guarantee, where the interests and rights of the members in or in relation to the company are beneficially owned by one of the following:
(i) the Commonwealth;
(ii) a State;
(iii) a Territory.
public mobile telecommunications service has the meaning given by section 32.
radiocommunication has the same meaning as in the Radiocommunications Act 1992.
radiocommunications device has the same meaning as in the Radiocommunications Act 1992.
radiocommunications receiver has the same meaning as in the Radiocommunications Act 1992.
radiocommunications transmitter has the same meaning as in the Radiocommunications Act 1992.
real estate development project has the meaning given by section 372Q.
recognised person who operates an emergency call service has the meaning given by section 19.
recognised testing authority has the meaning given by section 409.
record‑keeping rule means a rule under section 529.
registered charity means an entity that is registered under the Australian Charities and Not‑for‑profits Commission Act 2012 as the type of entity mentioned in column 1 of item 1 of the table in subsection 25‑5(5) of that Act.
satellite‑based facility means a radiocommunications transmitter, or a radiocommunications receiver, in a satellite.
sell:
(a) when used in relation to a building lot—has the meaning given by section 372T; or
(b) when used in relation to a building unit—has the meaning given by section 372U.
service provider has the meaning given by section 86.
service provider rules has the meaning given by section 98.
spectrum has the same meaning as in the Radiocommunications Act 1992.
spectrum licence has the same meaning as in the Radiocommunications Act 1992.
standard questionnaire‑based research means research that involves people being asked to answer one or more standard questions, but does not include:
(a) opinion polling; or
(b) research of a kind specified in the regulations.
standard telephone service has the meaning given by section 6 of the Telecommunications (Consumer Protection and Service Standards) Act 1999.
subdivision of an area of land has a meaning affected by section 372R.
subscription television broadcasting licence has the same meaning as in the Broadcasting Services Act 1992.
telecommunications industry includes an industry that involves:
(a) carrying on business as a carrier; or
(b) carrying on business as a carriage service provider; or
(c) supplying goods or services for use in connection with the supply of a listed carriage service; or
(d) supplying a content service using a listed carriage service; or
(e) manufacturing or importing customer equipment or customer cabling; or
(f) installing, maintaining, operating or providing access to:
(i) a telecommunications network; or
(ii) a facility;
used to supply a listed carriage service.
Telecommunications Industry Ombudsman has the same meaning as in the Telecommunications (Consumer Protection and Service Standards) Act 1999.
Telecommunications Industry Ombudsman scheme has the same meaning as in the Telecommunications (Consumer Protection and Service Standards) Act 1999.
telecommunications network means a system, or series of systems, that carries, or is capable of carrying, communications by means of guided and/or unguided electromagnetic energy.
telemarketing call means:
(a) a telemarketing call (within the meaning of the Do Not Call Register Act 2006) that is made to an Australian number; or
(b) a voice call (within the meaning of the Do Not Call Register Act 2006) that is made to an Australian number, where, having regard to:
(i) the content of the call; and
(ii) the presentational aspects of the call;
it would be concluded that the purpose, or one of the purposes, of the call is:
(iii) to conduct opinion polling; or
(iv) to carry out standard questionnaire‑based research.
telemarketing industry means an industry that involves carrying on a telemarketing activity (as defined by section 109B).
Telstra has the same meaning as in the Telstra Corporation Act 1991.
this Act includes the regulations.
TUSMA means the Telecommunications Universal Service Management Agency.
universal service levy means levy imposed by the Telecommunications (Universal Service Levy) Act 1997.
universal service obligation has the same meaning as in the Telecommunications (Consumer Protection and Service Standards) Act 1999.
universal service provider has the same meaning as in the Telecommunications (Consumer Protection and Service Standards) Act 1999.
vessel means a vessel or boat of any description, and includes:
(a) an air‑cushion vehicle; and
(b) any floating structure.
8 Crown to be bound
(1) This Act binds the Crown in right of the Commonwealth, of each of the States, of the Australian Capital Territory, of the Northern Territory and of Norfolk Island.
(2) This Act does not make the Crown liable to a pecuniary penalty or to be prosecuted for an offence.
(3) The protection in subsection (2) does not apply to an authority of the Crown.
9 Extra‑territorial application
This Act applies both within and outside Australia.
10 Extension to external Territories
This Act extends to:
(a) the Territory of Christmas Island; and
(b) the Territory of Cocos (Keeling) Islands; and
(c) such other external Territories (if any) as are prescribed.
11 Extension to offshore areas
(1) This Act applies in relation to the offshore areas of:
(a) each of the States; and
(b) each of the eligible Territories;
as if references in this Act to Australia included references to those offshore areas. This subsection has effect subject to subsection (2).
(2) The application of this Act in accordance with subsection (1) in relation to an offshore area extends only in relation to acts, matters and things touching, concerning, arising out of or connected with:
(a) the exploration of the continental shelf of Australia; or
(b) the exploitation of the resources of the continental shelf of Australia.
(3) The application of this Act in accordance with subsection (1) in relation to an offshore area extends in relation to all acts done by or in relation to, and all matters, circumstances and things affecting, any person who is in the offshore area for a reason touching, concerning, arising out of or connected with:
(a) the exploration of the continental shelf of Australia; or
(b) the exploitation of the resources of the continental shelf of Australia.
(4) Subsection (3) does not, by implication, limit subsection (2).
(5) In this section:
offshore area, in relation to a State or Territory, has the same meaning as in the Offshore Petroleum and Greenhouse Gas Storage Act 2006.
11A Application of the Criminal Code
Chapter 2 of the Criminal Code (except Part 2.5) applies to all offences against this Act.
Note: Chapter 2 of the Criminal Code sets out the general principles of criminal responsibility.
12 Act subject to Radiocommunications Act
(1) This Act has effect subject to the Radiocommunications Act 1992.
(2) However, to avoid doubt, the fact that a person is authorised to do something under a licence under the Radiocommunications Act 1992 does not entitle the person to do that thing if the person is prohibited by or under this Act from doing it, unless a condition of the licence requires the person to do it.
13 Continuity of partnerships
For the purposes of this Act, a change in the composition of a partnership does not affect the continuity of the partnership.
14 Controlled carriage services, controlled networks and controlled facilities
Controlled carriage services
(1) For the purposes of this Act, if:
(a) a carrier or carriage service provider supplies, or proposes to supply, a carriage service; and
(b) the carriage service involves, or will involve, the use of a controlled network, or a controlled facility, of the carrier or of the provider, as the case may be;
the carriage service is a controlled carriage service of the carrier or the provider, as the case may be.
Controlled networks
(2) For the purposes of this Act, if:
(a) a carrier or carriage service provider operates a telecommunications network; and
(b) the network satisfies the geographical test set out in subsection (4);
the network is a controlled network of the carrier or the provider, as the case may be.
Controlled facilities
(3) For the purposes of this Act, if:
(a) a carrier or carriage service provider operates a facility; and
(b) the facility satisfies the geographical test set out in subsection (4);
the facility is a controlled facility of the carrier or provider, as the case may be.
Geographical test
(4) For the purposes of this section, a telecommunications network, or a facility, satisfies the geographical test if:
(a) the whole or any part of the network or facility, as the case requires, is, or will be, located in Australia; or
(b) all of the following conditions are satisfied:
(i) a person, or a group of persons, operates the network or the facility, as the case requires;
(ii) the person, or at least one of the members of the group, carries on, or will carry on, a telecommunications‑related business wholly or partly in Australia;
(iii) the network, or the facility, as the case requires, is used, or will be used, to supply a listed carriage service, or a service that is ancillary or incidental to such a service.
Definition
(5) In this section:
telecommunications‑related business means a business that consists of, or includes:
(a) supplying a carriage service; or
(b) supplying goods or services for use in connection with the supply of a carriage service; or
(c) supplying a content service; or
(d) installing, maintaining, operating or providing access to:
(i) a telecommunications network; or
(ii) a facility.
15 Content service
(1) For the purposes of this Act, a content service is:
(a) a broadcasting service; or
(b) an on‑line information service (for example, a dial‑up information service); or
(c) an on‑line entertainment service (for example, a video‑on‑demand service or an interactive computer game service); or
(d) any other on‑line service (for example, an education service provided by a State or Territory government); or
(e) a service of a kind specified in a determination made by the Minister for the purposes of this paragraph.
(2) The Minister may, by legislative instrument, make a determination for the purposes of paragraph (1)(e).
16 Listed carriage services
(1) For the purposes of this Act, the following carriage services are listed carriage services:
(a) a carriage service between a point in Australia and one or more other points in Australia;
(b) a carriage service between a point and one or more other points, where the first‑mentioned point is in Australia and at least one of the other points is outside Australia;
(c) a carriage service between a point and one or more other points, where the first‑mentioned point is outside Australia and at least one of the other points is in Australia.
