An Act relating to the regulation of energy markets, and for related purposes
Part 1—Preliminary
1 Short title [see Note 1]
This Act may be cited as the Australian Energy Market Act 2004.
2 Commencement
(1) Each provision of this Act specified in column 1 of the table commences, or is taken to have commenced, in accordance with column 2 of the table. Any other statement in column 2 has effect according to its terms.
| Commencement information |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
| Provision(s) | Commencement | Date/Details |
| 1. Sections 1 and 2 and anything in this Act not elsewhere covered by this table | The day on which this Act receives the Royal Assent. | 30 June 2004 |
| 2. Sections 3 to 14 | A day or days to be fixed by Proclamation. However, if any of the provision(s) do not commence within the period of 12 months beginning on the day on which this Act receives the Royal Assent, they commence on the first day after the end of that period. | 30 June 2005 |
Note: This table relates only to the provisions of this Act as originally passed by the Parliament and assented to. It will not be expanded to deal with provisions inserted in this Act after assent.
(2) Column 3 of the table contains additional information that is not part of this Act. Information in this column may be added to or edited in any published version of this Act.
3 Definitions
In this Act, unless the contrary intention appears:
Australian Energy Market Commission means the body established by section 5 of the Australian Energy Market Commission Establishment Act 2004 of South Australia.
Australian Energy Regulator means the body established by section 44AE of the Competition and Consumer Act 2010.
coastal waters, in relation to Western Australia, means so much of the scheduled area (within the meaning of the Offshore Petroleum and Greenhouse Gas Storage Act 2006) for Western Australia as consists of:
(a) the territorial sea; and
(b) the sea that is:
(i) on the landward side of the territorial sea; and
(ii) not within the limits of Western Australia.
For this purpose, assume that the breadth of the territorial sea of Australia had never been determined or declared to be greater than 3 nautical miles, but had continued to be 3 nautical miles.
Commonwealth Minister means the Minister administering this Act.
Economic Regulation Authority means the body established by section 4 of the Economic Regulation Authority Act 2003 of Western Australia.
federal tax‑exempt matter has the meaning given by subsection 13D(2).
National Electricity (Commonwealth) Law means the provisions applying under section 6.
National Electricity (Commonwealth) Law and Regulations means:
(a) the National Electricity (Commonwealth) Law; and
(b) the National Electricity (Commonwealth) Regulations.
National Electricity (Commonwealth) Regulations means the provisions applying under section 7.
National Energy Retail Law and Regulations (Commonwealth) means:
(a) the National Energy Retail Law (Commonwealth); and
(b) the National Energy Retail Regulations (Commonwealth).
National Energy Retail Law (Commonwealth) means the provisions applying under section 11T.
National Energy Retail Regulations (Commonwealth) means the provisions applying under section 11U.
National Gas (Commonwealth) Law means the provisions applying under section 11A.
National Gas (Commonwealth) Law and Regulations means:
(a) the National Gas (Commonwealth) Law; and
(b) the National Gas (Commonwealth) Regulations.
National Gas (Commonwealth) Regulations means the provisions applying under section 11B.
natural gas has the same meaning as in the National Gas (Commonwealth) Law.
offshore area, in relation to a State or Territory, has the same meaning as in the Offshore Petroleum and Greenhouse Gas Storage Act 2006.
offshore Western Australian pipeline means a pipeline (within the meaning of the National Gas (Commonwealth) Law) for transporting natural gas from one or more points of origination in the offshore area of Western Australia to one or more points of termination in:
(a) Western Australia; or
(b) the coastal waters of Western Australia;
but does not include a pipeline any part of which is situated in another State or in a Territory.
Offshore Western Australian Pipelines (Commonwealth) Law means the provisions applying under section 11J.
Offshore Western Australian Pipelines (Commonwealth) Law and Regulations means:
(a) the Offshore Western Australian Pipelines (Commonwealth) Law; and
(b) the Offshore Western Australian Pipelines (Commonwealth) Regulations.
Offshore Western Australian Pipelines (Commonwealth) Regulations means the provisions applying under section 11K.
prescribed uniform energy law means a uniform energy law covered by paragraph (b) of the definition of uniform energy law.
South Australian Electricity Legislation means:
(a) the National Electricity Law set out in the Schedule to the National Electricity (South Australia) Act 1996 of South Australia as in force from time to time; and
(b) any regulations, as in force from time to time, made under Part 4 of that Act.
The reference in paragraph (a) to the National Electricity Law set out in the Schedule to the National Electricity (South Australia) Act 1996 of South Australia as in force from time to time includes a reference to any Rules or other instruments, as in force from time to time, made or having effect under that Law.
South Australian Energy Retail Legislation means:
(a) the National Energy Retail Law set out in the Schedule to the National Energy Retail Law (South Australia) Act 2011 of South Australia, as amended from time to time; and
(b) any regulations, as amended from time to time, made under Part 11 of the National Energy Retail Law.
The reference in paragraph (a) to the National Energy Retail Law set out in the Schedule to the National Energy Retail Law (South Australia) Act 2011 of South Australia, as amended from time to time, includes a reference to any Rules or other instruments, as amended from time to time, made or having effect under that Law.