(2) For the purposes of this section, a point includes a mobile or potentially mobile point, whether on land, underground, in the atmosphere, in outer space, underwater, at sea or anywhere else.
(3) For the purposes of this section, a point that is:
(a) in the atmosphere; and
(b) in or below the stratosphere; and
(c) above Australia;
is taken to be a point in Australia.
(4) For the purposes of this section, a point that is:
(a) on a satellite; and
(b) above the stratosphere;
is taken to be a point outside Australia.
18 Access to an emergency call service
For the purposes of this Act, a person is taken not to have access to an emergency call service unless, in the event that the person attempts to place a call to the relevant emergency service number, the call can be established and maintained.
19 Recognised person who operates an emergency call service
(1) A reference in this Act to a recognised person who operates an emergency call service is a reference to a person who:
(a) operates an emergency call service; and
(b) is specified, in a written determination made by the ACMA for the purposes of this paragraph, as:
(i) a national operator of emergency call services; or
(ii) a regional operator of emergency call services.
(2) A copy of a determination under paragraph (1)(b) is to be published in the Gazette.
(3) A person may be specified in a determination under paragraph (1)(b) even if the person does not operate an emergency call service at the time the determination is made.
(4) Subsection (3) is enacted for the avoidance of doubt.
20 Customer cabling
(1) For the purposes of this Act, customer cabling means a line that, under the regulations, is treated as customer cabling.
(2) Regulations made for the purposes of subsection (1) may deal with a matter by reference to the boundary of a telecommunications network.
Note: Boundary of a telecommunications network is defined by section 22.
(3) Subsection (2) does not, by implication, limit subsection (1).
(4) If no regulations are in force for the purposes of subsection (1), then, for the purposes of this Act, customer cabling means a line that is used, installed ready for use or intended for use on the customer side of the boundary of a telecommunications network.
Note: Boundary of a telecommunications network is defined by section 22.
21 Customer equipment
(1) For the purposes of this Act, customer equipment means:
(a) any equipment, apparatus, tower, mast, antenna or other structure or thing; or
(b) any system (whether software‑based or otherwise);
that:
(c) is used, installed ready for use or intended for use in connection with a carriage service; and
(d) under the regulations, is treated as customer equipment;
but does not include a line.
(2) Regulations made for the purposes of subsection (1) may deal with a matter by reference to the boundary of a telecommunications network.
Note: Boundary of a telecommunications network is defined by section 22.
(3) Subsection (2) does not, by implication, limit subsection (1).
(4) If no regulations are in force for the purposes of subsection (1), then, for the purposes of this Act, customer equipment means:
(a) any equipment, apparatus, tower, mast, antenna or other structure or thing that is used, installed ready for use or intended for use on the customer side of the boundary of a telecommunications network; or
(b) any system (whether software‑based or otherwise) that is used, installed ready for use or intended for use on the customer side of the boundary of a telecommunications network;
but does not include:
(c) a line; or
(d) equipment of a kind specified in regulations made for the purposes of this paragraph; or
(e) an apparatus, tower, mast, antenna or other structure or thing that is of a kind specified in regulations made for the purposes of this paragraph; or
(f) a system (whether software‑based or otherwise) that is of a kind specified in regulations made for the purposes of this paragraph.
Note : Boundary of a telecommunications network is defined by section 22.
22 Customer cabling and customer equipment—boundary of a telecommunications network
(1) For the purposes of sections 20, 21, 30, 372B, 372C and 372V, the boundary of a telecommunications network is to be ascertained in accordance with the regulations.
(2) Regulations made for the purposes of subsection (1) may deal with a matter by reference to any or all of the following:
(a) the terms of an agreement between 2 or more carriers, where the agreement is entered into for the purposes of those regulations;
(b) the terms of an agreement between 2 or more carriage service providers, where the agreement is entered into for the purposes of those regulations;
(c) the terms of an agreement between a carrier and a carriage service provider, where the agreement is entered into for the purposes of those regulations;
(d) the terms of an agreement between a carrier and a customer of the carrier, where the agreement is entered into for the purposes of those regulations;
(e) the terms of an agreement between a carriage service provider and a customer of the provider, where the agreement is entered into for the purposes of those regulations.
(3) Subsection (2) does not, by implication, limit subsection (1).
(4) If no regulations are in force for the purposes of subsection (1), then, for the purposes of sections 20, 21, 30, 372B, 372C and 372V, the boundary of a telecommunications network is:
(a) in a case where a telecommunications network is used to supply a carriage service to an end‑user in a building by means of a line that enters the building—the point agreed between the customer and the carrier or carriage service provider who operates the telecommunications network, or, failing agreement:
(i) if there is a main distribution frame in the building and the line is connected to the frame—the side of the frame nearest to the end‑user; or
(ii) if subparagraph (i) does not apply but the line is connected to a network termination device located in, on or within close proximity to, the building—the side of the device nearest to the end‑user; or
(iii) if neither subparagraph (i) nor (ii) applies but the line is connected to one or more sockets in the building—the side nearest to the end‑user of the first socket after the building entry point; or
(b) in a case where a telecommunications network is used to supply a carriage service to an end‑user by means of a satellite‑based facility that transmits to, or receives transmissions from, the point where the end user is located—the outer surface of the satellite‑based facility; or
(c) in a case where:
(i) a telecommunications network is used to supply a carriage service to an end‑user; and
(ii) paragraphs (a) and (b) do not apply;
the outer surface of the fixed facility nearest to the end‑user, where the facility is used, installed ready for use or intended for use to supply the carriage service.
(5) If, immediately before 1 July 1997, the boundary of a telecommunications network used to supply a standard telephone service to an end‑user in a building by means of a line that enters the building is the side of a main distribution frame, or a telephone socket, nearest to the end‑user, paragraph (4)(a) has effect, on and after 1 July 1997, as if the customer and the carrier or carriage service provider who operates the network had agreed to the boundary at that point.
(6) Subsection (5) does not prevent the customer and the carrier or carriage service provider agreeing to a boundary at a different point.
(7) For the purposes of subsection (4), the building entry point is the point at which a line that is used to provide a carriage service to an end‑user in a building meets the outer surface of that building, immediately before entering the building.
(8) In this section:
building includes a structure, a caravan and a mobile home.
23 Immediate circle
(1) For the purposes of this Act, a person’s immediate circle consists of the person, together with the following persons:
(a) if the person is an individual—an employee of the individual;
(b) if the person is a partnership—an employee of the partnership;
(c) if the person is a body corporate:
(i) an officer of the body corporate;
(ii) if another body corporate is related to the first‑mentioned body corporate (within the meaning of the Corporations Act 2001)—that other body corporate and an officer of that other body corporate;
(d) if the person is the Commonwealth:
(i) an authority or institution of the Commonwealth (other than an authority or institution that carries on a business as a core function) and a constituent member or an employee of such an authority or institution;
(ii) an officer or employee of the Commonwealth;
(iii) a member of the Australian Defence Force;
(iv) a member of the Australian Federal Police;
(v) a member of the Parliament and a member of the staff of a member of the Parliament;
(vi) a person who holds or performs the duties of an office under the Constitution or a law of the Commonwealth;
(e) if the person is a State:
(i) an authority or institution of the State (other than an authority or institution that carries on a business as a core function) and a constituent member or an employee of such an authority or institution;
(ii) an officer or employee of the State;
(iii) a member of the police force of the State;
(iv) a member of the Parliament of the State and a member of the staff of a member of the Parliament of the State;
(v) a person who holds or performs the duties of an office under a law of the State;
(f) if the person is a Territory:
(i) an authority or institution of the Territory (other than an authority or institution that carries on a business as a core function) and a constituent member or an employee of such an authority or institution;
(ii) an officer or employee of the Territory;
(iii) a member of the police force of the Territory;
(iv) a member of the Legislative Assembly of the Territory and a member of the staff of a member of the Legislative Assembly of the Territory;
(v) a person who holds or performs the duties of an office under a law of the Territory;
(g) if the person is an authority or institution of the Commonwealth (other than an authority or institution that carries on a business as a core function):
(i) a constituent member or an employee of the authority or institution;
(ii) the Commonwealth;
(iii) an officer or employee of the Commonwealth;
(iv) a member of the Australian Defence Force;
(v) a member of the Australian Federal Police;
(vi) a member of the Parliament and a member of the staff of a member of the Parliament;
(vii) a person who holds or performs the duties of an office under the Constitution or a law of the Commonwealth;
(viii) another authority or institution of the Commonwealth (other than an authority or institution that carries on a business as a core function) and a constituent member or an employee of the other authority or institution;
(h) if the person is an authority or institution of the Commonwealth, being an authority or institution that carries on a business as a core function—a constituent member or an employee of the authority or institution;
(i) if the person is an authority or institution of a State (other than an authority or institution that carries on a business as a core function):
(i) a constituent member or an employee of the authority or institution;
(ii) the State;
(iii) an officer or employee of the State;
(iv) a member of the police force of the State;
(v) a member of the Parliament of the State and a member of the staff of a member of the Parliament of the State;
(vi) a person who holds or performs the duties of an office under a law of the State;
(vii) another authority or institution of the State (other than an authority or institution that carries on a business as a core function) and a constituent member or an employee of the other authority or institution;
(j) if the person is an authority or institution of a State, being an authority or institution that carries on a business as a core function—a constituent member or an employee of the authority or institution;
(k) if the person is an authority or institution of a Territory (other than an authority or institution that carries on a business as a core function):
(i) a constituent member or an employee of the authority or institution;
(ii) the Territory;
(iii) an officer or employee of the Territory;
(iv) a member of the police force of the Territory;
(v) a member of the Legislative Assembly of the Territory and a member of the staff of a member of the Legislative Assembly of the Territory;
(vi) a person who holds or performs the duties of an office under a law of the Territory;
(vii) another authority or institution of the Territory (other than an authority or institution that carries on a business as a core function) and a constituent member or an employee of the other authority or institution;
(l) if the person is an authority or institution of a Territory, being an authority or institution that carries on a business as a core function—a constituent member or employee of the authority or institution;
(m) if the person is a tertiary education institution:
(i) a member of the governing body of the tertiary education institution;
(ii) an officer or employee of the tertiary education institution;
(iii) a student of the tertiary education institution;
(n) a person specified in a determination under subsection (2).