South Australian Gas Legislation means:
(a) the National Gas Law set out in the Schedule to the National Gas (South Australia) Act 2008 of South Australia as in force from time to time; and
(b) any regulations, as in force from time to time, made under Part 3 of that Act.
The reference in paragraph (a) to the National Gas Law set out in the Schedule to the National Gas (South Australia) Act 2008 of South Australia as in force from time to time includes a reference to any Rules or other instruments, as in force from time to time, made or having effect under that Law.
State/Territory electricity law means:
(a) the South Australian Electricity Legislation as it applies as a law of South Australia; or
(b) the South Australian Electricity Legislation as it applies as a law of another State; or
(c) the South Australian Electricity Legislation as it applies as a law of the Australian Capital Territory or the Northern Territory.
State/Territory energy law means:
(a) a State/Territory electricity law; or
(b) a State/Territory gas law; or
(c) a State/Territory energy retail law.
State/Territory energy retail law means:
(a) the South Australian Energy Retail Legislation as it applies as a law of South Australia; or
(b) the South Australian Energy Retail Legislation as it applies as a law of another State; or
(c) the South Australian Energy Retail Legislation as it applies as a law of the Australian Capital Territory or the Northern Territory.
State/Territory gas law means:
(a) the South Australian Gas Legislation as it applies as a law of South Australia; or
(b) the South Australian Gas Legislation as it applies as a law of another State; or
(c) the South Australian Gas Legislation as it applies as a law of the Australian Capital Territory or the Northern Territory; or
(d) the Western Australian Gas Legislation as it applies as a law of Western Australia.
State/Territory tax‑exempt matter has the meaning given by subsection 13E(2).
uniform energy law means:
(a) the South Australian Electricity Legislation; or
(aa) the South Australian Gas Legislation; or
(ab) the Western Australian Gas Legislation; or
(ac) the South Australian Energy Retail Legislation; or
(b) provisions of a law of a State or Territory that:
(i) relate to energy; and
(ii) are prescribed by the regulations for the purposes of this subparagraph;
being those provisions as in force from time to time.
Western Australian Gas Legislation means:
(a) the National Gas Access (Western Australia) Law (within the meaning of the National Gas Access (WA) Act 2009 of Western Australia) as in force from time to time; and
(b) any regulations, as in force from time to time, made under Part 3 of that Act.
The reference in paragraph (a) to the National Gas Access (Western Australia) Law (within the meaning of the National Gas Access (WA) Act 2009 of Western Australia) as in force from time to time includes a reference to any Rules or other instruments, as in force from time to time, made or having effect under that Law.
4 Crown to be bound
Each of the following:
(a) this Act;
(b) the National Electricity (Commonwealth) Law and Regulations;
(c) the National Gas (Commonwealth) Law and Regulations;
(d) the Offshore Western Australian Pipelines (Commonwealth) Law and Regulations;
(da) the National Energy Retail Law and Regulations (Commonwealth);
(e) a prescribed uniform energy law applied as a law of the Commonwealth;
binds the Crown in each of its capacities.
5 Extra‑territorial operation
It is the intention of the Parliament that the operation of:
(a) this Act; and
(b) the National Electricity (Commonwealth) Law and Regulations; and
(c) the National Gas (Commonwealth) Law and Regulations; and
(d) the Offshore Western Australian Pipelines (Commonwealth) Law and Regulations; and
(e) a prescribed uniform energy law applied as a law of the Commonwealth;
should, as far as possible, include operation in relation to the following:
(f) things situated in or outside Australia;
(g) acts, transactions and matters done, entered into or occurring in or outside Australia;
(h) things, acts, transactions and matters (wherever situated, done, entered into or occurring) that would, apart from this Act, be governed or otherwise affected by the law of a State, a Territory or a foreign country.
Note: Section 17 of the National Energy Retail Law (Commonwealth) provides for the extra‑territorial operation of the National Energy Retail Law (Commonwealth).
Part 2—Application of energy laws as laws of the Commonwealth
Division 1—Electricity laws
6 Application of National Electricity Law in offshore areas etc.
(1) The National Electricity Law set out in the Schedule to the National Electricity (South Australia) Act 1996 of South Australia as in force from time to time:
(a) applies as a law of the Commonwealth:
(i) in the offshore area of each State and Territory; and
(ii) in any other places, to any circumstances, or to any persons, that are prescribed by regulations for the purpose of this subparagraph; and
(b) so applying may be referred to as the National Electricity (Commonwealth) Law.
(2) The reference in subsection (1) to the National Electricity Law set out in the Schedule to the National Electricity (South Australia) Act 1996 of South Australia as in force from time to time includes a reference to any Rules or other instruments, as in force from time to time, made or having effect under that Law.
7 Application of National Electricity Regulations in offshore areas etc.
Regulations, as in force from time to time, made under Part 4 of the National Electricity (South Australia) Act 1996 of South Australia:
(a) apply as regulations in force for the purposes of the National Electricity (Commonwealth) Law; and
(b) so applying may be referred to as the National Electricity (Commonwealth) Regulations.
9 Functions and powers of the Australian Energy Market Commission under the National Electricity (Commonwealth) Law and Regulations
(1) The Australian Energy Market Commission has the functions and powers conferred on it under the National Electricity (Commonwealth) Law and Regulations.