(2) The Minister may, by legislative instrument, make a determination specifying persons for the purposes of paragraph (1)(n).
(3) A determination under subsection (2) may be unconditional or subject to such conditions (if any) as are specified in the determination.
(4) Paragraphs (1)(a) to (m) (inclusive) do not, by implication, limit subsections (2) and (3).
(5) The Minister may, by legislative instrument, make a determination providing that a specified authority or specified institution is taken to carry on a business as a core function for the purposes of subsection (1).
(6) The Minister may, by legislative instrument, make a determination providing that a specified authority or specified institution is taken not to carry on a business as a core function for the purposes of subsection (1).
(7) A determination under subsection (2), (5) or (6) has effect accordingly.
(9) For the purposes of this section, a person who holds or performs the duties of the office of Administrator of the Northern Territory is taken to be an officer of that Territory.
(10) For the purposes of this section, the Australian Federal Police is taken to be the police force of the Australian Capital Territory.
(11) In this section:
core function, in relation to an authority or institution, means a function of the authority or institution other than a secondary or incidental function.
director includes a constituent member of a body corporate incorporated for a public purpose by a law of the Commonwealth, a State or a Territory.
executive officer, in relation to a body corporate, means a person, by whatever name called and whether or not a director of the body, who is concerned in, or takes part in, the management of the body.
officer, in relation to a body corporate, includes a director, secretary, executive officer or employee of the body.
tertiary education institution means:
(a) a higher education institution (within the meaning of the Student Assistance Act 1973); or
(b) a technical and further education institution (within the meaning of that Act).
24 Extended meaning of use
Unless the contrary intention appears, a reference in this Act to the use of a thing is a reference to the use of the thing either:
(a) in isolation; or
(b) in conjunction with one or more other things.
Part 2—Network units
Division 1—Simplified outline
25 Simplified outline
The following is a simplified outline of this Part:
• The object of this Part is to define the expression network unit.
• There are 4 types of network unit:
(a) a single line link connecting distinct places in Australia, where the line link meets certain minimum distance requirements;
(b) multiple line links connecting distinct places in Australia, where the line links meet certain minimum distance requirements;
(c) a designated radiocommunications facility;
(d) a facility specified in a Ministerial determination.
Division 2—Basic definition
26 Single line links connecting distinct places in Australia
(1) If:
(a) a line link connects distinct places in Australia; and
(b) the distinct places are at least the statutory distance apart;
the line link is a network unit.
(2) For the purposes of this section, the statutory distance is:
(a) 500 metres; or
(b) if a longer distance, not exceeding 50 kilometres, is specified in the regulations—that longer distance.
27 Multiple line links connecting distinct places in Australia
(1) If:
(a) the same person owns, or the same persons own, 2 or more line links; and
(b) each of those line links connects distinct places in Australia; and
(c) the aggregate of the distances between the distinct places is more than the statutory distance;
each of those line links is a network unit.
Note: Statutory distance is defined by subsection (3).
(2) If:
(a) the following conditions are satisfied in relation to 2 or more line links:
(i) the owners of the line links are bodies corporate;
(ii) the owners of the line links are all members of the same related company group; and
(b) each of those line links connects distinct places in Australia; and
(c) the aggregate of the distances between the distinct places is more than the statutory distance;
each of those line links is a network unit.
Note: Statutory distance is defined by subsection (3).
(3) For the purposes of this section, the statutory distance is:
(a) 5 kilometres; or
(b) if a longer distance, not exceeding 500 kilometres, is specified in the regulations—that longer distance.
(4) In this section:
owner means legal or beneficial owner, and own has a corresponding meaning.
related company group means a group of 2 or more bodies corporate, where each member of the group is related to each other member of the group.
(5) For the purposes of this section, the question whether a body corporate is related to another body corporate is to be determined in the same manner as that question is determined under the Corporations Act 2001.
28 Designated radiocommunications facility
(1) If a designated radiocommunications facility is used, or is for use, to supply a carriage service between a point in Australia and one or more other points in Australia, the facility is a network unit.
(2) It does not matter whether the supply involves:
(a) the use of a satellite; or
(b) the use of a line or other facility outside Australia.
(3) For the purposes of this section, a point includes a mobile or potentially mobile point, whether on land, underground, in the atmosphere, in outer space, underwater, at sea or anywhere else.
(4) For the purposes of this section, a point that is:
(a) in the atmosphere; and
(b) in or below the stratosphere; and
(c) above Australia;
is taken to be a point in Australia.
(5) For the purposes of this section, a point that is:
(a) on a satellite; and
(b) above the stratosphere;
is taken to be a point outside Australia.
29 Facilities specified in Ministerial determination
(1) The Minister may, by legislative instrument, determine that a specified facility is a network unit for the purposes of this Act.
(2) The determination has effect accordingly.
(4) To avoid doubt, nothing in the other provisions of this Part limits the power conferred by subsection (1).
Division 3—Related definitions
30 Line links
(1) A line constitutes a line link.
(2) If:
(a) a line is connected to another line; and
(b) the other line constitutes, or forms part of, a line link;
the first‑mentioned line, and the line link referred to in paragraph (b), together constitute a line link.
(3) Subsection (2) is recursive, that is, the reference in paragraph (2)(b) to a line link is a reference to something that is a line link because of any other application or applications of this section.
(4) For the purposes of subsection (2), a line is connected to another line if, and only if:
(a) the lines are connected to each other; or
(b) each of the lines is connected to the same facility (other than a line);
in such a way that a communication can be carried, by means of the 2 lines, or by means of facilities including the 2 lines, in the same way as if the 2 lines were a single line.
(4A) A line does not form part of any line link to the extent that the line is on the customer side of the boundary of a telecommunications network.
Note: Boundary of a telecommunications network is defined by section 22.
(5) A facility other than a line does not form part of any line link.
31 Designated radiocommunications facility
(1) A reference in this Act to a designated radiocommunications facility is a reference to:
(a) a base station used, or for use, to supply a public mobile telecommunications service; or
(b) a base station that is part of a terrestrial radiocommunications customer access network; or
(c) a fixed radiocommunications link; or
(d) a satellite‑based facility; or
(e) a radiocommunications transmitter of a kind specified in a determination under subsection (2); or
(f) a radiocommunications receiver of a kind specified in a determination under subsection (3);
but does not include a reference to:
(g) a base station of a kind declared under subsection (5) to be exempt from this section; or
(h) a fixed radiocommunications link of a kind declared under subsection (5) to be exempt from this section; or
(i) a satellite‑based facility of a kind declared under subsection (5) to be exempt from this section.
Note 1: Public mobile telecommunications service is defined by section 32.
Note 2: Base station that is part of a terrestrial radiocommunications customer access network is defined by section 34.
Note 3: Fixed radiocommunications link is defined by section 35.
Note 4: Satellite‑based facility is defined by section 7.
(2) The Minister may, by legislative instrument, make a determination for the purposes of paragraph (1)(e).
(3) The Minister may, by legislative instrument, make a determination for the purposes of paragraph (1)(f).