(2) Any delegation by the Australian Energy Market Commission is taken to extend to, and have effect for the purposes of, the National Electricity (Commonwealth) Law and Regulations.
10 Functions and powers of the Australian Energy Regulator under the National Electricity (Commonwealth) Law and Regulations
(1) The Australian Energy Regulator has the functions and powers conferred on it under the National Electricity (Commonwealth) Law and Regulations.
(2) Any delegation by the Australian Energy Regulator is taken to extend to, and have effect for the purposes of, the National Electricity (Commonwealth) Law and Regulations.
10A Functions and powers of the Australian Competition Tribunal under the National Electricity (Commonwealth) Law and Regulations
The Australian Competition Tribunal has the functions and powers conferred on it under the National Electricity (Commonwealth) Law and Regulations.
10B Functions and powers of the Commonwealth Minister under the National Electricity (Commonwealth) Law and Regulations
(1) The Commonwealth Minister has the functions and powers conferred on him or her under the National Electricity (Commonwealth) Law and Regulations.
(2) Any delegation by the Commonwealth Minister is taken to extend to, and have effect for the purposes of, the National Electricity (Commonwealth) Law and Regulations.
11 Interpretation of some expressions in the National Electricity (Commonwealth) Law and Regulations etc.
(1) In the National Electricity (Commonwealth) Law and Regulations:
Court means the Federal Court of Australia.
Legislature of this jurisdiction means the Legislature of the Commonwealth.
magistrate means a Federal Magistrate of the Federal Magistrates Court.
the jurisdiction or this jurisdiction means the Commonwealth.
the National Electricity Law or this Law means the National Electricity (Commonwealth) Law.
(2) The Acts Interpretation Act 1915 of South Australia, and other Acts of South Australia, do not apply to:
(a) the National Electricity Law set out in the Schedule to the National Electricity (South Australia) Act 1996 of South Australia applied as a law of the Commonwealth; or
(b) any regulations made under Part 4 of that Act applied as regulations for the purposes of the National Electricity (Commonwealth) Law.
(3) The reference in paragraph (2)(a) to the National Electricity Law set out in the Schedule to the National Electricity (South Australia) Act 1996 of South Australia includes a reference to any Rules or other instruments made or having effect under that Law.
Division 2—Gas laws
Subdivision A—General
11A Application of National Gas Law in offshore areas, certain Territories etc.
(1) The National Gas Law set out in the Schedule to the National Gas (South Australia) Act 2008 of South Australia as in force from time to time:
(a) applies as a law of the Commonwealth:
(i) in the offshore area of each State and the Northern Territory; and
(ii) in the offshore area of Norfolk Island; and
(iii) in the offshore area of the Territory of Ashmore and Cartier Islands; and
(iv) in the Territory of Christmas Island; and
(v) in the offshore area of the Territory of Christmas Island; and
(vi) in the Territory of Cocos (Keeling) Islands; and
(vii) in the offshore area of the Territory of Cocos (Keeling) Islands; and
(viii) in the offshore area of the Territory of Heard Island and McDonald Islands; and
(ix) in any other places, to any circumstances, or to any persons, that are prescribed by regulations for the purpose of this subparagraph; and
(b) so applying may be referred to as the National Gas (Commonwealth) Law.
(2) The National Gas (Commonwealth) Law does not apply in relation to an offshore Western Australian pipeline.
(3) The reference in subsection (1) to the National Gas Law set out in the Schedule to the National Gas (South Australia) Act 2008 of South Australia as in force from time to time includes a reference to any Rules or other instruments, as in force from time to time, made or having effect under that Law.
11B Application of National Gas Regulations in offshore areas, certain Territories etc.
(1) Regulations, as in force from time to time, made under Part 3 of the National Gas (South Australia) Act 2008 of South Australia:
(a) apply as regulations in force for the purposes of the National Gas (Commonwealth) Law; and
(b) so applying may be referred to as the National Gas (Commonwealth) Regulations.
(2) The National Gas (Commonwealth) Regulations do not apply in relation to an offshore Western Australian pipeline.
11C Functions and powers of the Australian Energy Market Commission under the National Gas (Commonwealth) Law and Regulations
(1) The Australian Energy Market Commission has the functions and powers conferred on it under the National Gas (Commonwealth) Law and Regulations.
(2) Any delegation by the Australian Energy Market Commission is taken to extend to, and have effect for the purposes of, the National Gas (Commonwealth) Law and Regulations.
11D Functions and powers of the Australian Energy Regulator under the National Gas (Commonwealth) Law and Regulations
(1) The Australian Energy Regulator has the functions and powers conferred on it under the National Gas (Commonwealth) Law and Regulations.
(2) Any delegation by the Australian Energy Regulator is taken to extend to, and have effect for the purposes of, the National Gas (Commonwealth) Law and Regulations.
11E Functions and powers of the National Competition Council under the National Gas (Commonwealth) Law and Regulations
The National Competition Council has the functions and powers conferred on it under the National Gas (Commonwealth) Law and Regulations.
11F Functions and powers of the Australian Competition Tribunal under the National Gas (Commonwealth) Law and Regulations
The Australian Competition Tribunal has the functions and powers conferred on it under the National Gas (Commonwealth) Law and Regulations.