(5) The Minister may, by legislative instrument, make a declaration for the purposes of paragraph (1)(g), (h) or (i).
(7) To avoid doubt, nothing in the other provisions of this Part limits a power conferred by subsection (2), (3) or (5).
32 Public mobile telecommunications service
(1) For the purposes of this Act, if:
(a) an end‑user can use a carriage service while moving continuously between places; and
(b) the customer equipment used for or in relation to the supply of the service is not in physical contact with any part of the telecommunications network by means of which the service is supplied; and
(c) the service is supplied by use of a telecommunications network that has intercell hand‑over functions; and
(d) the service is not an exempt service (as defined by subsection (2), (3) or (4));
the service is a public mobile telecommunications service.
(2) For the purposes of this section, a carriage service is an exempt service if:
(a) the service is supplied by means of a telecommunications network (a primary network) that is connected to one or more line links or other facilities that, apart from this section, are eligible network units; and
(b) the principal function of the primary network is to supply carriage services between customer equipment connected to the primary network and other such equipment; and
(c) the supply of carriage services between such equipment and equipment connected to the network units is, at most, an ancillary function of the primary network; and
(d) despite the connection or connections referred to in paragraph (a), the primary network cannot be used in carrying a communication, as a single transaction, between equipment connected to the network units and other such equipment.
(3) For the purposes of this section, a carriage service is an exempt service if the service is:
(a) a one‑way only, store‑and‑forward communications service; or
(b) a service that performs the same functions as such a service.
(4) For the purposes of this section, a carriage service is an exempt service if all of the end‑users of the service are located at the same distinct place.
(5) In this section:
eligible network unit means a network unit:
(a) that is owned by one or more carriers; or
(b) in relation to which a nominated carrier declaration is in force.
33 Intercell hand‑over functions
(1) For the purposes of this Act, a telecommunications network is taken to have intercell hand‑over functions if, and only if:
(a) the facilities of the network include at least 2 base stations each of which transmits and receives signals to and from customer equipment (mobile equipment) that is:
(i) used for or in relation to the supply of an eligible mobile telecommunications service; and
(ii) located within a particular area (a cell); and
(b) the network includes the functions necessary to do the following while the network is carrying a communication made to or from particular mobile equipment:
(i) determine in which cell the equipment is located and cause the base station in that cell to transmit and receive signals to and from the equipment;
(ii) when the equipment moves from one cell to another, cause the base station in the one cell to stop, and the base station in the other cell to start, transmitting and receiving signals to and from the equipment.
(2) For the purposes of this section, a carriage service is an eligible mobile telecommunications service if:
(a) an end‑user can use it while moving continuously between places; and
(b) customer equipment used for or in relation to the supply of the service is not in physical contact with any part of the telecommunications network by means of which the service is supplied.
34 When a base station is part of a terrestrial radiocommunications customer access network
(1) For the purposes of this Act, a base station is part of a terrestrial radiocommunications customer access network if, and only if:
(a) the base station is part of a telecommunications network; and
(b) the base station is not an exempt base station (as defined by subsection (2)); and
(c) the base station is used, or for use, in connection with the supply of a carriage service; and
(d) customer equipment used for or in relation to the supply of the service is not in physical contact with any part of the telecommunications network by means of which the service is supplied; and
(e) the service is wholly or principally used, or wholly or principally for use, by each end‑user:
(i) at premises occupied or used by the end‑user; or
(ii) in the immediate vicinity of those premises; and
(f) the network does not have intercell hand‑over functions; and
(g) the conditions (if any) specified in the regulations are satisfied; and
(h) the network is not an exempt network (as defined by subsection (3)).
(2) For the purposes of paragraph (1)(b), a base station is an exempt base station if the sole use of the base station is use by a broadcaster to:
(a) supply broadcasting services to the public; or
(b) supply a secondary carriage service by means of the main carrier signal of a primary broadcasting service;
or both.
(3) For the purposes of paragraph (1)(h), a network is an exempt network if:
(a) the network is used, or for use, for the sole purpose of supplying carriage services on a non‑commercial basis; or
(b) the network is of a kind specified in the regulations.
(4) In this section:
broadcaster means:
(a) the Australian Broadcasting Corporation; or
(b) the Special Broadcasting Service Corporation; or
(c) the holder of a licence under the Broadcasting Services Act 1992; or
(d) a person who provides a broadcasting service under a class licence under the Broadcasting Services Act 1992.
35 Fixed radiocommunications link
(1) For the purposes of this Act, a fixed radiocommunications link is a facility, or a combination of facilities, where:
(a) the facility or combination is used, or for use, in connection with the supply of a carriage service between 2 or more fixed points by means of radiocommunication; and
(b) some or all of the communications carried by means of the facility or combination have the characteristic of double‑ended interconnection (as defined by subsection (3)); and
(c) the facility or combination does not consist of:
(i) one or more base stations that are part of a terrestrial radiocommunications customer access network; or
(ii) one or more base stations that would be part of such a network if paragraph 34(1)(h) had not been enacted.
(2) For the purposes of this section, a fixed point is a fixed point on:
(a) land; or
(b) a building or structure on land.
(3) For the purposes of this section, if:
(a) a communication is carried over a line link or other facility that, apart from this section, is an eligible network unit; and
(b) the communication is then carried (immediately or with a transmission delay of not longer than 30 seconds), by means of radiocommunication, between 2 or more fixed points; and
(c) the communication is then carried (immediately or with a transmission delay of not longer than 30 seconds) over another line link or other facility that, apart from this section, is an eligible network unit;
the communication referred to in paragraph (b) has the characteristic of double‑ended interconnection.
(4) In this section:
eligible network unit means a network unit:
(a) that is owned by one or more carriers; or
(b) in relation to which a nominated carrier declaration is in force.
Division 4—Distinct places
36 Distinct places—basic rules
(1) Places are distinct unless they are all in the same area because of subsection (2), (3) or (4).
(2) Places are in the same area if they are all situated in the same property as defined by section 37.
(3) Places are in the same area if they are situated in properties each of which forms part of a combined area as defined by section 38 and:
(a) the same person or persons is or are the principal user (as defined by section 39) of all the properties that together constitute that combined area; or
(b) because of a determination in force under section 40, that combined area is an eligible combined area for the purposes of this paragraph.
(4) Places are in the same area if they are all situated in the same eligible Territory.
(5) The later provisions of this Division have effect only for the purposes of this Division.
37 Properties
(1) An area of land is a property if:
(a) there is a single freehold or leasehold title in relation to that area (whether or not that title is registered under a law of a State or Territory relating to the registration of interests in land); and
(b) no part of that area is subject to a lease granted by the holder of that title; and
(c) the title to the area is defined by reference to geographical coordinates.
(2) If:
(a) there is a single freehold or leasehold title (as mentioned in paragraph (1)(a)) in relation to an area of land; and
(b) some but not all of that area is subject to a lease granted by the holder of that title;
then, an area of land:
(c) all of which is within the area referred to in paragraph (a) of this subsection; and
(d) none of which is subject to such a lease;
is a property unless it is only part of another such area.
(3) An area of land is not a property except as provided in this section.
(4) The regulations may prescribe the circumstances in which an area of land in relation to which there is a single freehold or leasehold title is not to constitute a property for the purposes of this Division.
(5) Despite paragraph (1)(c), the regulations may prescribe the circumstances in which an area of land, the title to which is defined otherwise than by reference to geographical coordinates, is a property.
(6) In this section:
land includes premises and a part of premises, but does not include unalienated Crown land.
lease includes sublease and leasehold title has a corresponding meaning.
38 Combined areas
(1) 2 contiguous properties form a combined area.
(2) If:
(a) a property is contiguous with another property; and
(b) the other property forms part of a combined area;
the first‑mentioned property, and the combined area referred to in paragraph (b), together form a combined area.
(3) Subsection (2) is recursive, that is, the reference in paragraph (2)(b) to a combined area is a reference to something that is a combined area because of any other application or applications of this section.
39 Principal user of a property
(1) The principal user of a property is the person who:
(a) occupies the property; or
(b) uses the property for the purpose that is the sole or principal purpose for which the property is used.
(2) However, if 2 or more persons:
(a) together occupy a property; or
(b) together use a property for the purpose that is the sole or principal purpose for which the property is used;
they are taken to together be the principal user of the property.
40 Eligible combined areas
The Minister may, by legislative instrument, determine that specified combined areas are eligible combined areas for the purposes of paragraph 36(3)(b).
Part 3—Carriers
Division 1—Simplified outline
41 Simplified outline
The following is a simplified outline of this Part:
• The owner of a network unit that is used to supply carriage services to the public must hold a carrier licence unless:
(a) a nominated carrier declaration is in force in relation to the network unit; or
(b) an exemption applies.
• Carrier licences are granted by the ACMA.