11G Functions and powers of the Commonwealth Minister under the National Gas (Commonwealth) Law and Regulations
(1) The Commonwealth Minister has the functions and powers conferred on him or her under the National Gas (Commonwealth) Law and Regulations.
(2) Any delegation by the Commonwealth Minister is taken to extend to, and have effect for the purposes of, the National Gas (Commonwealth) Law and Regulations.
11H Interpretation of some expressions in the National Gas (Commonwealth) Law and Regulations etc.
(1) In the National Gas (Commonwealth) Law and Regulations:
Court means the Federal Court of Australia.
designated Minister means the Commonwealth Minister.
magistrate means a Federal Magistrate of the Federal Magistrates Court.
(2) The Acts Interpretation Act 1915 of South Australia, and other Acts of South Australia, do not apply to:
(a) the National Gas Law set out in the Schedule to the National Gas (South Australia) Act 2008 of South Australia applied as a law of the Commonwealth; or
(b) any regulations made under Part 3 of that Act applied as regulations for the purposes of the National Gas (Commonwealth) Law.
(3) The reference in paragraph (2)(a) to the National Gas Law set out in the Schedule to the National Gas (South Australia) Act 2008 of South Australia includes a reference to any Rules or other instruments made or having effect under that Law.
Subdivision B—Offshore Western Australian pipelines
11J Application of Offshore Western Australian Pipelines Law in offshore area of Western Australia
(1) The National Gas Access (Western Australia) Law (within the meaning of the National Gas Access (WA) Act 2009 of Western Australia) as in force from time to time:
(a) applies as a law of the Commonwealth in relation to so much of an offshore Western Australian pipeline as is situated in the offshore area of Western Australia; and
(b) so applying may be referred to as the Offshore Western Australian Pipelines (Commonwealth) Law.
(2) The reference in subsection (1) to the National Gas Access (Western Australia) Law (within the meaning of the National Gas Access (WA) Act 2009 of Western Australia) as in force from time to time includes a reference to any Rules or other instruments, as in force from time to time, made or having effect under that Law.
11K Application of Offshore Western Australian Pipelines Regulations in offshore area of Western Australia
Regulations, as in force from time to time, made under Part 3 of the National Gas Access (WA) Act 2009 of Western Australia:
(a) apply as regulations in force for the purposes of the Offshore Western Australian Pipelines (Commonwealth) Law; and
(b) so applying may be referred to as the Offshore Western Australian Pipelines (Commonwealth) Regulations.
11L Functions and powers of the Australian Energy Market Commission under the Offshore Western Australian Pipelines (Commonwealth) Law and Regulations
(1) The Australian Energy Market Commission has the functions and powers conferred on it under the Offshore Western Australian Pipelines (Commonwealth) Law and Regulations.
(2) Any delegation by the Australian Energy Market Commission is taken to extend to, and have effect for the purposes of, the Offshore Western Australian Pipelines (Commonwealth) Law and Regulations.
11M Functions and powers of the Economic Regulation Authority under the Offshore Western Australian Pipelines (Commonwealth) Law and Regulations
(1) The Economic Regulation Authority has the functions and powers conferred on it under the Offshore Western Australian Pipelines (Commonwealth) Law and Regulations.
(2) Any delegation by the Economic Regulation Authority is taken to extend to, and have effect for the purposes of, the Offshore Western Australian Pipelines (Commonwealth) Law and Regulations.
11N Functions and powers of the National Competition Council under the Offshore Western Australian Pipelines (Commonwealth) Law and Regulations
The National Competition Council has the functions and powers conferred on it under the Offshore Western Australian Pipelines (Commonwealth) Law and Regulations.
11P Functions and powers of the Australian Competition Tribunal under the Offshore Western Australian Pipelines (Commonwealth) Law and Regulations
The Australian Competition Tribunal has the functions and powers conferred on it under the Offshore Western Australian Pipelines (Commonwealth) Law and Regulations.
11Q Functions and powers of a Western Australian Minister under the Offshore Western Australian Pipelines (Commonwealth) Law and Regulations
(1) A Minister of Western Australia has the functions and powers conferred on him or her under the Offshore Western Australian Pipelines (Commonwealth) Law and Regulations.
(2) Any delegation by such a Minister of Western Australia is taken to extend to, and have effect for the purposes of, the Offshore Western Australian Pipelines (Commonwealth) Law and Regulations.
11R Interpretation of some expressions in the Offshore Western Australian Pipelines (Commonwealth) Law and Regulations etc.
(1) In determining who is the relevant Minister for the purposes of the Offshore Western Australian Pipelines (Commonwealth) Law and Regulations, an offshore Western Australian pipeline is taken to be situated wholly within Western Australia.
(2) The Interpretation Act 1984 of Western Australia, and other Acts of Western Australia, do not apply to:
(a) the National Gas Access (Western Australia) Law (within the meaning of the National Gas Access (WA) Act 2009 of Western Australia) applied as a law of the Commonwealth; or
(b) any regulations made under Part 3 of that Act applied as regulations for the purposes of the Offshore Western Australian Pipelines (Commonwealth) Law.
(3) The reference in paragraph (2)(a) to the National Gas Access (Western Australia) Law (within the meaning of the National Gas Access (WA) Act 2009 of Western Australia) includes a reference to any Rules or other instruments made or having effect under that Law.