• The holder of a carrier licence is known as a carrier.
• If responsibility for a network unit is transferred from the owner of the unit to a carrier, the ACMA may make a nominated carrier declaration that declares the carrier to be the nominated carrier in relation to the unit.
• Carrier licences are subject to conditions.
Division 2—Prohibitions relating to carriers
42 Network unit not to be used without carrier licence or nominated carrier declaration
(1) If there is only one owner of a network unit, the owner of the network unit must not use the unit, either alone or jointly with one or more other persons, to supply a carriage service to the public, unless:
(a) the owner holds a carrier licence; or
(b) a nominated carrier declaration is in force in relation to the unit.
(2) If there is only one owner of a network unit, the owner of the network unit must not allow or permit another person to use the unit to supply a carriage service to the public unless:
(a) the owner holds a carrier licence; or
(b) a nominated carrier declaration is in force in relation to the unit.
(3) If there are 2 or more owners of a network unit, an owner of the network unit must not use the unit, either alone or jointly with one or more other persons, to supply a carriage service to the public, unless:
(a) the owner holds a carrier licence; or
(b) a nominated carrier declaration is in force in relation to the unit.
(4) If there are 2 or more owners of a network unit, an owner of the network unit must not, either alone or together with one or more other owners, allow or permit another person to use the unit to supply a carriage service to the public unless:
(a) the owner holds a carrier licence; or
(b) a nominated carrier declaration is in force in relation to the unit.
(5) A person who contravenes subsection (1), (2), (3) or (4) is guilty of an offence punishable on conviction by a fine not exceeding 20,000 penalty units.
Note: See also sections 4AA and 4B of the Crimes Act 1914.
43 Continuing offences
A person who contravenes section 42 is guilty of a separate offence in respect of each day (including a day of a conviction under this section or any later day) during which the contravention continues.
44 Supply to the public
(1) This section sets out the circumstances in which a network unit is taken, for the purposes of section 42, to be used to supply a carriage service to the public.
(2) If:
(a) there is only one owner of a network unit; and
(b) no nominated carrier declaration is in force in relation to the unit; and
(c) any of the following conditions is satisfied:
(i) the unit is used for the carriage of communications between 2 end‑users, where each end‑user is outside the immediate circle of the owner of the unit;
(ii) the unit is used to supply point‑to‑multipoint services to end‑users, where at least one end‑user is outside the immediate circle of the owner of the unit;
(iii) the unit is used to supply designated content services (other than point‑to‑multipoint services) to one or more end‑users, where at least one end‑user is outside the immediate circle of the owner of the unit;
the unit is used to supply a carriage service to the public.
(3) If:
(a) there are 2 or more owners of a network unit; and
(b) no nominated carrier declaration is in force in relation to the unit; and
(c) any of the following conditions is satisfied:
(i) the unit is used for the carriage of communications between 2 end‑users, where each end‑user is outside the overlap of the immediate circles of the owners of the unit;
(ii) the unit is used to supply point‑to‑multipoint services to end‑users, where at least one end‑user is outside the overlap of the immediate circles of the owners of the unit;
(iii) the unit is used to supply designated content services (other than point‑to‑multipoint services) to one or more end‑users, where at least one end‑user is outside the overlap of the immediate circles of the owners of the unit;
the unit is used to supply a carriage service to the public.
(4) If:
(a) a nominated carrier declaration is in force in relation to a network unit; and
(b) any of the following conditions is satisfied:
(i) the unit is used for the carriage of communications between 2 end‑users, where each end‑user is outside the immediate circle of the nominated carrier in relation to the unit;
(ii) the unit is used to supply point‑to‑multipoint services to end‑users, where at least one end‑user is outside the immediate circle of the nominated carrier in relation to the unit;
(iii) the unit is used to supply designated content services (other than point‑to‑multipoint services) to one or more end‑users, where at least one end‑user is outside the immediate circle of the nominated carrier in relation to the unit;
the unit is used to supply a carriage service to the public.
(5) For the purposes of this section, a person is outside the overlap of the immediate circles of the owners of a network unit unless the person is:
(a) within the immediate circles of each of the owners of the unit; or
(b) the owner, or one of the owners, of the unit.
(6) For the purposes of this section, a designated content service is a content service of a kind specified in a written determination made by the Minister.
(7) A determination under subsection (6) is a legislative instrument.
45 Exemption—defence
(1) If the sole use of a network unit is use by, or on behalf of, a defence organisation to carry communications necessary or desirable for defence purposes, section 42 does not apply to the unit.
(2) If:
(a) the principal use of a network unit is use by, or on behalf of, a defence organisation to carry communications necessary or desirable for defence purposes; and
(b) the remaining use of the unit is use by one or more carriers, or by one or more exempt network‑users, to supply carriage services and/or content services;
section 42 does not apply to the unit.
(3) In this section:
defence organisation means:
(a) the Defence Department; or
(b) the Australian Defence Force; or
(c) an organisation of a foreign country, so far as the organisation:
(i) has functions corresponding to functions of, or of a part of, the Defence Department or the Australian Defence Force; and
(ii) is authorised by the Commonwealth to operate or train in Australia or an external Territory; or
(d) a part of such an organisation or body.
46 Exemption—intelligence operations
Section 42 does not apply to a network unit that is used wholly or principally:
(a) by the Australian Secret Intelligence Service; or
(b) by the Australian Security Intelligence Organisation.
47 Exemption—transport authorities
(1) Section 42 does not apply to a network unit if the sole use of the unit is use by Airservices Australia to carry communications necessary or desirable for the workings of aviation services.
(3) Section 42 does not apply to a network unit if the sole use of the unit is use by a State or Territory transport authority to carry communications necessary or desirable for the workings of any or all of the following services:
(a) train services of a kind provided by the authority;
(b) bus or other road services of a kind provided by the authority;
(c) tram services of a kind provided by the authority.
(4) Section 42 does not apply to a network unit if the sole use of the unit is use by a rail corporation to carry communications necessary or desirable for the workings of train services.
(5) Section 42 does not apply to a network unit if:
(a) the principal use of the unit is use by Airservices Australia to carry communications necessary or desirable for the workings of aviation services; and
(b) the remaining use of the unit is use by one or more carriers, or by one or more exempt network‑users, to supply carriage services and/or content services.
(7) Section 42 does not apply to a network unit if:
(a) the principal use of the unit is use by a State or Territory transport authority to carry communications necessary or desirable for the workings of any or all of the following services:
(i) train services of a kind provided by the authority;
(ii) bus or other road services of a kind provided by the authority;
(iii) tram services of a kind provided by the authority; and
(b) the remaining use of the unit is use by one or more carriers, or by one or more exempt network‑users, to supply carriage services and/or content services.
(8) Section 42 does not apply to a network unit if:
(a) the principal use of the unit is use by a rail corporation to carry communications necessary or desirable for the workings of train services; and
(b) the remaining use of the unit is use by one or more carriers, or by one or more exempt network‑users, to supply carriage services and/or content services.
(9) In this section:
rail corporation means a body corporate that manages or operates either or both of the following:
(a) rail transport services;
(b) rail transport infrastructure.
48 Exemption—broadcasting services
(1) If :
(a) the sole use of a network unit is use to carry communications that are necessary or desirable for either or both of the following purposes:
(i) the supply of broadcasting services to the public;
(ii) the supply of a secondary carriage service by means of the main carrier signal of a primary broadcasting service; and
(b) the unit does not consist of, or include, a facility used to carry communications between:
(i) the head end of a cable transmission system; and
(ii) the equipment used by an end‑user to receive a broadcasting service; and
(c) the unit does not consist of a broadcasting transmitter transmitting a signal of a broadcasting service to its intended audience;
section 42 does not apply to the unit.
(2) If:
(a) the principal use of a network unit is use to carry communications that are necessary or desirable for either or both of the following purposes:
(i) the supply of broadcasting services to the public;
(ii) the supply of a secondary carriage service by means of the main carrier signal of a primary broadcasting service; and
(b) the unit does not consist of, or include, a facility used to carry communications between:
(i) the head end of a cable transmission system; and
(ii) the equipment used by an end‑user to receive a broadcasting service; and
(c) the unit does not consist of a broadcasting transmitter transmitting a signal of a broadcasting service to its intended audience; and
(d) the remaining use of the unit is use by one or more carriers, or by one or more exempt network‑users, to supply carriage services and/or content services;
section 42 does not apply to the unit.
(3) If the sole use of a line link is use for the purpose of a re‑transmission of a kind mentioned in paragraph 212(1)(a) or (b) of the Broadcasting Services Act 1992, section 42 of this Act does not apply to the line link.