11S Inter‑governmental arrangements relating to the administration of the Offshore Western Australian Pipelines (Commonwealth) Law and Regulations
(1) The Commonwealth may enter into arrangements with Western Australia for the effective administration of the Offshore Western Australian Pipelines (Commonwealth) Law and Regulations.
(2) Without limiting subsection (1), such an arrangement may provide for the exercise of powers, or the performance of functions or duties, by an officer or authority of Western Australia in relation to offshore Western Australian pipelines.
Division 2A—Energy retail laws
11T Application of National Energy Retail Law in offshore areas etc.
(1) The National Energy Retail Law set out in the Schedule to the National Energy Retail Law (South Australia) Act 2011 of South Australia, as amended from time to time:
(a) applies as a law of the Commonwealth:
(i) in the offshore area of each State and Territory; and
(ii) in any other places, to any circumstances, or to any persons, that are prescribed by regulations for the purpose of this subparagraph; and
(b) so applying may be referred to as the National Energy Retail Law (Commonwealth).
(2) The reference in subsection (1) to the National Energy Retail Law set out in the Schedule to the National Energy Retail Law (South Australia) Act 2011 of South Australia, as amended from time to time, includes a reference to any Rules or other instruments, as amended from time to time, made or having effect under that Law.
11U Application of National Energy Retail Regulations in offshore areas etc.
Regulations, as amended from time to time, made under Part 11 of the National Energy Retail Law set out in the Schedule to the National Energy Retail Law (South Australia) Act 2011 of South Australia:
(a) apply as regulations in force for the purposes of the National Energy Retail Law (Commonwealth); and
(b) so applying may be referred to as the National Energy Retail Regulations (Commonwealth).
11V Functions and powers of the Australian Energy Market Commission under the National Energy Retail Law and Regulations (Commonwealth)
(1) The Australian Energy Market Commission has the functions and powers conferred on it under the National Energy Retail Law and Regulations (Commonwealth).
(2) Any delegation by the Australian Energy Market Commission is taken to extend to, and have effect for the purposes of, the National Energy Retail Law and Regulations (Commonwealth).
11W Functions and powers of the Australian Energy Regulator under the National Energy Retail Law and Regulations (Commonwealth)
(1) The Australian Energy Regulator has the functions and powers conferred on it under the National Energy Retail Law and Regulations (Commonwealth).
(2) Any delegation by the Australian Energy Regulator is taken to extend to, and have effect for the purposes of, the National Energy Retail Law and Regulations (Commonwealth).
11X Functions and powers of the Australian Competition Tribunal under the National Energy Retail Law and Regulations (Commonwealth)
The Australian Competition Tribunal has the functions and powers conferred on it under the National Energy Retail Law and Regulations (Commonwealth).
11Y Functions and powers of the Commonwealth Minister under the National Energy Retail Law and Regulations (Commonwealth)
(1) The Commonwealth Minister has the functions and powers conferred on him or her under the National Energy Retail Law and Regulations (Commonwealth).
(2) Any delegation by the Commonwealth Minister is taken to extend to, and have effect for the purposes of, the National Energy Retail Law and Regulations (Commonwealth).
11Z Interpretation of the National Energy Retail Law and Regulations (Commonwealth) etc.
(1) In the National Energy Retail Law and Regulations (Commonwealth):
National Energy Retail Law or this Law means the National Energy Retail Law (Commonwealth).
the jurisdiction or this jurisdiction means the Commonwealth.
(2) The Acts Interpretation Act 1915 of South Australia, and other Acts of South Australia, do not apply to:
(a) the National Energy Retail Law set out in the Schedule to the National Energy Retail Law (South Australia) Act 2011 of South Australia applied as a law of the Commonwealth; or
(b) any regulations made under Part 11 of the National Energy Retail Law applied as regulations for the purposes of the National Energy Retail Law (Commonwealth).
(3) The reference in paragraph (2)(a) to the National Energy Retail Law set out in the Schedule to the National Energy Retail Law (South Australia) Act 2011 of South Australia includes a reference to any Rules or other instruments made or having effect under that Law.
(4) Nothing in section 17 of the National Energy Retail Law (Commonwealth) has effect in relation to the sale and supply of energy outside the territorial limits of all the participating jurisdictions for the purposes of that Law.
Division 3—Prescribed uniform energy laws
12 Application of other uniform energy laws in offshore areas
A prescribed uniform energy law:
(a) applies as a law of the Commonwealth in the offshore area of each State and Territory; and
(b) so applying may be referred to by the name given to it by the regulations.
Part 3—Miscellaneous
13 Application of the Administrative Decisions (Judicial Review) Act 1977
(1) This section applies in respect of any decision under:
(a) the National Electricity (Commonwealth) Law; or
(b) the National Electricity (Commonwealth) Regulations; or
(c) the National Gas (Commonwealth) Law; or
(ca) the National Gas (Commonwealth) Regulations; or
(cb) the Offshore Western Australian Pipelines (Commonwealth) Law; or
(cc) the Offshore Western Australian Pipelines (Commonwealth) Regulations; or
(cd) the National Energy Retail Law (Commonwealth); or
(ce) the National Energy Retail Regulations (Commonwealth); or
(d) a prescribed uniform energy law applied as a law of the Commonwealth.