(4) If:
(a) the principal use of a line link is use for the purpose of a re‑transmission of a kind mentioned in paragraph 212(1)(a) or (b) of the Broadcasting Services Act 1992; and
(b) the remaining use of the line link is use by one or more carriers, or by one or more exempt network‑users, to supply carriage services and/or content services;
section 42 of this Act does not apply to the line link.
(4A) For the purposes of this section, disregard subsection 212(3) of the Broadcasting Services Act 1992.
(5) In this section:
broadcasting transmitter means a radiocommunications transmitter used, or for use, to deliver a broadcasting service.
head end of a cable transmission system means a facility that:
(a) is connected to a line link; and
(b) is used, or for use, in connection with the delivery of a broadcasting service; and
(c) processes signals for delivery by the line link to end‑users having equipment appropriate for receiving the service.
49 Exemption—electricity supply bodies
(1) If the sole use of a network unit is use by an electricity supply body to carry communications necessary or desirable for:
(a) managing the generation, transmission, distribution or supply of electricity; or
(b) charging for the supply of electricity;
section 42 does not apply to the unit.
(2) If:
(a) the principal use of a network unit is use by an electricity supply body to carry communications necessary or desirable for:
(i) managing the generation, transmission, distribution or supply of electricity; or
(ii) charging for the supply of electricity; and
(b) the remaining use of the unit is use by one or more carriers, or by one or more exempt network‑users, to supply carriage services and/or content services;
section 42 does not apply to the unit.
(3) In this section:
electricity supply body means an authority, or a body corporate, that carries on a business, or performs a function, of:
(a) generating, transmitting, distributing or supplying electricity; or
(b) managing the generation, transmission, distribution or supply of electricity.
50 Exemption—line links authorised by or under previous laws
(1) If:
(a) a line link consists of facilities in relation to which an authorisation was in force under paragraph 13(1)(a) of the Telecommunications Act 1975 immediately before the repeal of that Act; and
(b) the sole use of the line link is use as provided in, and in accordance with any conditions specified in, the authorisation;
section 42 of this Act does not apply to the line link.
(2) If:
(a) a line link consists of facilities in relation to which an authorisation was in force under paragraph 13(1)(a) of the Telecommunications Act 1975 immediately before the repeal of that Act; and
(b) the principal use of the line link is use as provided in, and in accordance with any conditions specified in, the authorisation; and
(c) the remaining use of the line link is use by one or more carriers, or by one or more exempt network‑users, to supply carriage services and/or content services;
section 42 of this Act does not apply to the line link.
(3) If a line link consists of facilities that:
(a) were installed before the repeal of section 45 of the Telecommunications Act 1989; and
(b) immediately before that repeal, were permitted by that section to be maintained and operated;
section 42 of this Act does not apply to the line link.
(4) If:
(a) a line link consists of facilities in relation to which an authorisation was in force under section 46 of the Telecommunications Act 1989 immediately before the repeal of that Act; and
(b) the sole use of the line link is use as provided in, and in accordance with any conditions specified in, the authorisation;
section 42 of this Act does not apply to the line link.
(5) If:
(a) a line link consists of facilities in relation to which an authorisation was in force under section 46 of the Telecommunications Act 1989 immediately before the repeal of that Act; and
(b) the principal use of the line link is use as provided in, and in accordance with any conditions specified in, the authorisation; and
(c) the remaining use of the line link is use by one or more carriers, or by one or more exempt network‑users, to supply carriage services and/or content services;
section 42 of this Act does not apply to the line link.
(6) If:
(a) a line link consists of facilities in relation to which an authorisation was in force under section 108 of the Telecommunications Act 1991 immediately before the repeal of that Act; and
(b) the sole use of the line link is use as provided in, and in accordance with any conditions specified in, the authorisation;
section 42 of this Act does not apply to the line link.
(7) If:
(a) a line link consists of facilities in relation to which an authorisation was in force under section 108 of the Telecommunications Act 1991 immediately before the repeal of that Act; and
(b) the principal use of the line link is use as provided in, and in accordance with any conditions specified in, the authorisation; and
(c) the remaining use of the line link is use by one or more carriers, or by one or more exempt network‑users, to supply carriage services and/or content services;
section 42 of this Act does not apply to the line link.
51 Exemption—Ministerial determination
(1) The Minister may, by legislative instrument, determine that section 42 does not apply in relation to:
(a) a specified network unit; or
(b) a specified person; or
(c) a specified use of a network unit.
(2) A determination under this section may be unconditional or subject to such conditions (if any) as are specified in the determination.
(3) A determination under this section has effect accordingly.
Division 3—Carrier licences
52 Applications for carrier licence
A person may apply to the ACMA for a carrier licence, so long as the person is:
(a) a constitutional corporation; or
(b) an eligible partnership; or
(c) a public body.
53 Form of application etc.
An application must be:
(a) in writing; and
(b) in accordance with the form approved in writing by the ACMA.
53A Copy of application to be given to Communications Access Co‑ordinator
(1) The ACMA must give a copy of the application to the Communications Access Co‑ordinator.
(2) For the purposes of sections 56A and 59, the application is taken not to have been received by the ACMA until the copy is received by the Communications Access Co‑ordinator.
54 Application to be accompanied by charge
An application must be accompanied by the charge (if any) imposed on the application by Part 2 of the Telecommunications (Carrier Licence Charges) Act 1997.
55 Further information
(1) The ACMA may, within 20 business days after an application is made, request the applicant to give the ACMA, within the period specified in the request, further information about the application.
(2) The ACMA may refuse to consider the application until the applicant gives the ACMA the information.
(3) In this section:
business day means a day on which the ACMA is open for business in the Australian Capital Territory and in Victoria.
56 Grant of licence
(1) After considering an application, the ACMA may grant a carrier licence in accordance with the application.
(2) If the ACMA grants a carrier licence to a person, the ACMA must give the person a written notice stating that the licence has been granted.
(3) If the ACMA grants a carrier licence, the ACMA must cause to be published in the Gazette a notice stating that the licence has been granted.
56A Consultation with Communications Access Co‑ordinator
(1) The ACMA must not grant a carrier licence unless it has consulted the Communications Access Co‑ordinator about the licence application.
(2) Within 15 business days after the date on which the ACMA received the licence application, the Communications Access Co‑ordinator may give a written notice to the ACMA, stating that the Communications Access Co‑ordinator does not require any further consultation about the application. The notice cannot be revoked.
Note: Under section 53A, the application is treated as not being received by the ACMA until a copy has been received by the Communications Access Co‑ordinator.
(3) Within 15 business days after the date on which the ACMA received the licence application, the Communications Access Co‑ordinator may give a written notice to the ACMA:
(a) stating that, while the notice remains in force, the ACMA must not grant the carrier licence; and
(b) specifying the period during which the notice remains in force (unless earlier revoked), which period cannot end more than 3 months after the date of the notice.
However, the Communications Access Co‑ordinator cannot give such a notice if the Communications Access Co‑ordinator has earlier given a notice under subsection (2) in relation to the application.
(4) At any time while a notice is in force under subsection (3), or under this subsection, the Communications Access Co‑ordinator may give a further written notice to the ACMA:
(a) stating that, while the notice remains in force, the ACMA must not grant the carrier licence; and
(b) specifying the period during which the notice remains in force (unless earlier revoked), which period cannot end more than 3 months after the date of the notice or more than 12 months after the date of the notice under subsection (3).
(5) The Communications Access Co‑ordinator may, by notice in writing to the ACMA, revoke a notice under subsection (3) or (4).
(6) The Communications Access Co‑ordinator cannot issue a further notice under subsection (3) or (4) in respect of the application after it has revoked such a notice.
(7) The ACMA must give the applicant a copy of each notice that the ACMA receives from the Communications Access Co‑ordinator under subsection (3), (4) or (5).
(8) The ACMA must not grant the carrier licence while a notice is in force under subsection (3) or (4).
(9) In this section:
business day means a day on which the ACMA is open for business in the Australian Capital Territory and in Victoria.
57 Carrier licence has effect subject to this Act
(1) A carrier licence has effect subject to this Act.
(2) In this section:
this Act includes:
(a) the Telecommunications (Consumer Protection and Service Standards) Act 1999 and regulations under that Act; and
(b) Part 6 of the Telecommunications Universal Service Management Agency Act 2012.
58 Refusal of carrier licence—disqualified applicant
(1) The ACMA may refuse to grant a carrier licence to an applicant if, immediately before the ACMA makes its decision on the application, the applicant is disqualified.
When body corporate is disqualified
(2) For the purposes of this section, a body corporate is disqualified at a particular time (the test time) if:
(a) at any time before the test time, a carrier licence held by the body corporate was cancelled under subsection 72(1), (2) or (2A); or
(b) at any time before the test time, a carrier licence held by a partnership in which the body corporate was a partner was cancelled under subsection 72(1), (2) or (2A); or
(c) at the test time, any of the following individuals is disqualified:
(i) a director of the body corporate;
(ii) the secretary of the body corporate;
(iii) a person (by whatever name called and whether or not a director of the body corporate) who is concerned in, or takes part in, the management of the body corporate.