(2) For the purposes of applying the Administrative Decisions (Judicial Review) Act 1977 to such a decision, that decision is taken to be a decision made under an enactment within the meaning of the Administrative Decisions (Judicial Review) Act 1977.
13A Commonwealth consent to conferral of functions etc. on Commonwealth Minister
(1) A State/Territory energy law may confer functions or powers, or impose duties, on the Commonwealth Minister for the purposes of that law.
Note 1: Section 13C sets out when such a law imposes a duty on the Commonwealth Minister.
Note 2: Functions and powers conferred, and duties imposed, on the National Competition Council by a State/Territory energy law are dealt with under section 29BA of the Competition and Consumer Act 2010.
Note 3: Functions and powers conferred, and duties imposed, on the Australian Energy Regulator by a State/Territory energy law are dealt with under section 44AI of the Competition and Consumer Act 2010.
Note 4: Functions and powers conferred, and duties imposed, on the Australian Competition Tribunal by a State/Territory energy law are dealt with under section 44ZZM of the Competition and Consumer Act 2010.
(2) Subsection (1) does not authorise the conferral of a function or power, or the imposition of a duty, by a State/Territory energy law to the extent to which:
(a) the conferral or imposition, or the authorisation, would contravene any constitutional doctrines restricting the duties that may be imposed on the Commonwealth Minister; or
(b) the authorisation would otherwise exceed the legislative power of the Commonwealth.
(3) The Commonwealth Minister cannot perform a duty or function, or exercise a power, under a State/Territory energy law unless the conferral of the function or power, or the imposition of the duty, is in accordance with an agreement between the Commonwealth and the State or Territory concerned.
13B How duty is imposed
Application
(1) This section applies if a State/Territory energy law purports to impose a duty on the Commonwealth Minister.
Note 1: Section 13C sets out when such a law imposes a duty on the Commonwealth Minister.
Note 2: Section 320 of a State/Territory energy retail law deals with the case where a duty purportedly imposed on the Commonwealth Minister under that law cannot be imposed by the State or Territory or the Commonwealth due to constitutional doctrines restricting such duties.
State or Territory legislative power sufficient to support duty
(2) The duty is taken not to be imposed by this Act (or any other law of the Commonwealth) to the extent to which:
(a) imposing the duty is within the legislative powers of the State or Territory concerned; and
(b) imposing the duty by the law of the State or Territory is consistent with the constitutional doctrines restricting the duties that may be imposed on the Commonwealth Minister.
Note: If this subsection applies, the duty will be taken to be imposed by force of the law of the State or Territory (the Commonwealth having consented under section 13A to the imposition of the duty by that law).
Commonwealth legislative power sufficient to support duty but State or Territory legislative powers are not
(3) If, to ensure the validity of the purported imposition of the duty, it is necessary that the duty be imposed by a law of the Commonwealth (rather than by the law of the State or Territory), the duty is taken to be imposed by this Act to the extent necessary to ensure that validity.
(4) If, because of subsection (3), this Act is taken to impose the duty, it is the intention of the Parliament to rely on all powers available to it under the Constitution to support the imposition of the duty by this Act.
(5) The duty is taken to be imposed by this Act in accordance with subsection (3) only to the extent to which imposing the duty:
(a) is within the legislative powers of the Commonwealth; and
(b) is consistent with the constitutional doctrines restricting the duties that may be imposed on the Commonwealth Minister.
(6) Subsections (1) to (5) do not limit section 13A.
13C When a State/Territory energy law imposes a duty
For the purposes of sections 13A and 13B, a State/Territory energy law imposes a duty on the Commonwealth Minister if:
(a) the law confers a function or power on the Commonwealth Minister; and
(b) the circumstances in which the function or power is conferred give rise to an obligation on the Commonwealth Minister to perform the function or to exercise the power.
13D No Commonwealth tax consequences for certain transfers of assets and liabilities etc.
(1) No consequences arise, for the purposes of a prescribed law of the Commonwealth relating to taxation, in respect of:
(a) a federal tax‑exempt matter; or
(b) anything done (including, for example, a transaction entered into or an instrument or document made, executed, lodged or given) because of, or arising out of, a federal tax‑exempt matter.
(2) In this Act:
federal tax‑exempt matter means a transfer of assets or liabilities that the Commonwealth Minister and the Treasurer are satisfied is made:
(a) for the purpose of ensuring that a person does not carry on a business of producing, purchasing or selling natural gas in breach of:
(i) a State/Territory gas law; or
(ii) the National Gas (Commonwealth) Law; or
(iii) the National Gas (Commonwealth) Regulations; or
(iv) the Offshore Western Australian Pipelines (Commonwealth) Law; or
(v) the Offshore Western Australian Pipelines (Commonwealth) Regulations; or
(b) for the purpose of the separation of certain activities from other activities of a person as required by:
(i) a State/Territory gas law; or
(ii) the National Gas (Commonwealth) Law; or
(iii) the National Gas (Commonwealth) Regulations; or
(iv) the Offshore Western Australian Pipelines (Commonwealth) Law; or
(v) the Offshore Western Australian Pipelines (Commonwealth) Regulations;
and for no other purpose.
(3) In paragraph (a) of the definition of federal tax‑exempt matter in subsection (2), natural gas has the same meaning as in the National Gas Law set out in the Schedule to the National Gas (South Australia) Act 2008 of South Australia.
13E Exemption from State and Territory taxes
(1) Any stamp duty or other tax imposed by or under a law of a State or Territory is not payable in relation to:
(a) a State/Territory tax‑exempt matter; or
(b) anything done (including, for example, a transaction entered into or an instrument or document made, executed, lodged or given) because of, or arising out of, a State/Territory tax‑exempt matter.
(2) In this Act:
State/Territory tax‑exempt matter means a transfer of assets or liabilities that the Commonwealth Minister is satisfied is made:
(a) for the purpose of ensuring that a person does not carry on a business of producing, purchasing or selling natural gas in breach of:
(i) the National Gas (Commonwealth) Law; or
(ii) the National Gas (Commonwealth) Regulations; or
(iii) the Offshore Western Australian Pipelines (Commonwealth) Law; or
(iv) the Offshore Western Australian Pipelines (Commonwealth) Regulations; or
(b) for the purpose of the separation of certain activities from other activities of a person as required by:
(i) the National Gas (Commonwealth) Law; or
(ii) the National Gas (Commonwealth) Regulations; or
(iii) the Offshore Western Australian Pipelines (Commonwealth) Law; or
(iv) the Offshore Western Australian Pipelines (Commonwealth) Regulations;
and for no other purpose.
(3) In paragraph (a) of the definition of State/Territory tax‑exempt matter in subsection (2), natural gas has the same meaning as in the National Gas Law set out in the Schedule to the National Gas (South Australia) Act 2008 of South Australia.
13F Legislative instruments
(1) To avoid doubt, an instrument made or having effect under:
(a) the National Electricity (Commonwealth) Law; or
(b) the National Electricity (Commonwealth) Regulations; or
(c) a prescribed uniform energy law applied as a law of the Commonwealth;
is taken not to be, and never to have been, a legislative instrument for the purposes of the Legislative Instruments Act 2003.
(2) To avoid doubt, an instrument made or having effect under:
(a) the National Gas (Commonwealth) Law; or
(b) the National Gas (Commonwealth) Regulations; or
(c) the Offshore Western Australian Pipelines (Commonwealth) Law; or
(d) the Offshore Western Australian Pipelines (Commonwealth) Regulations;
is taken not to be a legislative instrument for the purposes of the Legislative Instruments Act 2003.
(3) To avoid doubt, an instrument made or having effect under:
(a) the National Energy Retail Law (Commonwealth); or
(b) the National Energy Retail Regulations (Commonwealth);
is taken not to be a legislative instrument for the purposes of the Legislative Instruments Act 2003.
13G Jurisdiction of the Federal Court
(1) The Federal Court is invested with jurisdiction with respect to civil and criminal matters arising under:
(a) the National Electricity (Commonwealth) Law and Regulations; or
(b) the National Gas (Commonwealth) Law and Regulations; or
(c) the National Energy Retail Law and Regulations (Commonwealth).
(2) If a provision of:
(a) the National Electricity (Commonwealth) Law; or
(b) the National Gas (Commonwealth) Law; or
(c) the National Energy Retail Law (Commonwealth);
whether expressly or by implication, authorises a civil or criminal proceeding to be instituted in the Federal Court in relation to a matter, that provision is taken to vest the Court with jurisdiction in that matter.
13H Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court of Western Australia
(1) The Supreme Court of Western Australia is invested with jurisdiction with respect to civil and criminal matters arising under the Offshore Western Australian Pipelines (Commonwealth) Law and Regulations.
(2) If a provision of the Offshore Western Australian Pipelines (Commonwealth) Law, whether expressly or by implication, authorises a civil or criminal proceeding to be instituted in the Supreme Court of Western Australia in relation to a matter:
(a) that provision is taken to vest the Court with jurisdiction in that matter; and
(b) the jurisdiction so vested is not limited by any limits to which any other jurisdiction of the Court may be subject.
13J Jurisdiction of a State or Territory court under a prescribed uniform energy law
(1) The courts of a State or Territory are invested with jurisdiction with respect to civil and criminal matters arising under a prescribed uniform energy law of the State or Territory applied as a law of the Commonwealth.
(2) If a provision of a prescribed uniform energy law of a State or Territory applied as a law of the Commonwealth, whether expressly or by implication, authorises a civil or criminal proceeding to be instituted in a court of the State or Territory in relation to a matter:
(a) that provision is taken to vest the court with jurisdiction in that matter; and
(b) the jurisdiction so vested is not limited by any limits to which any other jurisdiction of the court may be subject.
13K Validation of instruments and decisions of Australian Energy Regulator—energy retail laws
(1) This section applies to an instrument or a decision made by the Australian Energy Regulator if:
(a) the instrument or decision was made:
(i) on or after the time that the National Energy Retail Law (South Australia) Act 2011 of South Australia was enacted; but
(ii) before the time (the application time) that the South Australian Energy Retail Legislation first started to apply under this Act as a law of the Commonwealth; and
(b) the making of the instrument or decision would have been authorised by the National Energy Retail Law and Regulations (Commonwealth) (the authorising law) if the South Australian Energy Retail Legislation had started so to apply; and
(c) in a case in which the making of the instrument or decision would be so authorised subject to the satisfaction of any conditions or other requirements (for example, consultation or publication requirements)—the Australian Energy Regulator has done anything that would, if the South Australian Energy Retail Legislation had started so to apply, be required under the authorising law for the instrument or decision to be so authorised.