When individual is disqualified—failure to pay annual charge
(3) For the purposes of subsection (2), an individual is disqualified at a particular time (the test time) if:
(a) at any time before the test time, a carrier licence held by a body corporate or partnership was cancelled under subsection 72(1) because of a failure by the body corporate or partnership to pay in full the charge referred to in that subsection; and
(b) in the case of a body corporate—at the time when the charge referred to in subsection 72(1) was due and payable, the individual was:
(i) a director of the body corporate; or
(ii) the secretary of the body corporate; or
(iii) a person (by whatever name called and whether or not a director of the body corporate) who was concerned in, or took part in, the management of the body corporate; and
(c) in the case of a partnership—at the time when the charge referred to in subsection 72(1) was due and payable, the individual:
(i) was an employee of the partnership; and
(ii) was concerned in, or took part in, the management of the partnership; and
(d) the individual:
(i) aided, abetted, counselled or procured the failure of the body corporate or partnership; or
(ii) was in any way, by act or omission, directly or indirectly, knowingly concerned in, or party to, the failure of the body corporate or partnership.
When individual is disqualified—failure to pay universal service levy
(4) For the purposes of subsection (2), an individual is disqualified at a particular time (the test time) if:
(a) at any time before the test time, a carrier licence held by a body corporate or partnership was cancelled under subsection 72(2) because of a failure by the body corporate or partnership to pay in full the universal service levy referred to in that subsection; and
(b) in the case of a body corporate—at the time when the universal service levy referred to in subsection 72(2) was due and payable, the individual was:
(i) a director of the body corporate; or
(ii) the secretary of the body corporate; or
(iii) a person (by whatever name called and whether or not a director of the body corporate) who was concerned in, or took part in, the management of the body corporate; and
(c) in the case of a partnership—at the time when the universal service levy referred to in subsection 72(2) was due and payable, the individual:
(i) was an employee of the partnership; and
(ii) was concerned in, or took part in, the management of the partnership; and
(d) the individual:
(i) aided, abetted, counselled or procured the failure of the body corporate or partnership; or
(ii) was in any way, by act or omission, directly or indirectly, knowingly concerned in, or party to, the failure of the body corporate or partnership.
When individual is disqualified—failure to pay industry levy
(4A) For the purposes of subsection (2), an individual is disqualified at a particular time (the test time) if:
(a) at any time before the test time, a carrier licence held by a body corporate or partnership was cancelled under subsection 72(2A) because of a failure by the body corporate or partnership to pay in full the industry levy referred to in that subsection; and
(b) in the case of a body corporate—at the time when the industry levy referred to in subsection 72(2A) was due and payable, the individual was:
(i) a director of the body corporate; or
(ii) the secretary of the body corporate; or
(iii) a person (by whatever name called and whether or not a director of the body corporate) who was concerned in, or took part in, the management of the body corporate; and
(c) in the case of a partnership—at the time when the industry levy referred to in subsection 72(2A) was due and payable, the individual:
(i) was an employee of the partnership; and
(ii) was concerned in, or took part in, the management of the partnership; and
(d) the individual:
(i) aided, abetted, counselled or procured the failure of the body corporate or partnership; or
(ii) was in any way, by act or omission, directly or indirectly, knowingly concerned in, or party to, the failure of the body corporate or partnership.
When partnership is disqualified
(5) For the purposes of this section, a partnership is disqualified at a particular time (the test time) if:
(a) at any time before the test time, a carrier licence held by the partnership was cancelled under subsection 72(1), (2) or (2A); or
(b) at the test time, any of the partners is disqualified; or
(c) at the test time, an individual who:
(i) is an employee of the partnership; and
(ii) is concerned in, or takes part in, the management of the partnership;
is disqualified.
This section does not limit grounds for refusal to grant carrier licence
(6) This section does not, by implication, limit the grounds on which the ACMA may refuse to grant a carrier licence.
58A Refusal of carrier licence—security
(1) If the Attorney‑General, after consulting the Prime Minister and the Minister administering this Act, considers that the grant of a carrier licence to a particular person would be prejudicial to security, the Attorney‑General may give a written direction to the ACMA not to grant a carrier licence to the person.
(2) The ACMA must comply with a direction under subsection (1).
(3) While a direction is in force under this section:
(a) the ACMA cannot reconsider a non‑compulsory refusal to grant a carrier licence to the person; and
(b) the Administrative Appeals Tribunal cannot consider an application for review of a non‑compulsory refusal to grant a carrier licence to the person.
(4) If an application for a carrier licence is pending at the time when the Attorney‑General gives a direction to the ACMA under this section, then the application lapses.
Note: Section 73A provides for refund of the application charge.
(5) In this section:
non‑compulsory refusal means a refusal to grant a carrier licence, other than a refusal that is required by section 56A or this section.
security has the same meaning as in the Australian Security Intelligence Organisation Act 1979.
59 Time limit on licence decision
Deemed refusal of licence application if no decision by deadline
(1) If the ACMA neither grants, nor refuses to grant, a carrier licence before the end of the deadline day worked out under the following subsections, then the ACMA is taken, at the end of that day, to have refused to grant the licence.
Case 1: no section 55 request and no section 56A notice in force
(2) If:
(a) the ACMA did not give a section 55 request; and
(b) there is no section 56A notice in force at the end of the 20th business day after the application day;
then the deadline day is the 20th business day after the application day.
Case 2: no section 55 request but section 56A notice in force
(3) If:
(a) the ACMA did not give a section 55 request; and
(b) there is a section 56A notice in force at the end of the 20th business day after the application day;
then the deadline day is the fifth business day after the section 56A expiration day. For this purpose, the section 56A expiration day is the first day after the end of that 20th business day on which there is no notice in force under section 56A.
Case 3: section 55 request complied with and no section 56A notice in force
(4) If:
(a) the ACMA gave a section 55 request; and
(b) the request was complied with; and
(c) there is no section 56A notice in force at the end of the tenth business day after the day on which the request was complied with;
then the deadline day is the tenth business day after the day on which the request was complied with.
Case 4: section 55 request complied with and section 56A notice in force
(5) If:
(a) the ACMA gave a section 55 request; and
(b) the request was complied with; and
(c) there is a section 56A notice in force at the end of the tenth business day after the day on which the request was complied with;
then the deadline day is the fifth business day after the section 56A expiration day. For this purpose, the section 56A expiration day is the first day after the end of that tenth business day on which there is no notice in force under section 56A.
Case 5: section 55 request not complied with and no section 56A notice in force
(6) If:
(a) the ACMA gave a section 55 request; and
(b) the request was not complied with; and
(c) there is no section 56A notice in force at the end of the tenth business day after the day specified in the section 55 request;
then the deadline day is the tenth business day after the day specified in the section 55 request.
Case 6: section 55 request not complied with and section 56A notice in force
(7) If:
(a) the ACMA gave a section 55 request; and
(b) the request was not complied with; and
(c) there is a section 56A notice in force at the end of the tenth business day after the day specified in the section 55 request;
then the deadline day is the fifth business day after the section 56A expiration day. For this purpose, the section 56A expiration day is the first day after the end of that tenth business day on which there is no notice in force under section 56A.
(8) In this section:
application day means the day on which the ACMA received the licence application.
Note: Under section 53A, the application is treated as not being received by the ACMA until a copy has been received by the Communications Access Co‑ordinator.
business day means a day on which the ACMA is open for business in the Australian Capital Territory and in Victoria.
section 55 request means a request under section 55 in relation to the licence application.
section 56A notice means a notice under subsection 56A(3) or (4) in relation to the licence application.
60 Notification of refusal of application
If the ACMA refuses to grant a carrier licence, the ACMA must give written notice of the refusal to the applicant.
61 Conditions of carrier licence specified in Schedule 1
A carrier licence is subject to the conditions specified in Schedule 1.
62 Condition of carrier licence set out in section 152AZ of the Competition and Consumer Act 2010
A carrier licence is subject to the condition set out in section 152AZ of the Competition and Consumer Act 2010.
Note: Section 152AZ of the Competition and Consumer Act 2010 deals with standard access obligations.
62A Condition of carrier licence set out in section 152BCO of the Competition and Consumer Act 2010
A carrier licence is subject to the condition set out in section 152BCO of the Competition and Consumer Act 2010.
Note: Section 152BCO of the Competition and Consumer Act 2010 deals with access determinations.
62B Condition of carrier licence set out in section 152BDF of the Competition and Consumer Act 2010
A carrier licence is subject to the condition set out in section 152BDF of the Competition and Consumer Act 2010.