(2) For the purposes of the authorising law:
(a) the instrument or decision is taken to be valid; and
(b) the instrument or decision has effect from the application time:
(i) as varied, and unless revoked, by any other instrument or decision to which this section applies; and
(ii) subject to that law as so applying.
(3) For the purposes of this section:
(a) guidelines are an example of an instrument; and
(b) the following are examples of decisions:
(i) appointments;
(ii) determinations;
(iii) approvals.
13L Authorisation of preparatory steps for instruments or decisions of Australian Energy Regulator—energy retail laws
(1) This section applies if:
(a) the Australian Energy Regulator is required to do something (a preparatory step) before making a decision or making an instrument under the National Energy Retail Law and Regulations (Commonwealth) (the authorising law); and
(b) the Australian Energy Regulator takes the preparatory step:
(i) on or after the time that the National Energy Retail Law (South Australia) Act 2011 of South Australia was enacted; but
(ii) before the time that the South Australian Energy Retail Legislation first started to apply under this Act as a law of the Commonwealth.
(2) For the purposes of the authorising law, the Australian Energy Regulator is taken to have complied with the requirement to take the preparatory step.
13M Validation of instruments and decisions of Australian Energy Regulator—electricity and gas laws
(1) This section applies to an instrument or a decision made by the Australian Energy Regulator if:
(a) the instrument or decision was made:
(i) on or after the time that the amendments of the South Australian Electricity Legislation or the South Australian Gas Legislation by the Statutes Amendment (National Energy Retail Law) Act 2011 of South Australia were enacted; but
(ii) before the time (the application time) that the amendments started to apply under this Act as a law of the Commonwealth; and
(b) the making of the instrument or decision would have been authorised by the National Electricity (Commonwealth) Law and Regulations or the National Gas (Commonwealth) Law and Regulations (the authorising law) if the amendments had started so to apply; and
(c) in a case in which the making of the instrument or decision would be so authorised subject to the satisfaction of any conditions or other requirements (for example, consultation or publication requirements)—the Australian Energy Regulator has done anything that would, if the amendments had started so to apply, be required under the authorising law for the instrument or decision to be so authorised.
(2) For the purposes of the authorising law:
(a) the instrument or decision is taken to be valid; and
(b) the instrument or decision has effect from the application time:
(i) as varied, and unless revoked, by any other instrument or decision to which this section applies; and
(ii) subject to that law as so applying.
(3) For the purposes of this section:
(a) guidelines are an example of an instrument; and
(b) the following are examples of decisions:
(i) appointments;
(ii) determinations;
(iii) approvals.
13N Authorisation of preparatory steps for instruments or decisions of Australian Energy Regulator—electricity and gas laws
(1) This section applies if:
(a) the Australian Energy Regulator is required to do something (a preparatory step) before making a decision or making an instrument under the National Electricity (Commonwealth) Law and Regulations or the National Gas (Commonwealth) Law and Regulations (the authorising law); and
(b) the preparatory step would have been required under the authorising law if the amendments of South Australian Electricity Legislation or the South Australian Gas Legislation made by the Statutes Amendment (National Energy Retail Law) Act 2011 of South Australia had started to apply under this Act as a law of the Commonwealth; and
(c) the Australian Energy Regulator takes the preparatory step:
(i) on or after the time that the amendments were enacted; but
(ii) before the time that the amendments started to apply under this Act as a law of the Commonwealth.
(2) For the purposes of the authorising law, the Australian Energy Regulator is taken to have complied with the requirement to take the preparatory step.
14 Regulations
(1) The Governor‑General may make regulations prescribing matters:
(a) required or permitted by this Act to be prescribed; or
(b) necessary or convenient to be prescribed for carrying out or giving effect to this Act.
(2) Regulations may be made providing for the interpretation of a uniform energy law applied as a law of the Commonwealth. In particular, the regulations may provide that the following do not apply to the uniform energy law applied as a law of the Commonwealth:
(a) any law, or any provision of a law, of the Commonwealth, a State or Territory, being a law relating to the interpretation of laws;
(b) any other law, or any other provision of a law, of the Commonwealth, a State or Territory.
(3) The regulations may modify or adapt any provision of:
(a) the National Electricity (Commonwealth) Law; or
(b) the National Electricity (Commonwealth) Regulations; or
(c) the National Gas (Commonwealth) Law; or
(ca) the National Gas (Commonwealth) Regulations; or
(cb) the Offshore Western Australian Pipelines (Commonwealth) Law; or
(cc) the Offshore Western Australian Pipelines (Commonwealth) Regulations; or
(cd) the National Energy Retail Law (Commonwealth); or
(ce) the National Energy Retail Regulations (Commonwealth); or
(d) a prescribed uniform energy law applied as a law of the Commonwealth;
as it applies as a provision of a law of the Commonwealth.