Note: Section 152BDF of the Competition and Consumer Act 2010 deals with binding rules of conduct.
62C Condition of carrier licence set out in section 152BEC of the Competition and Consumer Act 2010
A carrier licence is subject to the condition set out in section 152BEC of the Competition and Consumer Act 2010.
Note: Section 152BEC of the Competition and Consumer Act 2010 deals with access agreements.
62D Condition of carrier licence set out in section 152CJC of the Competition and Consumer Act 2010
A carrier licence held by an NBN corporation is subject to the condition set out in section 152CJC of the Competition and Consumer Act 2010.
Note: Section 152CJC of the Competition and Consumer Act 2010 deals with rules about the supply of services by NBN corporations.
62E Condition of carrier licence set out in section 37 of the National Broadband Network Companies Act 2011
A carrier licence held by an NBN corporation is subject to the condition set out in section 37 of the National Broadband Network Companies Act 2011.
Note: Section 37 of the National Broadband Network Companies Act 2011 deals with rules about:
(a) the supply of goods and services by NBN corporations; and
(b) the investment of money by NBN corporations; and
(c) the functional separation of NBN corporations; and
(d) the divestment of assets by NBN corporations.
63 Conditions of carrier licence declared by Minister
Conditions applying to each carrier licence
(1) The Minister may, by written instrument, declare that each carrier licence is subject to such conditions as are specified in the instrument.
Conditions applying to specified existing carrier licences
(2) The Minister may, by written instrument, declare that a specified carrier licence is subject to such conditions as are specified in the instrument.
Note: A licence may be specified by name, by inclusion in a specified class or in any other way.
Conditions applying to specified future carrier licences
(3) The Minister may, by written instrument, declare that, in the event that a carrier licence is granted to a specified person during a specified period, the carrier licence is subject to such conditions as are specified in the instrument.
Declarations have effect
(4) A declaration under this section has effect accordingly.
Variation of conditions
(5) The Minister may, by written instrument, vary an instrument under subsection (1), (2) or (3).
Revocation of conditions
(6) The Minister may, by written instrument, revoke an instrument under subsection (1), (2) or (3).
Notification of conditions—existing licences
(7) As soon as practicable after the Minister makes an instrument under subsection (1), (2), (5) or (6) that relates to a licence, the Minister must give the holder of the licence a copy of the instrument.
Notification of conditions—future licences
(8) As soon as practicable after the Minister makes an instrument under subsection (3) that relates to a licence, the Minister must give the applicant for the licence a copy of the instrument.
Validity not affected by failure to notify conditions
(9) A contravention of subsection (7) or (8) does not affect the validity of an instrument.
Gazettal
(10) A copy of an instrument under subsection (1), (2), (3), (5) or (6) is to be published in the Gazette.
Date of effect—existing licences
(11) An instrument under subsection (1), (2), (5) or (6) takes effect:
(a) on the day on which a copy of the instrument is published in the Gazette; or
(b) if the instrument specifies a later day—on that later day.
Date of effect—future licences
(12) An instrument under subsection (3) relating to a licence takes effect when the licence is granted.
Disallowable instrument
(13) An instrument under subsection (1), (2), (3), (5) or (6) is a disallowable instrument for the purposes of section 46A of the Acts Interpretation Act 1901.
64 Consultation about declared licence conditions
(1) Before making an instrument under subsection 63(1), (2), (5) or (6) that relates to a licence, the Minister must first:
(a) cause the holder of the licence to be given a written notice setting out a draft version of the instrument and inviting the holder to make submissions to the Minister on the draft; and
(b) consider any submissions that were received within the time limit specified in the notice.
(2) The time limit specified in a notice under subsection (1) must be at least 30 days.
(3) Before making an instrument under subsection 63(3) that relates to a licence, the Minister must first:
(a) cause the applicant for the licence to be given a written notice setting out a draft version of the instrument and inviting the applicant to make submissions to the Minister on the draft; and
(b) consider any submissions that were received within the time limit specified in the notice.
65 Conditions about foreign ownership or control
(1) A condition of a carrier licence may relate to the extent of foreign ownership or control (whether direct or indirect) of the holder.
(2) Subsection (1) does not, by implication, limit the conditions that may be declared under section 63.
67 Carrier licence conditions—special provisions
(1) A condition of a carrier licence held by a carrier has effect subject to the provisions of a licence under the Radiocommunications Act 1992 under which the carrier is authorised to do something.
(2) A condition of a carrier licence held by a carrier may remove or restrict a right or privilege that the carrier would otherwise have under a provision of this Act (whether or not in the carrier’s capacity as a carrier).
(3) In this section:
this Act includes:
(a) the Telecommunications (Consumer Protection and Service Standards) Act 1999 and regulations under that Act; and
(b) the Telecommunications Universal Service Management Agency Act 2012.
68 Compliance with conditions
(1) A carrier must not contravene a condition of the carrier licence held by the carrier.
(2) A person must not:
(a) aid, abet, counsel or procure a contravention of subsection (1); or
(b) induce, whether by threats or promises or otherwise, a contravention of subsection (1); or
(c) be in any way, directly or indirectly, knowingly concerned in, or party to, a contravention of subsection (1); or
(d) conspire with others to effect a contravention of subsection (1).
(3) Subsections (1) and (2) are civil penalty provisions.
Note: Part 31 provides for pecuniary penalties for breaches of civil penalty provisions.
69 Remedial directions—breach of condition
(1) This section applies if a carrier has contravened, or is contravening, a condition of the carrier licence held by the carrier.
(2) The ACMA may give the carrier a written direction requiring the carrier to take specified action directed towards ensuring that the carrier does not contravene the condition, or is unlikely to contravene the condition, in the future.
(3) The following are examples of the kinds of direction that may be given to a carrier under subsection (2):
(a) a direction that the carrier implement effective administrative systems for monitoring compliance with a condition of the licence;
(b) a direction that the carrier implement a system designed to give the carrier’s employees, agents and contractors a reasonable knowledge and understanding of the requirements of a condition of the licence, in so far as those requirements affect the employees, agents or contractors concerned.
(4) A carrier must not contravene a direction under subsection (2).
(5) Subsection (1) does not apply to a condition set out in Part 1 of Schedule 1 in so far as that condition relates to section 369.
Note: Section 369 deals with Rules of Conduct under section 367.
(5A) Subsection (1) does not apply to a condition set out in Part 1 of Schedule 1 in so far as that condition relates to section 577AD, 577CD or 577ED.
Note: Sections 577AD, 577CD and 577ED deal with undertakings given by Telstra.
(6) Subsection (1) does not apply to a condition set out in Part 3, 4 or 5 of Schedule 1.
Note: Parts 3, 4 and 5 of Schedule 1 deal with access to network information and access to facilities.
(6B) Subsection (1) does not apply to the condition set out in clause 84 of Schedule 1.
Note: Clause 84 of Schedule 1 deals with control by Telstra of certain spectrum licences.
(7) Subsection (1) does not apply to the condition set out in section 152AZ of the Competition and Consumer Act 2010.
Note: Section 152AZ of the Competition and Consumer Act 2010 deals with standard access obligations.
(7A) Subsection (1) does not apply to the condition set out in section 152BCO of the Competition and Consumer Act 2010.
Note: Section 152BCO of the Competition and Consumer Act 2010 deals with access determinations.
(7B) Subsection (1) does not apply to the condition set out in section 152BDF of the Competition and Consumer Act 2010.
Note: Section 152BDF of the Competition and Consumer Act 2010 deals with binding rules of conduct.
(7C) Subsection (1) does not apply to the condition set out in section 152BEC of the Competition and Consumer Act 2010.
Note: Section 152BEC of the Competition and Consumer Act 2010 deals with access agreements.
(7D) Subsection (1) does not apply to the condition set out in section 152CJC of the Competition and Consumer Act 2010.
Note: Section 152CJC of the Competition and Consumer Act 2010 deals with rules about the supply of services by NBN corporations.
(7E) Subsection (1) does not apply to the condition set out in section 37 of the National Broadband Network Companies Act 2011.
Note: Section 37 of the National Broadband Network Companies Act 2011 deals with rules about:
(a) the supply of goods and services by NBN corporations; and
(b) the investment of money by NBN corporations; and
(c) the functional separation of NBN corporations; and
(d) the divestment of assets by NBN corporations.
(7F) Subsection (1) does not apply to a condition covered by section 41 of the National Broadband Network Companies Act 2011.
Note: Section 41 of the National Broadband Network Companies Act 2011 deals with rules about the supply of services by NBN corporations.
(8) A direction under subsection (2) is not a legislative instrument for the purposes of the Legislative Instruments Act 2003.